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1、新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的初中英語課堂教學(xué),昌吉州教育教學(xué)研究中心 楊金花 2006.7.15-18,如何感悟課改的變化?,寫給一位英語學(xué)習(xí)較為優(yōu)秀的同學(xué)的評(píng)語 雖然你才剛?cè)氤踔校蠋熣J(rèn)為你的英語水平已達(dá)到初中畢業(yè)生的水平,并且老師也知道,這決不是你的目標(biāo),因?yàn)槟阏阅愕膶?shí)際行動(dòng)-大量閱讀英文作品和深層次的學(xué)習(xí)向更高的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。愿你夢想成真。,寫給一位英語學(xué)習(xí)較為一般的同學(xué)的評(píng)語 每當(dāng)想起你,一個(gè)幽默、上進(jìn),有著良好教養(yǎng)的男孩就躍然出現(xiàn)在我的眼前。雖然有時(shí)你的英語成績并不很穩(wěn)定,但老師相信只要你不松勁地學(xué),一定會(huì)取得優(yōu)異的成績的。,寫給一位英語學(xué)習(xí)較為困難的同學(xué)的評(píng)語 本學(xué)期你下了很大的決心想提高英語學(xué)
2、習(xí)成績,并為之而努力,這一點(diǎn)從你花在單詞上的時(shí)間就可以看出。可是你想過嗎?為什么實(shí)施的過程并不十分順利呢?你還缺少什么呢?其實(shí)老師也多次和你談過,你每次也都很爽快地答應(yīng)了,我希望你能以各種方式向同學(xué)們證明:你一定行!你一定能學(xué)好英語?。ó?dāng)然越快越好,正如運(yùn)動(dòng)場上的你!),教師不僅要尊重每一位學(xué)生,還要學(xué)會(huì)贊賞每一位學(xué)生,贊賞每一位學(xué)生的獨(dú)特性、興趣、愛好、專長; 贊賞每一位學(xué)生所取得的哪怕是極其微小的成績; 贊賞每一位學(xué)生所付出的努力和所表現(xiàn)出來的善意; 贊賞每一位學(xué)生對(duì)教科書的質(zhì)疑和對(duì)自己的超越。,“教的本質(zhì)在于引導(dǎo),引導(dǎo)的特點(diǎn)是含而不露,指而不明,開而不達(dá),引而不發(fā);引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容不僅包括方法
3、和思維,同時(shí)也包括價(jià)值和做人。引導(dǎo)可以表現(xiàn)為一種啟迪:當(dāng)學(xué)生迷路的時(shí)候,教師不是輕易告訴方向,而是引導(dǎo)他怎樣去辨明方向;引導(dǎo)可以表現(xiàn)為一種激勵(lì):當(dāng)學(xué)生登山畏懼了的時(shí)候,教師不是拖著他走,而是喚起他內(nèi)在的精神動(dòng)力,鼓勵(lì)他不斷向上攀登?!?討論: 1、教師們對(duì)課改的認(rèn)識(shí)?,討論: 2、教師們?nèi)绾慰创虒W(xué)活動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)與組 織?,“差生”的成績 我是差生行列中的一員,經(jīng)受著同其他差生一 樣的遭遇。然而我并不想當(dāng)差生,我也曾努力過, 刻苦過,但最后卻被一盆盆冷水澆得心灰意冷。就 拿一次英語考試來說吧。我學(xué)英語覺得比上青天還 難,每次考試不是個(gè)位數(shù)就是十幾分,一次老師罵 我是蠢豬,我一生氣就下決心下次一定要
4、考好。于 是,我起早摸黑,加倍努力,記不住犧牲了多少休 息時(shí)間。好在功夫不負(fù)苦心人,期末預(yù)考時(shí),真的 拿了個(gè)英語第一名。當(dāng)時(shí)我心里的高興勁兒就別提 了,心想這次老師一定會(huì)表揚(yáng)我了吧!可是出乎意 料,老師一進(jìn)教室就當(dāng)著全班同學(xué)的面問我:你這 次考這么好,不是抄來的吧?聽了這話,我一下子 從頭涼到腳,心里感到一陣刺痛,那種心情真是比 死還難受一百倍。難道我們差生就一輩子都翻不了 身了嗎?,優(yōu) 點(diǎn) 單 年輕的初中女教師海倫發(fā)現(xiàn)自己所教的班里有 不少學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)很吃力,有一些人因此而有些灰心。 為了幫助這些學(xué)生增強(qiáng)信心,她想了一條“妙計(jì)”: 讓每個(gè)學(xué)生用紙寫下其他同學(xué)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),然后海倫分 別抄下大家寫給每個(gè)
5、人的優(yōu)點(diǎn),再把這份“優(yōu)點(diǎn)” 發(fā)給學(xué)生自己。同學(xué)們看到“優(yōu)點(diǎn)單”上寫的優(yōu)點(diǎn), 一個(gè)個(gè)驚喜萬分,那些信心不足的同學(xué)很快恢復(fù)了 信心,學(xué)習(xí)成績都有了明顯提高。若干年后,海倫 與這個(gè)班的學(xué)生們一起參加本班一個(gè)在戰(zhàn)爭中死去 的學(xué)生馬克的葬禮,死者的父親從其遺物中拿出一 張?jiān)?jīng)打開、折合過許多次的兩張筆記本紙,海倫 一眼就認(rèn)出了這是馬克的“優(yōu)點(diǎn)單”!這時(shí),其他同 學(xué)也都從自己的貼身口袋里拿出了自己的“優(yōu)點(diǎn) 單”。大家說:我們都保留著這份“優(yōu)點(diǎn)單”,隨時(shí) 隨地都帶著它。它在我們遇到困難的時(shí)候,一、新課程基本理念,(一)為了每一位學(xué)生的發(fā)展 (二)走向生活 (三)為了孩子美好的明天 (四)參與是課程實(shí)施的核心
