老人身體健康的注意事項

1、和平積極的心態(tài)：老人身體健康的源泉Physical Health Through Mental Health for the Elderly,中國內(nèi)地十大老年慢性病Top 10 Chronic Diseases in Chinese Elderly (Mainland,10種與心理-行為因素有密切關(guān)系的慢性病Chronic Diseases with psychological-behavioral status (PBS) as etiological or exacerbating factor,心理健康和身體健康Mental Health and Physical Health,A so

2、und mind in a sound body(健全的精神寓于健全的身體) More people are sick because they are unhappy than unhappy because they are sick. (比起那些因患病而心情不舒暢的人來說,有更多人是因心情不舒暢而患病,心理因素的病理生理效應(yīng)Pathophysiological effects of psychological status,On arteriosclerosis (對動脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生和發(fā)展的影響) Sudden and transient stressful events involve

3、 with the dysfunction of endothelium and the adhesion of the platelets 短暫的應(yīng)激事件與內(nèi)皮功能不良及血小板粘附有關(guān) Phobia might be associated with the development of acute myocardial infarct. 恐怖癥與急性心肌梗死發(fā)生和發(fā)展有關(guān) Depression will enhance the painful and distress feeling of the patients with chronic diseases 抑郁加重慢性病疼痛和不適的感覺,

4、心理因素與免疫功能Immunity Function and Psychological status,情緒抑郁會抑制免疫系統(tǒng)功能，使抑郁者抵抗力降低，易患某些感染性疾病，如感冒 Depression inhibits immunological system. A person with depression might be susceptible to some infections, e.g. common cold. (Berkow et al. 1999) 情緒的改善（尤其歡樂、滿足感）能加強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)的功能，促進(jìn)癌癥等的康復(fù)。 A better mood improves the

5、function of immunological system, e.g. in anticancer (Levy et al. 1998,生活不過于緊張，情緒不過于激動，有助于加強(qiáng)免疫機(jī)制，（應(yīng)激能降低免疫系統(tǒng)功能） A lifestyle with less emotional tension and agitation is helpful for enhancing immunological mechanism 心理和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)、免疫系統(tǒng)的細(xì)胞之間，通過生量信息相互影響，通過“心理神經(jīng)免疫學(xué)”的研究，將能更多揭示心理狀態(tài)通過神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的中介而影響免疫系統(tǒng)功能。 A new

6、branch of science psychoneuroimmunology. PNI. will reveal the interaction and effects between psychological status and immunological responses through neurohoumonal mechanism,慢性病者常有的負(fù)性心理和情緒Negative psychological profiles commonly seen in patients with chronic diseases,以心理健康促進(jìn)身體健康,幫助和鼓勵慢性病者不僅注意增進(jìn)身體上的

7、健康，也要注意增進(jìn)心理上的健康，而且要善于以心理上的健康促進(jìn)身體上的健康。 People with Chronic Diseases should make their best to improve mental health as well as physical health. Everybody should try to facilitate physical health with mental health,改善心理狀態(tài)促進(jìn)心理健康的六大措施Ten steps towards mental health,1. 松弛療法 Relaxation therapy 2. 應(yīng)激控制 Man

8、agement of stress 3. 心理輔導(dǎo) Psychology counseling 4. 行為及性格改變 Modification of personality 5. 社會支持 Social support 6. 藥物治療 Medication,松弛療法Relaxation Therapy,1.運動松弛法 exercise (Tai Chi, walking, swimming) 2.按摩松弛法 massage (self-massage, sedative, therapeutic massage) 3.氣功松弛法 Chi Kung, Transcendental meditat

9、ion 4.音樂松弛法 Music Therapy (sedative, anxiolytic, relaxing) 5.溫浴松弛法 Hydrotherapy (warm spa,6. 文娛松弛法 recreation (dancing, hiking, relaxing sports) 7.書畫松弛法 calligraphy and painting 8.作業(yè)松弛法 occupational therapy (arts and crafts) 9.度假松弛法 Resort vacation 10.飲食松弛法 Herbal food therapy (sedative,應(yīng)激控制Stress C

10、ontrol,1. “Escape”from the stressor 離開應(yīng)激原(人、地、事) (stressful event, daily hassel, unpleasant environment) 2. Speak it out, 說出煩惱、不滿、焦慮(to make adequate emotional expression) 3. Relaxation technique, e.g. Relaxed Kung Fu (RKF) (Chi Kung)練習(xí)松靜功及其他，松弛療法 RKF=Relaxed positioning + relaxed breathing + relaxe

11、d mind (靜身+靜息+靜心) 4. Seek for assistance to discuss and solve the problem尋求援助減壓（向親友、同事、有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu),心理輔導(dǎo)Psychological Counseling,1. Explaining the disease/injury, implication, prognosis. 2. Answering the questions raised by the clients. 3. Giving advice on modifying lifestyle. 4. Giving advice on behavioral

12、 adjustment,性格及行為改變Modification of Personality and Behavior,以弛代張 Do be relaxed instead of being tensed up 以靜代躁 Do be calm instead of being nervous 以緩代急 Do be at ease instead of being in a hurry 以穩(wěn)代亂 Do be steady instead of being disorderly 以適代全 Do be satisfied with adequate performance instead of pursuing completeness,社會支持Social Support,來自家庭、朋友、同事和社會的心理支持（關(guān)心、勸導(dǎo)、鼓勵），對緩解輕至中度抑郁狀態(tài)，有良好的效果。 社會支持對改變不良生活方式，從而改善心理狀態(tài)，減輕疾病危險，有重要意義。 Social support from family, colleagues, friends has positive effects on reducing mild depression and quitting bad lifestyle habits,藥物調(diào)整心態(tài)Medication,用于已有明顯抑郁癥、焦慮