高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

1、英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)名稱結(jié)構(gòu)常連用的詞基本用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. be動(dòng)詞用am/is/are，后接n./a./prep.often;usually;every;sometimes;always;never;seldom;once/twice/ a week/month/year;on Sundays/Mondays/.;1) 表示現(xiàn)在存在的習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 He takes a walk after supper every day. The children go to school at seven every morning.2) 表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力等。 The

2、 children draw well. Does she like sports?3) 表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。 The sun rises in the east. Two plus two makes four. Knowledge is power.4）在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 When they leave school, they will go to work in Tibet. If You see him，will you tell him to ring me? Well visit the cotton mill if it is fine tomorrow

3、.5）表示安排或計(jì)劃好的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作(一般只限于某些表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如go，come，arrive, leave，begin, start等)，這種安排很固定，不易改變。 The train starts at ten oclock in the morning. The film begins in a minute. When does the Japanese Youth delegation leave for Xian?2. 行為動(dòng)詞用v.或v.-s、-es.一般過(guò)去時(shí)1be動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式was或 were表示。yesterday;the day before yesterday;las

4、t week/month/year/.; ago;a moment ago;just now;on/in+過(guò)去的時(shí)間;1) 表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) We had a good swim last Sunday. She suddenly fell ill yesterday.2) 敘述過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事。 He got up early in the morning，fetched water，swept the yard and then went out to work.3) 表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 When my brother was a teenager，he p

5、layed table tennis almost every day. It used to be difficult to get drinking water here.其他用法：(1) 在賓語(yǔ)從句中，由于時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的關(guān)系，可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在： I didnt know you were here. 我不知道你在這兒。(were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在) I didnt know you were so busy我沒(méi)想到你這么忙。(were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在)(2) 表示客氣委婉的現(xiàn)在： I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。 I tho

6、ught you might like some flowers. 我想您也許想要些花。【注】能這樣有的動(dòng)詞主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。(3) 用于某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中: Its time we started. 我們?cè)搫?dòng)身了。 I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。 Id rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得離我們近點(diǎn)?！咀ⅰ吭撚梅ㄖ饕糜趇ts (high) time, I wish, Id rather, if only, as if, as though 等少

7、數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)后接從句的情形。(4) 表主觀想法的虛擬條件句也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在： If I had the money now Id buy a car. 假若我現(xiàn)在有錢，我就買輛小汽車。(5) 當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 I have lived in the house since I came to the city. Great changes have taken place since I visited the city.2. 行為動(dòng)詞用V-ed。一般將來(lái)時(shí)1. will+v.tomorrow,the day after tomorrow;so

8、on;next week/month/year/.;the week/month/year/. after next;on/in +將來(lái)的時(shí)間；in+一段時(shí)間；.1)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 My daughter will be twelve years old tomorrow. The indoor swimming pool will be open to the public from October 16.2)表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 We shall work in this factory every day.2. is/am/are+going to+V，表示計(jì)劃打算做什么事。

9、其他形式1)be going to + v.多用于口語(yǔ)中，常表示打算、即將、決心去做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事。如： We are going to visit the Museum of Chinese History.我們要去參觀中國(guó)歷史博物館。(表打算) Tom studies very hard. He is going to try for a scholarship.湯姆學(xué)習(xí)非常努力，他將爭(zhēng)取獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。(表決心) Look at those clouds. Its going to rain.瞧那些云，要下雨了。(表估計(jì)可能) The wall is going to collapse

10、! 那墻要倒塌了? (即將)2) go, come, leave, start等表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a toothache. Im coming.3)be about to + v.表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如： The English evening is about to begin.英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)即將開(kāi)始。 We are about to leave，so there is no time to visit him now.我們就要離開(kāi)了，所以現(xiàn)在沒(méi)

11、有時(shí)間去看他。4)be to do表示安排或計(jì)劃好了的動(dòng)作等。如： The boys are to go to school next week.這些男孩子下周要上學(xué)了。 He and I are to meet at the Shanghai Railway Station.他和我約定在上海火車站見(jiàn)面。 Im to be home before midnight.我午夜前回家。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)was/were going to +V原形表示對(duì)于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間而言將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。 They wanted to know when you would finish the

12、article. We asked him where we should go to work next week.would +V原形其他形式 I was told that the press conference was to be held the next day. I was about to leave when it began to rain. He told me he was leaving soon.進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)名稱結(jié)構(gòu)常連用的詞主要用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/are+V-ingnow；at present;at the moment;Look!(放在句首);List

13、en! (放在句首);1) 表示此時(shí)此刻(說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 What are you doing?Im doing some washing. Look! It is snowing.2) 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作，雖然此時(shí)此刻這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能并不在進(jìn)行。 He is working on a paper. They are compiling a dictionary.3) 有時(shí)可表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有意圖或打算的含義(用于go，come，stay，leave，start等表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞)。 They are taking the children to the zoo on S

14、unday. What are you doing next Sunday?Im going on a picnic with my wife and daughter.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+V-ingat that time;at this time yesterday;at+時(shí)間點(diǎn)+yesterday/lastnight;at that moment;1) 表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 I was practicing the violin at eight oclock yesterday evening. She was reading an English magazine

15、 when I came in.2）表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞go，come，start，stay，leave等的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，可以表示過(guò)去將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will/shall be v-ingat this time +將來(lái)時(shí)間點(diǎn)1）表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou. What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning?2）表示將來(lái)

16、被客觀情況所決定的動(dòng)作或者按照安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 Well be having tea after dinner as usual. The leaves will be falling soon.過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)should/would be v-ing1) 表示在過(guò)去的將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 He asked me what I should be doing at ten the next day. They said that they would be expecting us the next week.2) 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之后即將或按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 He