6、 (五)讓課堂教學(xué)充滿創(chuàng)新活力 (六)教是為了學(xué),(一)為了每一位學(xué)生的發(fā)展,1、課程要著眼于學(xué)生的發(fā)展。 2、面向每一位學(xué)生。 3、關(guān)注學(xué)生全面、和諧的發(fā)展。,(二)、走向生活,1、課程要面向?qū)W生的生活世界 現(xiàn)實(shí)生活世界: 精神世界 家庭生活世界 學(xué)校生活世界 社會(huì)生活世界 可能的生活世界: 每個(gè)人將要去實(shí)現(xiàn)的生活,“Merry Christmas”教學(xué)片段 T: December is the favorite month for people in the western countries, do you know why? S: Because Christmas Day comes
7、 in this month. It is like Spring festival(春節(jié)) in China. T: Youre right. Christmas Day is the most important holiday for westerners. Do you know how westerners spend it?,S1: They prepare Christmas trees, delicious food and a warmer home. S2: They buy presents for their children. S3: They put stockin
8、gs at the end of their beds before they go to bed. S4: The whole family gather together and sing Christmas song. T: Can you sing any Christmas songs?,S4: Yes, I can sing We wish you a Merry Christmas(學(xué)生唱歌)。 S5: Jingle Bells S6: Silent night T: Now read Paragraph 1 and find the answer to the question
9、 below. How do people sing on Christmas Day? (學(xué)生讀后得出答案),S7: They get together and go from house to house singing Christmas songs. T: Why do they do that? S8: They do that for fun and to bring the spirit of Christmas to everyone. T: Do you know what the spirit of Christmas is? (學(xué)生答不上來) T: Please read
10、 the rest of the text, youll get the answer. (學(xué)生閱讀后得出答案),S: Generosity. T: Good. This word comes from“generous”. It means one is always ready to give. What kind of man do you think Father Christmas is? S1: Generous. S2: Kind-hearted. S3: Caring. S4: Loving. ,T: Excellent. Who is like the old man in
11、your family? S: My mother. She cares for the whole family. She gives what she can to us. T: So in our society, some people would love to give, just like Father Christmas and your mother, while some others would just want to take(用彩色粉筆板書:give-take) Which do you think is more important?,S1: Give. Help
12、ing others makes me happy. S2: Take. Taking is easy. T: Have you ever heard of the story Give or Take? Please listen: Neserriding was a selfish old man. One day, he fell into a river while he was walking on the bank. He cried for help, and a young man heard him. He,went over to the old man and said,
13、“Give me your hand and let me help you.” Neserriding refused to do so. The young man thought for a while and said, “Take my hand and Ill pull you out.”Then Neserriding held out his hand quickly and he was saved by the young man. T: What do you learn from the story? S1: Neserriding was too selfish.,S
14、2: I agree. He only wanted to take. T: Youre clever! If he hadnt given his hand to the young man, he would have been dead. We must learn to give. I am sure you have heard of the Chinese saying:送人玫瑰,己手留香。And if you give, youll get one day. I hope you can learn the spirit of generosity from Father Chr
