FCE常用從句(1)(最新整理)

1、1. 現(xiàn)在時的時間從句口語中常用fce 常用從句as soon as .do/does., .will/wont do.一.就.when.do/does., .will/wont do.當(dāng)., .do/does.before .do/does.在.之前.will/wont do. before. do/does. 在.之前eg. i eat breakfast before i go to school.i wont get married before i graduate from college.注意：時間狀語從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句可以使用一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r-其他的從句引導(dǎo)詞【用法同上

2、】by the time.直到. ill do homework by the time we go home. until.到. i will wait until you arrive.once.一旦. once you open it, you must finish eating it in one day. after.在.之后 after i eat breakfast, i will go to school.the next time. 下一次. bring some money the next time you come here.2. 過去時的時間從句故事寫作中常用whi

3、le/as.was/were doing., .did.when .did., .was/were doing.eg. while randy was taking a shower, hank called him.when randy came out of the shower, hank was crying on the floor.after.had done., .did. 在.結(jié)束后，.才發(fā)生before.did., .had done. 在.發(fā)生前,.已經(jīng)結(jié)束了by the time.did., .had done. 到.結(jié)束的時候，.已經(jīng)結(jié)束了eg. after i had

4、 told a joke, everyone laughed.before randy laughed, hank had beaten himself.by the time hank beat himself, randy had gone to the toilet. after .had been doing., .did. 在.持續(xù)一段時間后, .發(fā)生了before/by the time.did., .had been doing. 在.發(fā)生之前/到.發(fā)生的時候, .持續(xù)了一段時間eg. after i had been working as a teacher for a whi

5、le , i realized it was the perfect job for me.before i got any recognition(認可), i had been working really hard.cleft sentence分裂句-we use it to emphasize a part in the sentence 用來強調(diào)句子中的某個部分it is+強調(diào)部分+ that +句子剩余部分 現(xiàn)在時的句子 it was+強調(diào)部分+ that+句子剩余部分 過去時的句子【注意：強調(diào)部分如果是人，可以用 who 代替 that】eg. he took part in t

6、he singing competition last year.-it was last year that he took part in the singing competition.3. 結(jié)果狀語從句口語和寫作中均常用too+adj./adv. (+for sb to do)太.而不能.eg. you are too old to play hide-and-seek.adj./adv. enough (+for sb to do)足夠.而能.enough+n.足夠的.eg. her hands are small enough to wear that pair gloves.he

7、 has enough money to buy whatever he wants.so+adj./adv.+that+句子如此.以至于.eg.he is so crazy that no one talks to him.-so many+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that+句子如此多的.以至于.-so much+不可數(shù)名詞+that+句子如此多的.以至于.eg. there are so many people in the world that we can barely feed everyone.he has drunk too much water that he keeps on going

8、to the toilet.such+ n.+ that +句子如此.以至于.eg. he is such a naive(天真的) person that he literally believes anything he is told.such a/an+adj. + that +句子-such a lot of+名詞+that+句子“如此多的.”-such a long time如此長的時間-such a long way 如此長的路程eg. tennis is so interesting that i get excited whenever i play it. = tennis

9、 is such an interesting sport that i get excited whenever i play it.4. 定語從句 寫作&口語中常用&英語應(yīng)用中常考relative clause定語從句-defining clause限定性定語從句功能：修飾限定所修飾名詞-去掉后句意不完整1) 指人名詞+who/that+動詞指人名詞 (+who/that)+主語+及物動詞eg. i like the girl who/that speaks english fluently. 使用 girl 發(fā)出的動作修飾限定 girli know the person (who/tha

10、t) you just talked to. 使用 person 所承受的動作修飾限定 person2) 指物名詞+which/that+動詞指物名詞 (+which/that) +主語+及物動詞eg. i like to read the book which/that tells us about harry potter. 使用 book 發(fā)出的動詞修飾限定 booki have read the book (which/that) he borrowed from the library.3) 地點名詞+where+sb do sth“一個某人做某事的地方”eg. school is

11、a place where we study.地點名稱+where + there is/are+名詞“一個有著.的地方”eg. school is a place where there are lots of students and teachers.地點名詞+where+不含有地點介詞的句子4) 時間名詞+when+ sb do sth“一個某人做某事的時間” -常用來修飾限定節(jié)日eg. birthday is the time when we have a birthday party.時間名詞+when+不含有時間介詞的句子5) 名詞 1+ whose+ 名詞 2+ 動詞名詞 1+

12、whose+名詞 2+ 主語+及物動詞【名詞 2 屬于名詞 1】名詞+whose+名詞的所有物+.eg. randy whose voice is loud studies in my class.the gardener whose son i taught works in my garden.6) 介詞+whom+ .介詞+which+.注意：介詞后-指人用 whom；指物用-which eg. this is the boy to whom i was talking.=this is the boy who i was talking to.i read the book with

13、which he taught us.=this is the book which he taught us with.-non-defining clause 非限定性定語從句-they add information to the previous noun 補充說明前面的名詞-if they are taken away, the meaning of the sentence is not influenced 去掉后，句意仍然完整-they are separated from the noun by a comma 和被修飾名詞由逗號隔開-only that cant be us

14、ed in non-defining clause, the rest of the linking device can be used 除了 that 以外其他引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句的詞均能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句eg. my mother, who has been working as a nurse for 20 years, is very patient. 去掉who 引導(dǎo)的從句，句意仍然明確-non-defining clausemy mother is the woman who created the new teaching method . 去掉who 引導(dǎo)的從句，句意不明確-

