高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 語法強(qiáng)攻 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,考點(diǎn)歸納,will, would 1)用于表示意志或意愿。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。 e.g. I will never do that again. They said that they would help us. 2)表示“請(qǐng)求；建議”。用would比will委婉、客氣些。 e.g. Will you please take a message for him? Would you please pass him the book,1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法,3) 表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，“總是”“慣于”，will指現(xiàn) 在，would指過去。 e.g. Fish will di

2、e without water. 4) 表示預(yù)料或猜想。 e.g. It would be about ten when he left home. 5) 表示規(guī)律性的“注定”用will。 e.g. People will die without water or air,can, could 1) 表示能力。 e.g. My grandma is well over eighty, but she can read without glasses. 2) 表示客觀可能性。 e.g. Accidents can happen to any drunken driver. 3) 表示請(qǐng)求和允許。

3、 e.g. Can I have a look at your design? Yes, of course you can,4) 表示驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。（主要用于否定句，疑問句和驚嘆句）。 e.g. What can he be doing at this time of night? 5) 表示請(qǐng)求，口語中常用could代替can, 使語氣更委婉。 e.g. Could you please help me with this furniture,may, might 1) 表示允許、許可。否定回答時(shí)，一般用mustnt，“禁止、阻止”。 e.g. May I watch TV a

4、fter supper? Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. 2) 表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)，might比may的語氣更委婉；用May I？征詢對(duì)方許可在語氣上比較客氣；用Can I？征詢對(duì)方意見更常見。 e.g. Might I use your telephone? Yes, please. May / Can I go home now? Yes, you may / can,3) 表示可能性的推測(cè)，“或許，可能”，用might代替may時(shí)，語氣顯得更加不肯定，用于陳述句中。 e.g. It may be true. She may e tomorrow. He mi

5、ght have some fever. 4) may用于祈使句中表示祝愿。 e.g. May you succeed,must 1) 表示“必須；應(yīng)該”。以must開頭的問句，否定回答常用neednt或dont have to，肯定回答用must。 e.g. You must e to school on time. 2) 表示有把握的推測(cè)，只用于肯定句中。 e.g. You must be ill. I can see it from your face. 3) 表示“非要；偏要”。 e.g. They are sleeping. Must you play the piano at th

6、is time,have to 表示“必須；不得不”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要， 有時(shí)態(tài)，人稱的變化。 e.g. I cant see things clearly. I have to wear glasses,shall 1) 用于第一人稱，表示征求對(duì)方的意見。 e.g. What shall we do next？ 2) 用于第一、三人稱的疑問句，表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。 e.g. Shall we begin our lesson? Shall the driver wait？ 3) 用于第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾和威脅。 e.g. You shall

7、go with me. He shall be punished,should 1) 表示勸告或建議，“應(yīng)該”。 e.g. We should be strict with ourselves. 2) 表示推測(cè)，“可能”或“應(yīng)該”。 e.g. They should have arrived by two oclock. 3) 用于第一人稱表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。 e.g. I should advise you not to do that. You are mistaken, I should say,4) 用在if條件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能。 e.g.

8、Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. 5) Why / how + should，表示意外，驚異，“竟會(huì)”。 e.g. Why should you be so late today,need 表示“需要；必要”，用于否定句、疑問句中，只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其他時(shí)態(tài)用have to的相應(yīng)形式代替。 e.g. You neednt ask him the question. Need I finish the work before ten,dare 表示“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用于肯定句(I dare say除外)。 e

9、.g. Dare you go alone there? The boy darent say so before the teacher. How dare he do such a thing,ought to 1) 表示“應(yīng)該”。 e.g. You ought to take care of him. 2) 表示推測(cè)。 e.g. He ought to be home by now,used to 表示過去常常(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再)。 e.g. There used to be a temple here. had better 表示“最好”。 e.g. You had better fini

10、sh it now,注意】 could, should, might不一定與過去時(shí)間 有關(guān), 而是表示可能性弱于與其相應(yīng)的 現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式; should/ought to表示推測(cè)時(shí), 表示確定或 可能性大的合乎理想的情況或結(jié)果,need和dare用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí), 有詞形變化, 變成否定句、疑問句時(shí), 要加助動(dòng)詞。如： You dont need to do it yourself. We should dare to give our own opinion,2. 表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的層次比較 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的“推測(cè)”功能。如：can, could, may, might, must皆可表示推測(cè)，使用