15、istmas and always be ready to help your friends. If everybody does this, well have 60 Father Christmas in our class. 點(diǎn)評(píng):本課例由“西方人是如何過圣誕節(jié)的”的話題引出“圣誕精神”進(jìn)而對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行“助人為樂”的教育。教學(xué)以學(xué)生的生活和體驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)來展開。,2、課程要面向社會(huì)生活實(shí)踐 即課程內(nèi)容要反映社會(huì)、科技發(fā)展水平,把學(xué)生從課程領(lǐng)入社會(huì)生活的實(shí)踐之中。,3、教學(xué)活動(dòng)必須尊重學(xué)生已有的知識(shí)與經(jīng)驗(yàn) (1)學(xué)習(xí)的過程是自我建構(gòu)、自我生成的過程 注重學(xué)生原有的知識(shí) 注重學(xué)生的經(jīng)驗(yàn) (2)學(xué)
16、生的個(gè)人知識(shí)、直接經(jīng)驗(yàn),生活世界也是是重要的課程資源。,(3)教學(xué)要尊重學(xué)生獨(dú)特的感受和理解 尊重學(xué)生的不同觀點(diǎn)或看法 充分體現(xiàn)出師生在討論問題中的平等性 尊重學(xué)生個(gè)體的差異性,(三)為了孩子美好的明天,提倡自主、合作、探究的學(xué)習(xí)方式。 例:談?wù)撀殬I(yè)的教學(xué)片段: Step 1 Warming up(2 minutes) Reviewing the following questions: a. Whats your name? b. Where are you from? c. How many people are there in your family?,Step 2 Presentat
17、ion(10 minutes) T: Now please ask me about my family? S: How many people are there in your family? T: Six. S: Who are they? T: They are my father, my mother, my brothers, my sister and I. (教師邊回答問題邊在屏幕上呈現(xiàn)自己家庭成員的畫面。然后看圖向?qū)W生逐一介紹各人的職業(yè)和工作地點(diǎn)。),T: This is my father. He is a doctor. He works in a hospital(略)
18、Look at this beautiful girl. She is my sister. What does she do? She is a nurse. Where does she work? She works in a hospital.(教師邊介紹邊呈現(xiàn)詞匯和句型,然后師生、生生看圖說話) Step 3 Practice(18 minutes) T: (指向畫面) How many kinds of jobs can you on the screen? Ss: Five. Doctor, dentist, policeman, postman and nurse. T: Go
19、od. You can say out these words very well. Now Id like you to introduce your family members to another in groups.,(學(xué)生以小組為單位進(jìn)行交流活動(dòng),每組合人,小組發(fā)言人做記錄,教師巡回指導(dǎo),8分鐘后交流結(jié)束) T: (to Group 1) How many students introduce their family members in your group? Group 1: Six T: How many jobs do you have? Group 1: Five. W
20、orker, cleaner.,T: Well? Why do you have only five jobs? Group 1: We have two workers, Johns(班里學(xué)生的英文名)father is a worker. Lindas(班里學(xué)生的英文名)mother is a worker, too. T: Oh, I see. T: (to Group 2)What about yours? Group 2: Six, Businessman, soldier, lawyer, nurse, postman, TV reporter. T: (to Group 3)Ho
21、w about yours? Group 3: ,T: Well done! You have collected so many words. Now first lets learn these words together and then choose the correct pictures.(師生共同學(xué)習(xí)單詞,然后教師在屏幕上呈現(xiàn)一組圖片并讓學(xué)生聽錄音選擇正確的圖片) 點(diǎn)評(píng):學(xué)生在理解話題內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,自己提出學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。 T: You all did a good job in the discussion. Now Id like some of you to introduce
