英語(yǔ)學(xué)科情態(tài)動(dòng)詞課件.ppt

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法,1. There are two main sets of Gamesthe Winter and Summer Olympics. 2. Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. 3. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women. 4. Nowadays any country can take part if their athlete are

2、good enough. 5. Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in the Olympic Games.,情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 的 定 義,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。,我們現(xiàn)在就開始嗎？,Shall we begin now?,你必須遵守校規(guī)。,You must obey the school rules.,can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared)

3、, shall (should), will (would) .,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞數(shù)量不多，但用途廣泛，主要有下列：,We can be there on time tomorrow. 我們明天能按時(shí)去那兒。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字嗎？,情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 的 位 置,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前若有助動(dòng)詞，則在助動(dòng)詞之前，疑問句中， 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看見你，過來吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。,情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 的 特 點(diǎn),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

4、后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形，否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加“not”。個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式，過去式可以用來表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣，時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng)，可用于過去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼?He could be here soon. 他很快就來。,你要什么？,What can I do for you?,你怎么敢那樣對(duì)待我們!,How dare you treat us like that!,我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。,We cant carry the heavy box.,對(duì)不起，我?guī)筒簧夏恪?Im sorry I cant help you.,情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 的 用 法,1. can (could) 表示

5、說話人能, 可以, 同意, 準(zhǔn)許,推測(cè), 以及客觀條件許可, could 為 can 的過去式。 Can you pass me the books? 你能給我遞一下書嗎 ? Could you help me, please? 請(qǐng)問, 你能幫助我嗎? 1).There is someone knocking at the door. it be Tom?A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Ought can 和could 只能用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種時(shí)態(tài)，將來時(shí)態(tài)用be able to 來表示。 He could help us at all. 他完全可以幫助我們。,A,有

6、老師的幫助, 我將能準(zhǔn)確地講英語(yǔ)。,With the teachers help, I shall be able to speak English correctly.,2. may (might) “可以”，表示說話人同意，許可或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可。 You may take the book home. 你可以把書帶回家去。 May I come in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎? 我可以用你的詞典嗎? 1).Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you .A. will B. could C. may D. might may 否定式為 may not, 縮

7、寫形式是 maynt。might 是may 的過去式，有兩種用法，一種表示過去式，一種表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，使語(yǔ)氣更加委婉、 客氣或?qū)赡苄缘膽岩伞?He told me he might be here on time. 他說他能按時(shí)間來。 我可以借點(diǎn)錢嗎?,May I use your dictionary?,c,Might I borrow some money now?,3. must “必須；應(yīng)該；一定；準(zhǔn)是”，表示說話人認(rèn)為有必要做某事，命令、要求別人做某事以及對(duì)事物的推測(cè)。must 用來指一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)， 過去式可用 have to 的過去式代替。 I must finish m

8、y work today. 我今天必須完成我的工作。 You mustnt work all the time. 你不能老是工作。 -我必須明天還書嗎? -不, 你不必. 走了這么長(zhǎng)的路, 你一定累了。,Must I return the book tomorrow?,No, you neednt/you have to.,After such a long walk, you must be tired.,值得注意的是： （1）must + have + 過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過去事物的推測(cè)。 He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把這件事情告訴我

9、父母親了。 He must have received my letter now. 他現(xiàn)在一定收到我的信了。,外面很濕，昨晚一定下過雨了。,It is wet outside, it must have rained last night.,（2）must 和 have to 的區(qū)別: must 表示說話人的主觀思想, have to “不得不,必須”，表示客觀需要、客觀條件只能如此。 You must do it now. 你必需現(xiàn)在就干。(說話人認(rèn)為必須現(xiàn)在干) I have to go now. 我得走了。(客觀條件必須現(xiàn)在走) 你下次一定要按時(shí)來。 我得給孩子做飯。,You must

10、 be here on time next time.,I have to cook for my child.,4. need “需要”，多用在否定式或疑問句中. Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天參加會(huì)議嗎? 這一周你不必交論文。,You need not hand in the paper this week.,need 是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，他的用法完全和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣，但 need 還可當(dāng)作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，這時(shí) need 就象其他動(dòng)詞一樣，有第三人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)， 后面加帶 to 的動(dòng)詞等特性。,Do you need a dictionary?

11、,I need a bike to go to school. 我上學(xué)需要一輛自行車。 你需要詞典嗎?,注意：“neednt + have + 過去分詞” 表示過去做了沒必要做的事情。 You neednt have taken it seriously. 這件事情你不必太認(rèn)真。,5. dare “敢”，多用在否定或疑問句中。 The little girl dare not speak in public. 小女孩不敢在公眾面前說話。 你敢抓小貓嗎?,dare 除用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞外，更多的是當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用， 用法同實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣，要考慮人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)等。,Dare you catch the

12、little cat?,Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路嗎？ 他不敢告訴老師那天發(fā)生的事。,He doesnt dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.,6. ought “應(yīng)當(dāng)；應(yīng)該”，后面跟帶有 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。 You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar. 如果你想知道如何修理汽車,你應(yīng)該讀這些書。 你應(yīng)該把孩子帶來。,ought + to have done 句型。指過去動(dòng)

