高考英語(yǔ)母題題源系列 專(zhuān)題13 閱讀理解（說(shuō)明文）（含解析）

1、母題十三閱讀理解（說(shuō)明文） 【母題來(lái)源一】【2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I】【母題原題】【2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I】DThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsm

2、aybemadetofilleverygap(間隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingapersonsneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneofthesecultures

3、isspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthattheperson wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationsh

4、ips of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that pers

5、on by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their p

6、atients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the

7、 care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culture-specific.D. It is content-based.33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.

8、The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.B. Break it while treating patients.C. Evaluate its harm to patients.D. Make use of its healing effects.35. What may be the best title for th

9、e text?A. Sound and SilenceB. What It Means to Be SilentC. Silence to Native AmericansD. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold【答案】32-35.C A D B33.A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中 what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing可知中國(guó)人認(rèn)為談話時(shí)人們的沉默是在思考談話內(nèi)容。34.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)末

10、段末句A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知，作者建議護(hù)士要利用沉默的好處來(lái)護(hù)理病人。故選D 。35.B主旨要義題。文章主要介紹了在不同文化背景下談話期間的沉默的不同含義，由此判斷B選項(xiàng)可以概括文章內(nèi)容。故選B 。考點(diǎn)：社會(huì)生活類(lèi)短文閱讀 【母題來(lái)源二】【2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)II】【母題原題】【2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)II】CReading can be a social activity. Think of

11、the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identificat

12、ion number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people y

13、ou meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.” Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought

14、of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “r

15、eal” and not the virtual(虛擬). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A. To explain what they are. B.To introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading. D. To encour

16、age readers to share their ideas.10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to? A. The book. B.An adventure. C.A public place. D. The identification number.11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it? A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B.Keep it safe in his bookcase

17、. C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner.12. What is the best title for the text? A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books【答案】9. B 10. A11. C 12. D 10.A 代詞指代題。根據(jù)本句“.hoping t

18、hat the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”那些留下書(shū)的人希望自己的書(shū)能夠隨著找到它的人走得更遠(yuǎn)。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。故A正確。11.C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句“.the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home”讓書(shū)蒙上塵土是一種很自私的行為，網(wǎng)站BookCross

19、的目的正是鼓勵(lì)人們與別人分享圖書(shū)，所以拿到書(shū)的人最可能繼續(xù)把書(shū)傳遞下去。故C項(xiàng)正確。12.D 標(biāo)題概括題。根據(jù)文章第三段可知BookC把人生命中最重要的兩個(gè)事物：人和書(shū)聯(lián)系在一起。D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容能夠涵蓋文章的中心思想?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本文考查了代詞指代題。根據(jù)本句“.hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”留下書(shū)的人希望自己的書(shū)能夠隨著找到它的人走得更遠(yuǎn)。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the bo

20、ok”。閱讀的時(shí)候我們可以根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇：文章中的代詞it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，要認(rèn)真查找；有時(shí)需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事。例如：However,thequestionthatmoonpeopleaskedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.首先，it指上句中的thequestion，而thequestion又指上一段中“月球人”所提的問(wèn)題

21、，所以要經(jīng)過(guò)兩次查找才能選出答案。考點(diǎn)：考查說(shuō)明文閱讀【命題意圖】閱讀理解從能力的角度來(lái)講，考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力，具體地說(shuō)，就是通過(guò)閱讀有關(guān)文章提取有用信息的能力。【考試方向】閱讀理解所選的語(yǔ)段包括敘述文、說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文和議論文，繼續(xù)保持了體裁的多樣化特點(diǎn)。選材多源于英文報(bào)刊和網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體，包括廣告應(yīng)用文、日常生活、新聞報(bào)道、社會(huì)背景、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、科普文章等各個(gè)方面的知識(shí)，并且具有鮮明的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文化特點(diǎn)和濃厚的時(shí)代氣息。綜合地反映了政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和生活的各個(gè)方面，體現(xiàn)了“語(yǔ)言是文化的載體”這一重要理念；從題型的角度看，閱讀題型主要有、細(xì)節(jié)理解型、主旨大意型、詞義猜測(cè)型、推理判斷型、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)型、細(xì)