22、 your family members to the class. Which group will try first? (學(xué)生紛紛上臺(tái)表演,課堂氣氛活躍、熱烈),T: How do you introduce your family members? S1: I use a Picture.(展示他的繪畫作品)This is my father. What does my father do? He is a driver. Where does he work? He works at a bus station. S2: I use a drawing.(展示他的圖畫)This is
23、 my uncle. He is a worker. He works in a factory. S3: I use a photo(展示她的相片)This is my mother. What does my mother do? She is a bookseller. Where does she work? She works in bookshop.,S4: I use a photo.(展示她的相片)This is my brother. He is a TV reporter. He works at a TV station. S5: I use photo.(展示她的相片)
24、This is my aunt. What does my aunt do?She is a worker. Where does she work?She works in an office. S6: ,T: Who else introduces his family members like this? Please show us your pictures and drawings.(學(xué)生高高舉起相片和繪畫作品,師生共同欣賞) T: Any other ways? S7: (戴上警察帽) My brother is a policeman. He works at a police
25、 station. S8:(戴上醫(yī)生聽筒)My aunt is a doctor. She works in a hospital. S9:(背起郵遞包)My father is a postman. He works in a post office. S10:(拿起一把掃帚)My mother is a cleaner. She works in the street.,S11:(作投籃動(dòng)作)My brother is a basketball player. He works in a basketball team. S12:(作打手機(jī)狀)My father is a manager.
26、 He works in a company. S13: T: Wonderful! You all did very well. Im proud of you! Anyone else who would like to try? S14: 老師,我想用的chant形式介紹我的家庭成員。 T:(很感興趣地)Oh? How do you introduce?,S14:What does my father do? Worker, worker, worker. What does my mother do? Teacher, teacher, teacher. What does my br
27、other do? Soldier, soldier, soldier. T: Oh. Great! How clever you are! I think this is a good way to learn words and drills. (教師抓住這個(gè)閃光點(diǎn),馬上在黑板上書寫出來,并組織全班學(xué)生進(jìn)行chant的替換訓(xùn)練活動(dòng)),eg: What does your father do? Doctor, doctor, doctor. What does her father do? Farmer, farmer, farmer. What does his father do? Po
28、stman, postman, postman. (學(xué)生激動(dòng)、興奮,活動(dòng)達(dá)到高潮) 點(diǎn)評(píng):教師讓學(xué)生選擇自己喜歡的方式來學(xué)習(xí)和表現(xiàn),為學(xué)生提供了自主學(xué)習(xí)的最大空間。,Step 4 Making a survey(10 minutes) 教師發(fā)給學(xué)生問卷調(diào)查表,學(xué)生選擇自己喜歡的對(duì)象進(jìn)行采訪活動(dòng)。 (學(xué)生興致勃勃地開展采訪活動(dòng),老師參與其中,成為學(xué)生采訪對(duì)象) What does your do? Where does your work? . (6分鐘后采訪結(jié)束),T: Now please report your results to the class. Who would like to
29、 try?(學(xué)生紛紛舉手) S1:I interviewed Jim(班里學(xué)生的英文名). Here is my report: Jims father is a worker. He works in a factory. Jims mother has no work. She stays at home. Jims brother is a bus driver. He works at the bus station. Jim has no sister. Jims uncle is a lawyer. He works in an office. Jims aunt is a nur
30、se. She works in a hospital. S2:,點(diǎn)評(píng):教師提供調(diào)查活動(dòng)的時(shí)間和空間,學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)開展交際活動(dòng),學(xué)生收集信息、獲取新知識(shí)的能力以及交流與合作的能力得以培養(yǎng)。 Step 5 Consolidation(3 minutes) T: Well done! Boys and girls. You have learnt the words and drills in your own ways. Im proud of you! Now Ill show you another way of learning these words and drills. Plea
