被動語態(tài)語法知識系統(tǒng)歸納

1、被動語態(tài)語法知識系統(tǒng)歸納定義（1）英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。（2）被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般來說，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。（3）被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。（4）疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。類型主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時amisaredo/doesamisare+done一般將來時willbe going tobe (about)to+dowill+be+done一般過去時wasweredidwaswere+done現(xiàn)在進行時amisare+doingamisare+being+d

2、one過去進行時waswere+doingwaswere+being+done現(xiàn)在完成時havehas+donehavehas+been+done過去完成時had+donehad+been+done情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+V.情態(tài)動詞+be+done過去將來時would/should +V.would/should be + done一般類型1、一般現(xiàn)在時：主：We believe him.被：He is believed by us.2、一般過去時：主：He bought his children some pens.被：Some pens were bought for his children

3、 by him.3、一般將來時：主：Everyone will know the truth soon .被：The truth will be known by everyone.4、現(xiàn)在進行時：主動：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.被動：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.5、過去進行時：主：They were ca

4、rrying the hurt player.被：The hurt player was being carried by them .6、現(xiàn)在完成時：主：He has received the letter.被：The letter has been received by him.7、過去完成時：主：They had built ten bridges.被：Ten bridges had been built by them特殊類型1、疑問句和否定句的被動語態(tài)What kind of device is needed to make the control system simple?My

5、 car was not repaired yesterday.2、含情態(tài)動詞和助動詞等的被動態(tài)帶情態(tài)動詞和助動詞等的被動態(tài)如何處理比較復(fù)雜，要隨新的主語來變化。主動：We shall not use the washing machine again.被動：The washing machine will not be used again.主動：We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.被動：More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion.3.含情態(tài)動詞的疑問句和否定句的被動語態(tài)Mus

6、t this work be done at once？Should your homework be finished before six？When must this work be done？This dustbin shouldnt be put here4、It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+過去分詞+that從句”或“主語+be+過去分詞+to do sth.”。有：It is said that據(jù)

7、說It is reported that據(jù)報道It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well-known that眾所周知It is thought that大家認為It is suggested that據(jù)建議主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)特殊句型1.如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，直接賓語（物）作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him.He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me

8、 by him.My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father.2.一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應(yīng)當看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us.He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The si

9、ck man is being taken care of by the nurse.3. 當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.主動語態(tài)表示被動含義1、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。The door wont lock（指門本身有毛?。㏕he door wont be locked（指不會有人來鎖門,指

10、“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）（1）表示“發(fā)生、進行”（即多數(shù)的瞬間動詞） 的不及物動詞和短語無被動語態(tài) ，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。（錯）The accident was happened last week.（對）The accident happened last week.（2） 英語中有很多動詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，

11、wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達被動意義,主語通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.（3）系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, look, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。Your reason sounds reasonable.2.動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義（1） 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。The house needs repairing（to

12、 be repaired）這房子需要修理。（2）形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。The picture-book is well worth reading（=The picture-book is very worthy to be read）（3） 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon(to do與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。

13、)試比較：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? (此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)（4）在某些“形容詞+不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例 This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to wor

14、k out省略了for me）.（5） 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.（6） 在there be句型中，當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。例 There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰lost time不明確。）3.介詞in，on等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被

15、動之義，其意義相當于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。（1）“under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。The building is under construction.（2） “beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎勝過、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)，beyond ones reach（鞭長莫及），beyond ones control（無法控制），beyond our hope我們的成功始料不及。The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）（3）“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等)超過、高于”。His honest character is above all praise=His honest characte