15、defining clause-additional clause 補充性從句句子，which. 使用 which 從句評價前面的事情eg. he has read several books related to this area before, which makes it easier for himto learn this course.he likes camping a lot, which is a good thing actually.today is sunny, which means we could finally go hiking.常用的補充性從句句子，whi

16、ch is.句子，which means that.句子，which makes it +adj. + for sb to do5. 被動轉(zhuǎn)述結(jié)構(gòu)寫作第一部分加分句型-passive report structure 被動轉(zhuǎn)述結(jié)構(gòu) “據(jù)說.; 據(jù)報道.”-we use this structure to report what we read, what we heard, what is said by someone else 用此結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)述我們讀到的、聽到的內(nèi)容-it is said that +轉(zhuǎn)述內(nèi)容be said to do; be said to have done-it is k

17、nown that +轉(zhuǎn)述內(nèi)容be known to do; be known to have done-it is reported that +轉(zhuǎn)述內(nèi)容be reported to do; be reported to have done-it is thought that +轉(zhuǎn)述內(nèi)容be thought to do; be thought to have done-it is believed that +轉(zhuǎn)述內(nèi)容be believed to do; be believed to have done -it is considered that +轉(zhuǎn)述內(nèi)容be considered t

18、o do; be considered to have doneeg. it is said that buying things online is not so safe. 據(jù)說網(wǎng)購不太安全it is reported that many people got deceived( 被 騙 ) when they shopped online. 據(jù)報道很多人在網(wǎng)購時被騙6. 目的狀語從句 寫作&口語中均常用-purpose.in order to do/ so as to do為了做.in order not to do/ so as not to do 為了不做.eg. people pa

19、y extra for insurance(保險) in order not to be deceived.i talk to the owner in order to know the size.in order that+句子為了.so that +含有情態(tài)動詞的句子為了.eg. discounts are given in order that more customers are attracted.i mailed this in the morning so that it could arrive tomorrow.7. 轉(zhuǎn)折狀語從句寫作&口語中均常用contrast link

20、s 轉(zhuǎn)折連詞even though +句子 1，句子 2.雖然.,但是.although+句子 1，句子 2.雖然.,但是.句子 1 和句子 2 內(nèi)容對立even if +句子 1， 句子 2.第一條件句的主句和從句內(nèi)容對立雖然.，但是.eg. even if i have time, i wont go to your party. -future possibility 【主從對立的條件句】even though he was free, he didnt come to my party. -what actually happened【事實-轉(zhuǎn)折從句】句子 1，but+句子 2雖然.,

21、 但是.句子 1. however, 句子 2.雖然., 但是.句子 1 和句子 2 內(nèi)容對立句子 1，whereas/while +句子 2.,然而.句子 1 和句子 2 形成對比eg. my sister is good at swimming, whereas i cant swim at all.-注意：當(dāng)我們從一個角度比較兩個東西或兩個人的時候使用 whereas/whiledespite the fact that+句子 1，句子 2盡管.despite the fact that=althougheg. despite the fact that there are lots o

22、f environmental conservation( 保 護 ) policies, people seldom pay attention to them.in spite of +n./doing., 句子盡管.despite+n./doing., 句子盡管.eg. in spite of the heavy rain, they went out.despite the high price, he bought two of them.-he is a good person.-he is poor.使用 despite 連接兩個句子因為 despite 后只能加 doing 形

23、式的結(jié)構(gòu)或名詞-所以若想將 he is a good person.放在despite 后，必須將 he is a good person.改成 doing 形式he is a good person-is a good person-be a good person-being a good person despite being a good person, he is poor.7. 原因狀語從句口語和寫作中均常用because+句子，.in view of the fact that+ 句 子 ,. the reason why+句子+is that+句子8. 條件狀語從句 寫作&口

24、語中的加分句型conditional clauses條件句從句（if.）主句（main clause）zero conditional描述客觀事實do/doesdo/doeseg. if we heat ice, it melts.first conditional描述未來可能性do/doeswill/wont do;情態(tài)動詞+doeg. if i have time, i will call her.second conditional對現(xiàn)實的假設(shè)給出建議was/were/didwould/wouldnt doeg.if i had enough money, i would buy two

25、 books.假設(shè) if i were you, i would take the job.建議third conditional對過去事實的假設(shè)had donehad beenwould have donewouldnt have doneeg. if randy hadnt been so naughty, he wouldnt havebeen punished by teacher.mixed conditional混合型條件句.was/were/did.would have done wouldnthave donehad done/had beenwould/wouldnt doe

26、g. if i knew his number, i would have called him already.if i had listened to the teacher, i wouldnt fail the test now.注意：if 后使用 were 正式（不論什么人稱）；使用 was-一般都只在口語中9. 虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)聽力?？紡?fù)合句；寫作&口語的加分句型 i wish. 和 if only.i wish.“我希望”if only. “要是.就好了”-對現(xiàn)實的不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望i wish/ if only +一般過去時的句子eg. i wish randy was not so naughty. -the truth is randy is so naughty and i want it to be different.-表達對過去發(fā)生過某事情的悔意i wish/if only + had/hadnt doneeg. i wish he hadnt left this company.= he left the company and i feel s