31、se look at the screen and lets sing a song: 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 What does she do? What does she do? 3 4 5 - 3 4 5 - Shes a nurse. Shes a nurse. (學(xué)生自己套入與職業(yè)相關(guān)的詞匯進(jìn)行演唱 ),點(diǎn)評(píng):教師把所學(xué)句型編到學(xué)生熟悉的“兩只老虎”的歌曲旋律中去唱,既鞏固了教學(xué)內(nèi)容,又增添了教學(xué)情趣,同時(shí)也教給學(xué)生新的學(xué)習(xí)方式。 Step 6 Homework(2 minutes) Make a survey after class: What do you want to
32、 be when you grow up? Write short passage about your family. 點(diǎn)評(píng):本課例教師精心設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),并為學(xué)生提供充足的自主學(xué)習(xí)與合作學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間和空間,使學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)過程成為一個(gè)生活活潑的主動(dòng)而富有個(gè)性的過程。,1、自主學(xué)習(xí)的表現(xiàn)形式 (1)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)自我確定 (2)學(xué)習(xí)方法自我選擇 (3)學(xué)習(xí)過程自我調(diào)控 (4)學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果自我反饋,2、合作學(xué)習(xí)的有效性 合作學(xué)習(xí)指學(xué)生在小組或團(tuán)隊(duì)中為了完成共同的任務(wù),有明確的責(zé)任分工的互助性的學(xué)習(xí)。 (1)合理分組 (2)規(guī)范操作 (3)明確任務(wù) (4)形式整合 (5)全班交流,(6)教師的作用 首先:規(guī)
33、范行為 第二:發(fā)現(xiàn)火花 第三:排除障礙 第四:引導(dǎo)深化,3、探究學(xué)習(xí)的條件 (1)要有探究的欲望 (2)探究要有問題空間 (3)要有充分的自主學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間 (4)要有多維互動(dòng)的交流時(shí)間,(四)參與是課程實(shí)施的核心,1、學(xué)生參與教學(xué)集中體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代課程理念、活動(dòng)民主、自由。 (1)活動(dòng)是教學(xué)發(fā)生的基礎(chǔ) (2)給每一個(gè)學(xué)生以平等 學(xué)生與老師是平等的。 學(xué)生與學(xué)生之間是平等的。 課堂是學(xué)生舒展靈性的空間。,2、積極參與和有效參與缺一不 可 (1)積極參與是學(xué)生有效學(xué)習(xí)的前提。 情緒飽滿 交往互動(dòng) 參與面廣,例:八年級(jí)上冊現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的講授。 (教師用自己的旅游照片引入復(fù)習(xí)課) T: Do you like
34、 traveling? Ss: (眾人答)Of course! T: Here I have some interesting photos. Guess where I have been? (把相片投影出來) . Now lets make a survey,using the chart below. Pay attention to the tense you use. Name Where have you traveled?,(學(xué)生們迅速組成8人一組,組長負(fù)責(zé)登記調(diào)查結(jié)果,教師巡視,觀察進(jìn)展情況,給予必要的指導(dǎo),4分鐘內(nèi)填完下列表格) T: You were making the
35、survey carefully. Please put your charts on the projector and report to the class group by group. (五個(gè)小組匯報(bào)完后,通過教師和學(xué)生的互動(dòng),在教師的幫助下,讓學(xué)生歸納學(xué)習(xí)策略),點(diǎn)評(píng):本課例通過猜圖片上的旅游地點(diǎn),引出“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”時(shí)態(tài)詞語。巧設(shè)調(diào)查活動(dòng),在活動(dòng)中使用該時(shí)態(tài)。然后教師步步引導(dǎo),步步深入,學(xué)生積極思維,主動(dòng)參與,很快把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的框架建構(gòu)起來,使得積極參與和有效參與結(jié)合在一起。,(2)有效參與是學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的保證 有效參與有四種表現(xiàn): 學(xué)生擁有獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間 思維活躍 獲得學(xué)習(xí)策略 表
