主謂一致知識(shí)講解

1、謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。1. 語(yǔ)法一致的原則（1）以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù) 時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：He goes to school early every morning.The childre n are p layi ng outside.To work hard is n ecessary for a stude nt.（2）由and或bothand連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Both he and I are rig

2、ht.Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.但并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The p oet and writer has come.（3）由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)之前如果分別由each, every修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive educati on.Each man and ea

3、ch woma n is asked to help.（4）主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí)，盡管后面跟有but ,except, besides, with等介詞短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。例如：The teacher with his stude nts is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.（5）一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如peopie, police, cattle, clothes等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：A lo

4、t of people are dancing outside.The p olice are look ing for lost boy.（6）由each, some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。 例如:Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.（7）有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，女0 glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Where are my shoes? I can t find them.Your tro

5、users are dirty. You d better cha nge them.如果這類名詞前用了 a pair of等，則往往用作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于 pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Here are some new p airs of shoes.My new p air of socks is on the bed.2. 意義一致的原則（1）表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如:Twenty years is not a long time.Ten dollars is too dear.（2）有些集合名詞，如family, team等

6、作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單 數(shù)；如指其中每個(gè)成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：My family is big one.My family are watch ing TV.（3）不定代詞由all, most, more, some, an y, none 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，也要依這些代詞表示的意 義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：All of the work has bee n fini shed.All of the people have gone.（4）疑問(wèn)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也有兩種情

7、況：主語(yǔ)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 復(fù)數(shù)；主語(yǔ)表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：Who is your brother?Who are League members?of后面的名詞（5） “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要以 而定。名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：名詞是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are wome n.Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.（6）half, the rest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果所

8、指為復(fù)數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.Only ten stude nts atte nded the class because all the rest were off sick.（7）由what引導(dǎo)地主于從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容 為復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：What she said is correct.What she left me are a few old books.（8）凡是以“

9、定冠詞+形容詞（或分詞）”作主語(yǔ)，往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果這種主語(yǔ)指的是一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果指的是一個(gè)人或抽 象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The sick have bee n cured and the lost have bee n found.The dead is a famous person.3. 鄰近一致的原則（1）由連詞 or, eitheror, neithernor, not only but also,等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。例如：Either you or I am right.Neither the childre n nor the teacher knows anything about it.(2)在“ There be”句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。There are two apples and one egg in it.(3) as