高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧及題型

1、詞匯、閱讀速度和理解能力 閱讀的方法可以使用以下幾種：? 1.跳讀：就是快速的一步閱讀法。實際上是有選擇閱讀，找關鍵詞。用這種閱讀方法回答who、what、when、where之類的問題最為有效。? 2.略讀：指比跳讀慢些的二步閱讀法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速閱讀，目的是了解大意，對文章有個總的概念。此種閱讀方法能回答why、how之類的問題。? 3.精讀：即最細致、最慢的深層閱讀方法，目的是求得對所讀文章的全部意義的理解與掌握。? 在使用閱讀技巧時盡量做到以下幾點：? ?1.帶著問題閱讀短文。 2.找出主題句、確定中心思想。? 3.推斷單詞、句子和文章的含義。? 4.盡快選擇答案。? 不同體裁文

2、章的特點及解題技巧? 1.記敘文? 記敘文又可分傳記類和故事類。?傳記類文章在閱讀中時間是全文的關鍵，根據(jù)時間我們可以找到相關的事件，抓住文章的主要內容。故事類文章情節(jié)性較強，閱讀時要注意故事中的時間、地點、人物和發(fā)生的事件，這些都是文章中的主要內容和信息，對于準確理解文章十分重要。? 2.說明文 ? 說明文是對事物的形狀、性質、特征、成果或功用等進行介紹，解釋或闡述的文章。把握所說明事物的特征和本質是理解說明文的關鍵。說明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定義法、解釋法、比 較法、比喻法、數(shù)字法、圖表法、引用法和舉例? 法等。數(shù)字說明文? ?在閱讀數(shù)字說明文時要特別注意文中數(shù)字的含義，從這些數(shù)字中可

3、以找到文章的主要內容。? 解釋說明文? 解釋說明文著重說明事物的本質、特征和功用等。許多科普文章都屬于這一類。在閱讀這類文章時要學會解決what,?how,?why?等一類的問題。它們是文章的關鍵。如能帶著這些問題閱讀，將會更迅速抓住文章的主題。? 比較說明文? 比較說明文是通過對比方法說明問題。在閱讀這類文章時要善于把握全篇陳述的基本傾向。作者在談論一個有爭議的問題時總要顧及到爭議的各個方面。但是，在一般情況下，作者的陳述總要傾向于某一種觀點。? 3.應用文? 應用文涉及的范圍比較廣，包括廣告、通知、書信等。應用文一般語言簡潔，省略及不規(guī)范的句子較多。閱讀時一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信

4、息，并運用這些信息去解決問題。因此對題干的理解尤為重要。 閱讀理解的考題分為客觀理解題(是指在短文中客觀存在的事實，客觀信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的和主觀理解題(這類問題都不可能直接從原文中找到答案，須通過閱讀文章對文章主旨和深層含義有更深具體事實或抽象概念) 理解，并據(jù)此進行判斷和推理)。其中細節(jié)理解題和猜測詞義題屬于客觀題；主旨大意題和推理判斷題屬于主觀題。 .事實細節(jié)題 屬于細節(jié)類型的閱讀理解題一般只針對某個特定的細節(jié)，題型可以多種多樣。此類題型一般分兩種。第一種是直接理解題，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二種是詞義轉換題，正確選項是原文有關詞語和句子的轉換。做此類試題一

5、定要抓住事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、人物、發(fā)展過程和結局等環(huán)節(jié)，所選答案切不可望文生義。這類題型的主要提問方式常為： Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT discussed/mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? ? ?.All the following statements are NOT true exce

6、pt 細節(jié)題的破解一般采用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對有關信息進行快速定位，再將相關信息進行整合、甄別、分析、對比，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項，選出正確答案。尋讀法還特別適用于對圖形表格類題材的理解。做此類型的題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關系。英語中有許多功能詞，如：表因果關系的because, since, as等；表轉折關系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。 .猜測詞義題 要注意從以下七個方面著手： 1）根據(jù)定義或解釋、說明猜測生詞的詞義 在be，be called，call等判斷詞出現(xiàn)的判斷句中，或定語從句及標點符號，或同

7、位語部分，可以根據(jù)已知部分，猜測生詞的含義。例如： The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 2）根據(jù)對比關系猜測生詞的詞義 在but，however，yet，otherwise，though這些表示意義轉折的連詞出現(xiàn)的句子中，其前后的詞有明顯對比關系，根據(jù)已知的內容，通過這種對比關系，就很容易猜出生詞的詞義了。 例如： Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 3）通過因果關系猜測詞義 bec

8、ause, since與as是連接原因狀語從句的從屬連詞，so是連接表示結果的狀語從句的連詞，so.that與such.that中的that是連接結果狀語從句的。例如：She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 4）根據(jù)生活常識猜測詞義 運用邏輯推理能力，自身的生活經(jīng)驗及生活常識。再聯(lián)系上下文能讀懂的部分，可以正確猜出詞義。例如：Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 5）根據(jù)同等關系猜測詞義 同等關系，

9、指的是一個詞，一組詞或短語在句中作同一成分，而且它們的詞義都屬于同一范疇。明顯的標志是，這樣的詞組或短語中間常常用并列連詞and或or來連接。例如： At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 從“年齡42歲”以及與prime具有同等關系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年時期”。 6）根據(jù)列舉的事例猜測詞義 You can take any of the periodicals: “The World of English”. “Foreign Language Teaching in Sc