36、現(xiàn)機(jī)會(huì)充分 創(chuàng)新素質(zhì)得到培養(yǎng) (3)真正參與是積極參與和有效參與的和 諧統(tǒng)一。,3、參與式教學(xué)目標(biāo)三維的交融性 (1)積極參與側(cè)重解決情感、態(tài) 度維度。 (2)有效參與側(cè)重解決知識(shí)與技能,過程與方法維度。 (3)三維融合的境界來自于對(duì)知識(shí)的理解和感受過程。,(五)、讓課堂教學(xué)充滿創(chuàng)新活力,1、一切著眼于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新素質(zhì)。 (1)自主的根本目的是張揚(yáng)個(gè)性,個(gè)性是創(chuàng)新的前提。 (2)合作與探索有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新精神與創(chuàng)造能力,2、營造一個(gè)充滿“磁性”的課堂環(huán)境。 (1)還學(xué)生以自尊,把學(xué)生看成一個(gè)完整的人。 (2)還學(xué)生以自信,把學(xué)生看成一個(gè)發(fā)展中人。 (3)尊重學(xué)生的差異,把學(xué)生看成一個(gè)獨(dú)特
37、的人。,(六)、教是為了學(xué),1、教師是學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的組織者 (1)組織學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)、尋找、搜集和利用學(xué)習(xí)資源。 例:談?wù)撎鞖獾恼n例(天氣的表達(dá)以及有關(guān)天氣的詞匯),T: Look at the pictures, and listen to me carefully.(出示一幅圖)Whats this? Ss: Its the sun. T: Whats the weather like? Ss: Its nice. T: Its sunny. Its sunny.(板書:sun-sunny) Read after me, class.(學(xué)生跟讀) T:(出示另一幅圖)Whats this?(自答)I
38、ts a cloud. Whats the weather like?(自答)Its cloudy.(重復(fù)并板書 cloud- cloudy)Read after me, class(學(xué)生跟讀),T: (出示第三幅圖,放慢語速)度Whats this? Its wind. Whats the weather like?(停頓,有學(xué)生插語 Its windy.) Good. Its windy, windy.(學(xué)生跟讀) T: Ok, now look at the blackboard(黑板顯示 sun sunny, cloud cloudy, wind - windy) Can you ma
39、ke a rule out of these words? (學(xué)生思考片刻,然后有人猶豫回答)右邊的三個(gè)詞都有一個(gè)字母y。 T: 誰能告訴老師這三個(gè)詞的詞性? S1:都是形容詞。,S2:哦,原來是名詞后加上一個(gè)y,就成了形容詞了。 T:You look very carefully. Well done! y是形容詞后綴,in English, the suffix of adjective. There are other such words like rainy, snowy, foggy, showery, misty, and so on.(板書以上五詞)Can you guess
40、the Chinese meanings of the words? S1:rainy是有雨的,下雨的。 T: How do you know that? S1: 前面有個(gè)名詞rain,加上后綴-y就成了形容詞了。,T: So youre got the rule. 課例中,教師利用圖片引出有關(guān)天氣的生詞sunny, windy, cloudy. 這其中sun, wind, cloud都是已學(xué)過的單詞,教師問“Can you make a rule out of these three words?”啟發(fā)學(xué)生進(jìn)行觀察、分析,從而自己總結(jié)出-y是形容詞后綴。,(2)組織學(xué)生營造教學(xué)中積極的心理氛
41、圍 (3)創(chuàng)設(shè)豐富的教學(xué)情景,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)興趣,充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性。 (4)創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境,把學(xué)生置于問題中。 (5)給學(xué)生提供合作交流的空間與時(shí)間,2、教師是學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的引導(dǎo)者 (1)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)恰當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),激活進(jìn)一步探究所需要的先前知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 (2)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在自主探索與合作交流的過程中,真正理解和掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技能。 (3)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行積極的內(nèi)省和反思,實(shí)現(xiàn)自我超越,3、教師是學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的參與者 (1)在觀察、傾聽和交流中成為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的參與者。 (2)與學(xué)生一起分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)與認(rèn)識(shí)。 (3)新課程要求教師與學(xué)生相互提供支持,啟迪靈感共享智慧。 (4)勇敢地承認(rèn)自己的過失