17、said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.完成時(shí)態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)名稱結(jié)構(gòu)常連用的詞主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+ p.p（過(guò)去分詞）already；just；before;yet(否定句中)；ever；never； since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)；since+一段時(shí)間+ago;by+現(xiàn)在時(shí)間；so far; up to now; till now; until now;recently/lately;1)表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛完成，漢語(yǔ)常用了或過(guò)來(lái)表示。 We have already set up many new f

18、actories in this area. The new books have not arrived yet. Many westerners have never seen a giant panda.2）還可表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。 How long have you been in Beijing ? I have been in Beijing for four years. Three years have passed since we left school. Up to now, I have finished two-thirds

19、 of the work.3）在條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已完成的動(dòng)作。 Perhaps Ill know more English after I have learnt it for two years.特別注意：1. This is (It is) the first /second time that 句型中，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在“It was the second time that ”中，也能用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 This is the second time that I have seen the film. That was the third time that

20、 I had visited the place.2. It is (has been) since 句型中，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 It is （has been） three years since I began to work on the state farm.3.在完成時(shí)中，一個(gè)瞬間性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)（for, since, how long等）連用，此時(shí)必須將該瞬間動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。buyhaveborrowkeepcatch/get a coldhave a coldcome / arrive/reach/get tobebecomebe

21、gobeput onwearjoinbe ingo to schoolbe a studentdiebe deadbegin/startbe onleavebe awayfall asleepbe asleepopenbe openclose/shutbe closedendbe overmarrybe married He has come back for three weeks. () He has been back for three weeks. () The writer has died for two years. () The writer has been dead fo

22、r two years. () He has left for 6 days. () He has been away for 6 days. ()過(guò)去完成時(shí)had + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）過(guò)去的過(guò)去：by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間；表“過(guò)去某動(dòng)作或時(shí)間以前”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作。 By the end of last week we had learned ten lessons. In the exhibition he saw many oil paintings that he had never seen before.2) 表示由過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一

23、直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。 It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months. He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 1980.3) 常用語(yǔ)no sooner than 和hardly (scarcely) when 句型的主句中，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。（倒裝） No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.他一到家，就開(kāi)始下雨了。 He had hardly got on the

24、train when the train started out. 他剛上火車，火車就開(kāi)了。4)在would rather, would prefer等后面的從句中，如果表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或情況，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 Id rather you had been here yesterday.要是你昨晚在這就好了。將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/shall have + p.pby +將來(lái)時(shí)間by the time +將來(lái)時(shí)間表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。 By the end of this week， I shall have finished the book. The children will h

25、ave gone to sleep by the time we get home. When you come tonight at eight oclock，I shall have written my paper.過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)should/would have + p.p表示在過(guò)去的將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。 He said he would have paid back the money by the end of the week. We told him that we should have returned to the camp by four oclock.

26、I hoped she would have finished the work before I got back.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)名稱結(jié)構(gòu)主要用法現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been + v-ing表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在?，F(xiàn)在這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能已經(jīng)終止，也可能仍然在進(jìn)行著。 I have been waiting for you for two hours. He has been working on the paper all day. -How long have you been learning English? -I have been learning Engl

27、ish for two years.注意：有些不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如be，have，like，love，know，see，hear等，同樣也不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，而只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 She has been ill for a long time. I have not seen you for ages.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been +V-ing表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前開(kāi)始并延續(xù)到過(guò)去這個(gè)時(shí)間，這一動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行，也可能已經(jīng)停止。 The baby had been crying for fifteen minutes when her mother came in. The

28、teacher had been teaching for forty years by the time he retired. It seemed to her that the boys had been shouting for a long time.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. _ a concert next Saturday?A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are2. Its good to see you again, Agnes. This has been our first chance to vis

29、it since from Iran.A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning3. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine4. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. w

30、as to travel5. Sorry, I cant open the door, for I the key to it.A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost6. “ What s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ” “ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _ of my friends back home. ”A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking D. have just tho

31、ught7. Did you expect Frank to come to the party? No, but I had hoped .A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come8. Bob must be very wealthy. Yes, he more in one day than I do in a week.A. has been earned B. had earned C. earns D. has earned9. I first met Lisa three years ag

32、o. She _ at a radio shop at the time.A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked10. She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home. A has left; comes B had left; would come C had left; came D left; had come11. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years

33、.A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying12. -Mr Gorden asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon . Dont forget it !-OK. I _ . A. wont B. dont C. will D. do 13. When I reached home, my parents _their supper.A.are having B.have already had C.have hadD. had alrea

34、dy had14. She _in this school _the past ten years.A.was teaching, since B. had been teaching, since C.would teach, forD. has been teaching, for15. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He _ in a radio factory at that time.A. had worked B. has worked C. was working D. has been working16. - What _ when I phon

35、ed you?- I _ my work, and I wanted to go out.A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finishedC. did you do; had just finished D. were you doing; had just finished17. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _ coffee.A. prefer B. preferred C. had preferred D. am preferring18. Jim talk

36、ed for about half an hour yesterday. Never _ him talk so much.A. I heard B. did I hear C. I had heard D. had I heard19. He _ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he _ about forty articles.A. has been writing; has written B. had been writing; wroteC. is writing; has been writing D.

37、has written; has written20. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come21. - How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?- I _ yet, but I _ taking a train.A. didnt decide; am considering B. havent decided; considerC. havent decided; am considering D. hadnt decided; have considered22. - Whos the man over there?- Its Jack.- Oh? _ in Italy.A