22、節(jié)理解型?！镜梅忠c(diǎn)】從解題方法的角度講，根據(jù)不同的題材和體裁，結(jié)合閱讀的題型特點(diǎn)，采用不同的閱讀方法，但不論怎樣，理解文章的內(nèi)容的前提。從題型的角度看，閱讀題型主要有、細(xì)節(jié)理解型、主旨大意型、詞義猜測(cè)型、推理判斷型、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)型、細(xì)節(jié)理解型?！灸割}1】【廣東省汕頭市金山中學(xué)2016屆高三上學(xué)期期末考試】“Cant hold a candle to” is a popular expressionWhen there wasnt electricity, someone would have a servant light his way by holding a candleThe expre

23、ssion meant that the person who cannot hold a candle to you is not fit even to be your servantNow，it means such a person cannot compare or competeAnother expression is“hold your tongue”It means to be still and not talk“Hold your tongue”is not something you would tell a friendBut a parent or teacher

24、might use the expression to quiet a noisy child“Hold out”is an expression one hears often in sports reports and labor newsIt means to refuse to play or workProfessional football and baseball players“hold out” if their team refuses to pay them what they think they are worthThe expression“hold up” has

25、 several different meaningsOne is a robberyA man with a gun may say,“This is a hold upGive me your money”Another meaning is to delayA driver who was held up by heavy traffic might be late for workAnother meaning is for a story to be considered true after an investigationA story can hold up if it is

26、proved true“Hold on”is another expression，which means wait or stopAs you leave for school，your brother may say,“Hold on，you forgot your book” It is used to ask a telephone caller to wait and not hang up his telephoneOur final expression is“hold the line”That means to keep a problem or situation from

27、 getting worseto hold steadyFor example，the president may say he will“hold the line on taxes”He means there will be no increase in taxes4. The expression“cant hold a candle to”can be used when _ A. some footballers refuse to play a gameB. someone else is wanted on the phoneC. someone is not qualifie

28、d for a positionD. someone was delayed by heavy traffic5. The tune of the phrase“hold your tongue”is probably a little _ A. amusing B. polite C. unfriendly D. offensive6. If some teachers“hold out”，they probably _ A. change their attitude B. refuse to workC. make a compromise D. show their devotion7

29、. Which of the following sentences can convey positive meanings? A. I was late as I was held up by a hold upB. Hold on! You have to pay the bill，sirC. You cant even hold a candle to MichaelD. I promise to hold the line on house prices【答案】 4C5C6B7D【解析】試題分析：本文屬于文化類(lèi)說(shuō)明文，介紹了英語(yǔ)中幾個(gè)常用的短語(yǔ)，介紹了每個(gè)短語(yǔ)的內(nèi)在含義和具體使用語(yǔ)境

30、并舉例進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。4.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段后2行The expression meant that the person who cannot hold a candle to you is not fit even to be your servantNow，it means such a person cannot compare or compete這個(gè)短語(yǔ)是指那些不會(huì)給你拿蠟燭的人是不適合做你的仆人的，也就是說(shuō)這樣的人是不合格的。故該短語(yǔ)是指C項(xiàng)含義?？键c(diǎn)：考查說(shuō)明文閱讀【母題2】【山東省日照市第一中學(xué)2016屆高三上學(xué)期期末考試】Move over Psy. Theres a n

31、ew viral music video on the Internet thats getting millions of people dancing and laughing. Psy is a singer who created Gagnam Style, a music video which featured a catchy tune and interesting dance. The new music video called The Fox (What does the fox say?) has recently gone viral. At 123 000 000

32、views, it may even catch up to Gagnam Style. The video asks the question, “What does the fox say?” Its a good question. And it seems, at least according to the music video, there is no good answer. Actors in the video dress up like the animals theyre singing about. One of the brothers dresses up lik

33、e a fox. There is a surprising and silly dance in the video that takes the viewer a bit off-guard. The videos appeal is the songs simple rhythm and catchy chorus (副歌). The makers of the video never expected the video to do well or even to be taken seriously. In fact, it started out as a joke. The so

34、ng was written by two brothers from Norway, Vegard and Bard Ylvis ker. The brothers have their own late-night talk show in Norway. They thought the video would be so bad that it would give them something to talk about on their show.Z-x-x-k.Com On their website, they say the video was “supposed to en

35、tertain a few Norwegians for three minutes and thats all.” But people started loving it. Some people say that once you listen to the delightfully silly song, you want to listen to it again and again. The brothers have been guests on some major North American talk shows. They say theyre happy about the success of their video, but they know that tomorrow something else could come along and be even bigger.32. What can be learnt about the music video invented by Psy?A. It featured the traditional style of Korean music.B. It was difficult for people to follo