42、、錯(cuò)誤與不足。 4、師生是“學(xué)習(xí)共同體” 即師生互動(dòng)、相互溝通、相互影響、相互補(bǔ)充。,二、教學(xué)方法與技巧,1、Differences between language use in real life and traditional language teaching. How is language used? What parts of language are used?,2、Lesson planning 有教案就有備課這一環(huán)節(jié),它的類型有:學(xué)期備課(一般都交教務(wù)處、教研組),單元備課、課時(shí)備課。,單元備課應(yīng)注意: (1)熟悉和掌握單元的教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)目標(biāo)、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和教學(xué)建議。 (2)
43、分析本單元的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn),確定每課教學(xué)重點(diǎn)及教學(xué)活動(dòng)安排,全面考慮學(xué)生的技能和能力培養(yǎng)。 (3)考慮單元教學(xué)的任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)、活動(dòng)步驟及練習(xí)設(shè)計(jì)。 (4)研究本單元的教學(xué)方法與技巧。,課時(shí)備課應(yīng)注意: (1)明確本課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)和任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)。 (2)確定課型和課的結(jié)構(gòu)。 (3)明確教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)。 (4)選用或設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)方法和技巧。 (5)了解上節(jié)課學(xué)生的任務(wù)完成情況。 (6)考慮課題的導(dǎo)入方式。 (7)板書的安排。 (8)課內(nèi)或課外習(xí)題的設(shè)計(jì)和練習(xí)方式。 (9)教學(xué)步驟的設(shè)計(jì)安排。,Presentation這一階段,就必須注意: (1)什么時(shí)候只注意結(jié)構(gòu),什么時(shí)候在情景中學(xué)習(xí)。 (2)口頭演示還是筆頭演示。
44、(3)是給出信息還是從學(xué)生中引出相關(guān)信息。 (4)何時(shí)、怎樣使用輔助手段進(jìn)行演示。 (5)學(xué)生不明白演示內(nèi)容怎么辦。,3、Teaching Pronunciation (1)Using minimal pairs. (2)Which order (3)Same or different (4)Odd man out (5)Completion,提高學(xué)生能力的語音練習(xí)。 (1)Listen and repeat (T say, Ss repeat) (2)Fill in the blanks ( 3) Make up sentences (4)Use meaningful context. (5
45、)Use pictures (6)Use tongue twisters,4、Teaching Grammar Grammar practice: mechanical practice, meaningful practice (1)Mechanical practice substitution drills. transformation drills. (2)Meaningful practice,(3)Using prompts for practice 圖片(我們教師使用較多) 啞語 信息卡 關(guān)鍵詞、詞組 用一連串的詞敘述故事(chained phrases for story t
46、elling),5、Teaching Vocabulary 有兩位老師這樣教單詞“grumble”. Teacher A: a) wrote“grumble” on the blackboard. b) said“complain about someone or something in an annoyed way”. c) translated the word into the students native language. d) gave more example sentences for the students to translate into their native
47、language.,Teacher B: Said“some people grumble about everything. For example, they grumble about the weather. If it is sunny, they say it is too hot. If it is cool, they say it is too cold. They are never happy with the weather. They always grumble about the weather”. Then the teacher set out to chec