10、hools”, or “English Learning”. 從后面列舉的例子中，可以猜出periodical是“期刊，雜志”的意思。 7）根據(jù)構詞法知識猜測詞義： 派生，合成，轉化，縮略，知道詞根和前綴或后綴的意義，就可猜出組成的新詞詞義。 Remember?that?people?on?line?may?not?be?who?they?seem.? Because?you?cant?see?or?even?hear?the?person,?it?would?be?easy?for?someone?to?misrepresent?himself/herself.? .推理判斷題 在閱讀理解整

11、體語篇的同時，又要求對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點。不要主觀臆斷，憑空想象，任意發(fā)揮，而走入誤區(qū)。學會運用主題句去推測、揣摩文字背后作者的意圖， 運用歸納、對比、演繹技能，運用背景知識去挖掘文章深層含義，從而正確理解作者的言外之意，同時認真體會文章的語氣與感 情基調(如：否定、厭惡、反問、諷刺等)。這類試題常以如下句式發(fā)問： What can you conclude/ imply from this passage? Whats the authors attitude（態(tài)度）towards.? We can infer

12、/learn from the passage that. .主旨大意題 把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心；要求能較好地運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法解題，難度較大，屬于高層次題。 一般主旨大意題可以分為兩類： 1確定文章的標題和主題(title or topic) 標題位于文章之首，用來高度概括文章內容，點明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語，也可以是句子。要確定文章標題，首先，要在閱讀原文的基礎上，考慮標題是否與主題密切相關；其次，看標題是否能概括全文內容。不能只概括短文中的某些事實或細節(jié)；然后，要注意標題范圍不應太大或太小；最后，標題應簡練并能吸引讀者。即:1、獨 特新穎? 2、

13、概括性強 3、短小精煉。 常見的標題型題干： 1)?The best title/ headline for this passage might be_. 2)?The text (passage) could be entitled ?_. 3)?What is the best title for the passage? 4) Whats the topic of the article? 2.主題句（topic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea)的概括 一篇文章一般表達一個中心內容或主題。這個中心內容或主題通常用一個句子來概括。此句叫做主題句。一般來說，說明文和議論文

14、都有主題句，而且多位于文章的開頭，有時也位于文章的中間或末尾。但有時不能在文中直接找到主題句，要求讀者把握每段的主題句，弄清段于段之間邏輯關系的基礎上自己歸納總結。主題句必須能簡潔明了地概括全文的主要內容，具有高度的綜合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是對主題句的進一步解釋,說明,論證或擴展. 常見的主題句和主旨型題干： 1) What is the topic sentence of the passage? 2)?This article/text/passage mainly tells that _. 3) Which of the following gives a general

15、 idea of the passage? 4) Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? 閱讀水平的提高不是一兩天的閱讀就可以見效的。想要提高閱讀能力， 一是要培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀行為習慣；如：要用眼光看，不要用手指去點；要默讀，不要小聲讀。 二是要積累大量的詞匯，把閱讀中的高頻難詞熟記，每次閱讀后要整理好生詞，然后記住其意思。 三是要廣泛地做課后閱讀，堅持每天讀1-2篇文章。 四是不要一遇到生詞就查字典，要先猜其意義，等做完題目后再查字典，以免影響閱讀速度。 練習 CBAAB Sons Help Mr. Lang worked

16、 in a factory. As a driver, he was busy but he was paid much. His wife was an able woman and did allthe housework. When he came back, she took good care of him and he never did anything at home. So he had enough timewhen he had a holiday. A few friends of his liked gambling(賭博) and he learned it soo

17、n. So he was interested in itand hardly forgot anything except gambling. He lost all his money and later he began to sell the television, watchesand so on. His wife told him not to do it but he didnt listen to her. She had to tell the police. He and his friendswere punished for it. And he was hardly

18、 sent away. After he came out of lockup(拘留所), he hated her very much and thewoman had to leave him. It was New Years Day. Mr. Lang didnt go to work. He felt lonely and wanted to gamble again. He called his friendsand they came soon. But they were afraid the police would come. He told his five-year-o

19、ld son to go to find out if therewere the policemen outside. They waited for a long time and didnt think the police would come and began to gamble.Suddenly opened the door and in came a few policemen. “I saw there werent any policemen outside, daddy,” said the boy, “so I went to the crossing and ask

20、ed some to come.”1. Mr. Lang was paid much because _. A. he was a driver B. he worked in a factory C. he had a lot of work to do D. he had worked there for a long time 2. Mrs. Lang did all housework because _. A. she couldnt find any work B. she thought her husband was tired C. her husband spent all

21、 time in gambling D. she wouldnt stop her husband gambling 3. _, so he was put into lockup. A. Mr. Lang often gambled B. Mr. Lang was late for work C. Mr. Lang didnt help his wife at home D. Mr. Lang wasnt polite to the police 4. The woman had to leave Mr. Lang because _. A. he didnt love her any lo

22、nger B. he wouldnt stop gambling C. he had been put into lockup D. he was hardly sent away by the factory 5. Which of the following is right? A. The boy hoped his father to be put into lockup again. B. The boy thought his father needed some policemen. C. The boy hoped his father to stop gambling soo

23、n. D. The boy hoped his mother to come back DBDD ）2（ Students in many countries are learning English. Some of these students are small children. Others are teen-agers. Many are adults. Some learn at school, others by themselves. A few learn English by learning the language over the radio, on TV, or

24、in film. One must work hard to learn another language. Why do all these people want to learn English? It is difficult to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects required for study. They study their own language and maths and English: Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Many people learn English for their work. Many people learn English for their higher studies, because at college or university some of their books are in English. Other people learn English because they