13、作,表示一件事情該做而未做。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 你昨天就應(yīng)該來。,You ought to bring the child here.,ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。 You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room. 你不應(yīng)該把書帶出閱覽室。,7. will (would) 表決心、愿望。 would 為 will 的過去式, 可用于各人稱。 Ill do my best to catch up with the

14、m. 我要盡全力趕上他們。 我再不會(huì)做那件事情了,這是最后一次。 他說他會(huì)幫助我。,Ill never do it again, thats the last time.,He said he would help me.,will, would用于疑問句表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問,用 would 比 will 更婉轉(zhuǎn),客氣。,Its hot. Will you open the windows? 天氣太熱了,你能打開窗戶嗎? Will you help me to work it out? 你能幫我解這道題嗎?,給你來點(diǎn)咖啡怎樣？,Would you like some coffee？,

15、“will(would)+have+過去分詞” 的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè)，主要用于第二，三人稱。表示對(duì)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)的推測(cè)。,He will have arrived by now. I thought you would have finished this by now.,8. shall, should 表示命令, 警告, 允諾, 征求, 勸告, 建議, 驚奇。 You should hand in the exercise book. 你應(yīng)該交作業(yè)本兒了。 This should be no problem. 這應(yīng)該沒問題。 我們現(xiàn)在可以走了嗎? 為什么我要見他?,Shall we go

16、now?,Why should I meet him？,“Should+ have + 過去分” 結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示義務(wù)，表示應(yīng)該做到而實(shí)際上沒有做到，并包含一種埋怨、責(zé)備,“Shouldnt+ have + 過去分” 表示應(yīng)該不做的而做了。,I should have helped her, but I didnt have time . We had a meeting last night, you shouldnt have gone to see a film.,（1）may/ must + have + 過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過去事物的推測(cè)，用于肯定句中。 He must have tol

17、d my parents about it. 他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。 （2）can (could) + have + 過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過去行為的懷疑或不肯定，用于否定句或疑句中。,3）“will(would)+have+過去分詞” 的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè)，主要用于第二，三人稱。表示對(duì)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)的推測(cè)。,I thought you would have finished this by now.,(4)“neednt + have + 過去分詞” 表示過去做了沒必要做的事情。 You neednt have told your father about that. 你不必告訴你父

18、親有關(guān)這件事。,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專練題,1.Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on.A. can B. could C. must D. would 2. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, _.A. you shouldnt B. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustnt 3.You to attend the meeting, but you didnt.A. should comeB. would

19、 have come C. cameD. should have come 4.We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it.A. mustnt have attendedB. cannot have attendedC. neednt have attendedD. would have not attended 5.Tom went on foot, but he by bus.A. might go B. may go C. could have goneD. ought have gone,6.We play chess than b

20、ridge. Some of us dont know how to play bridge.A. had better B. would better C. would rather D. had rather 7.There is someone knocking at the door. it be Tom?A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Ought 8.There was a lot of time. He .A. mustnt have hurriedB. neednt have hurriedC. could have hurriedD. ought to

21、have hurried 9.We didnt study Chemistry last night, but we .A. had studiedB. couldC. should D. could have 10.One ought for what one hasnt done.A. not to be punishedB. to not be punishedC. to not punishedD. not be punished,11.May I pick a flower in the garden? .A. No, you needntB. Not, please C. No,

22、you mustntD. No, you wont 12.Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you .A. will B. could C. may D. might 13.Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you worry about parking. A. must not B. may notC. should not D. dont have to 14.I didn

23、t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She at the meeting.A. mustnt have spokenB. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spokenD. couldnt have spoken 15.I wonder how he that to the teacher.A. dare to sayB. dare saying C. not dare sayD. dared say,16.You take your umbrella. I am sure it wont rain.A.

24、shouldnt B. cant C. dont have to D. mustnt 17.The dog hibernate in winter.A. dont need B. doesnt need to C. needs not to D. needs not 18.Look what you have done. You have been more careful.A. should B. can C. must D. may 19.Tom did not go to the party yesterday, or I him.A. would seeB. could meet C.

25、 might have seenD. might see 20. Lets go to the cinema, shall we? ? A. No, I cantB. Yes, I will C. Yes, thank youD. No, wed better not,21.If you had been more careful, you have made so many mistakes.A. wont B. wouldnt C. may not D. mustnt 22.Whenever Mother was not here, the children make a lot of n

26、oise.A. will B. would C. were to D. were going to 23.Why is it so dark. There be a heavy rain coming.A. shall B. may C. should D. will 24.Tom is late. What to him?A. should have happenedB. must have happenedC. can have happenedD. would have happened 25.Tom, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself.A. wont, couldB. mustnt, may C. shouldnt, mustD. cant, should,1. 調(diào)查表明34%的學(xué)生打暑期工，而12%的學(xué)生參加各種興趣班。 2、8%的