11、時(shí)要 注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1) 注意語氣。語氣較強(qiáng)用must, cannot, couldnt; 語氣較弱用may, might或can, could。 2) 注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may, might, must; 在否定句、疑問句中常用can, could,3) 注意時(shí)態(tài)。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測(cè)，此時(shí)通常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)； 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)，通常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行體”結(jié)構(gòu)； 表示對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)，通常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成體”結(jié)構(gòu),3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done must have done 表示對(duì)過去情況的肯定推測(cè)。 may / might have

12、 done 表示過去可能發(fā)生過某事。 3) could have done 表示過去可能發(fā)生，但并未發(fā)生，含有埋怨或訓(xùn)斥之意；也可表示對(duì)過去可能發(fā)生的事情的一種推測(cè),4) should / ought to have done 表示過去本該做（某事）而事實(shí)上未做；should not / ought not to have done表示過去本不該做（某事）但事實(shí)上卻做了，含有批評(píng)、責(zé)備之意。 5) need have done 表示過去本來有必要去做（某事），但事實(shí)上沒有做；need not have done表示過去本沒有必要做（某事），但事實(shí)上做了,4. 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法 1) ca

13、nnot/cant 與too/over/enough/perfectly/ sufficiently等詞連用，“越越”“無論怎樣，也不為過” “決不會(huì)，夠(過,2) cannot wait to do sth. “急于做某事”。 3) may/might well動(dòng)詞原形 “理應(yīng)，有足夠的理由”； may/might as well動(dòng)詞原形 “還不如，不妨，還是的好,4) must “偏要，硬要”； can用在肯定句中， 可以表示客觀上的可能性； shall用在法律、條約、協(xié)定等文件中可以表示義務(wù)、規(guī)定等；should表示估計(jì)或推測(cè)上的“應(yīng)該”，“可能，該，估計(jì)，按理應(yīng)當(dāng)”； will可以表示

14、習(xí)慣性和傾向性，“慣于，老是，終歸是”等,5) can/could與be able to辨析 時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can只有兩種時(shí)態(tài)形式, 現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could, be able to有多種時(shí)態(tài)形式,語境結(jié)果區(qū)別 could可以表示過去的能力, was/were able to表示經(jīng)過一番努力后取得了成功, 相當(dāng)于manage to do或succeed in doing, 而could沒有這個(gè)含義,1. Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. Do you mean we _ bring anything with us? A.

15、cant B. mustnt C. shant D. neednt,2. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food. A. might B. would C. should D. could 3. Ive ordered some pizza, so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. cant B. dare not C. neednt D. may not,4. They were abroad during the months whe

16、n we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ to our help. A. would have e B. could e C. have e D. had e 5. Life is unpredictable; even the poorest _ bee the richest. A. shall B. must C. need D. might,鞏固練習(xí),1. As good friends, you _ us about your trouble earlier. If so, all of us could have giv

17、en you a hand. A. should tell B. might tell C. might have told D. should have told 2. According to school rules, all the students _ do sports for at least one hour every day during school time. A. might B. shall C. may D. need,選擇填空,3. Artistic people can be very difficult to get on with sometimes. W

18、ell, you _ know you married one. A. can B. might C. need D. should 4. You _ be so upset about the result. Keep working hard and you will do better next time. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. wont,5. I have something important to tell John. But I cant find him. His cell phone is here, so he _ have gone

19、 too far. A. mustnt B. neednt C. wouldnt D. cant 6. Those smokers must be aware of the harm that secondary smoking _ cause to people around them. A. may B. must C. should D. need,從方框內(nèi)選用合適的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞并用其正確 形式填空 （包括否定形式）。 1. Is David ing by train? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. 2. No read

20、er _ remove a book from the library without the permission of the librarian. 3. The girl _ be Mary shes in New York,can, shall, may, should, need, must,may,shall,cant,4. That the well-dressed young man _ speak to you like that is quite astonishing. 5._ I finish the job right now? Yes, you must. 6.Mu

21、st we hand in our exercise books today? No, you _. 7. Havent you seen the sign “No parking” here? Cars _ be parked here,should,Need,neednt,mustnt,8. Shall I inform her of the change of the meeting right now? I am afraid you _, in case he es late for the meeting. 9. _ you be interested, Ill tell you the whole story. 1