48、k the students understanding by asking“So what does” grumble mean? Discuss: Which way is more effective?,解釋單詞有以下方法: ()畫圖、圖表 ()實(shí)物 ()啞語、手勢語 ()同義詞、反義詞 ()詞匯組(eg: cook, fry, boil) ()構(gòu)詞法、前后綴,鞏固詞匯有以下方法: ()看圖標(biāo)詞(根據(jù)圖片寫出物品的名稱)。 ()辨別差異(兩人一組,分別拿一張有微小區(qū)別的圖畫,將圖片藏起來,通過問問題來發(fā)現(xiàn)不同之處) ()描述、畫圖(兩人一組,一學(xué)生拿一張畫,另一位學(xué)生手拿紙、筆,手拿畫的
49、同學(xué)告訴對(duì)方畫什么,直到畫完。,()玩游戲(給學(xué)生展示一張畫或?qū)嵨?、卡片、雜志圖片,看一兩分鐘后,收起來,回憶所看到的物品) ()采用系列詞的形式(freezing, cold, cool, warm, hot, boiling) ()同一類詞(knife fork spoon ) ()采用bingo游戲(相關(guān)的詞放入方格中,看誰先贏cross out all the words in the squares),()詞匯連接(寫出和旅游有關(guān)的詞,和教室有關(guān)的詞匯,有時(shí)間限制) ()Odd man out eg: cheese gees oranges bread soap meat(soap
50、is the “odd man out”) ()同義詞、反義詞(給出一組詞,找出相關(guān)聯(lián)的一對(duì)),6、Teaching Listening (1)Pre listening activities 預(yù)測 聽之前閱讀聽力理解的問題 確定情景 聽要領(lǐng),聽梗概 聽具體的信息,比如下面一段話,它的具體信息是什么?你如何設(shè)計(jì)有關(guān)具體信息的pre listening task? Hello, Kate. Its Jane here. Im catching a train to Guangzhou on Saturday evening. It gets to Guangzhou at 10:30 on Mo
51、nday morning. I dont know where you live. Can you come and meet me at the station? Oh, yes. My telephone number is Bye. Discuss:,(2)While listening activities Listen and tick Listen and sequence Listen and act Listen and draw Listen and fill Listen and guess(oral descriptions),(3)Post listening acti
52、vities Multiple choice question 這指的是multiple choice comprehension question. eg: Tom is a librarian. She does a number of different tasks every day. List five things she might be expected to do, Then, while you are listening to this passage, tick any jobs she mentions which are on your list.,Answerin
53、g questions 一些問題可以在原文找到,有些則不能,可以在小組討論的。 Note taking and gap filling 這是while - listening和post listening相結(jié)合的方法,學(xué)生根據(jù)所聽內(nèi)容記筆記,聽完后整理自己的筆記。教師要求學(xué)生根據(jù)聽到的內(nèi)容給一個(gè)概括。那么學(xué)生不可能用原始的句子。因此這是一個(gè)較好的帶有重建性的活動(dòng)。,7、Teaching speaking Speaking activities information gap activities eg 1: 指圖片中的自行車,問: What this? Its a bike. eg 2:用一些
54、圖片,每個(gè)學(xué)生給不同的圖片。 Ask your partner what is in their picture. A: Whats in your picture? B: There is a car in my picture. Whats in your picture? A: There is a bike in my picture.,Dialogues and role plays Card A You are talking to a new classmate. Begin the conversation with a greeting. 1. Greet your Part
55、ner. 2. Ask your partner which school he/she went to before. 3. Ask your partner if he / she lives nearby the school. 4.Suggest you go shopping together after school.,Card B You are a new student at this school One of your classmates greets you. 1. Greet your partner back. 2. Answer the question. 3.Answer the question. 4.Respond to the offer.,另一種只提供情景的卡片 Card A You and your friend are going out to eat
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