英語句子的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)

1、英語句子的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)主+謂 (S+V)不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.=intransitive verb）作謂語，其后不接補(bǔ)語（complement）或賓語(object),但可接狀語（adverbial）說明謂語動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)作的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等。主語也可有修飾語（adjunct）-定語(attribute)。The red sun rise in the east.主+謂+賓（S+V+O）及物動(dòng)詞（vt.=transitive verb）作謂語，其后接直接賓語（direct object）,即受謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作影響的人或事物，有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。在S+V+O的句式中謂語動(dòng)詞必須是vt. vt. + adv.,名詞作

2、賓語可前可后，不定代詞作賓語在中間。 vt. + n.+prep.其后接名詞或代詞作賓語，例如：pay attention to, make fun of, make use of , take care of, take part in, take pride in. vt.+ object clauses vt.+ the composite structure of the gerund (動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)) vi.+ prep. 賓語只能在prep.之后They carried out the plan successfully.The nurse will take good car

3、e of your father.I dont know where he comes from.I dont remember his giving me a hand. Ive never thought of it.主+謂+間賓+直賓(S+V+IO+DO)此結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞或短語，其后接直接（sb.）和間接（sth.）兩個(gè)賓語，可有兩種被動(dòng)語態(tài)的變化。S + V + sth. + to + sb.結(jié)構(gòu)的雙賓語。例如：offer, allow, bring, give, hand, lend, owe, show, teach, tell, passS + V + sth. +

4、for + sb.結(jié)構(gòu)的雙賓語。例如：buy, choose, fetch, prepare, order, save, sing, spare, win, earnI owe you my success in my career.= I owe my success to you.Can you spare my five minutes? = Can you spare five minutes for me?主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)（S+V+O+OC）此結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞或短語，補(bǔ)足語可以為名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式。此句式變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后，其中的賓補(bǔ)改稱為主補(bǔ)（SC）。We

5、made/chose him captain of our football team. = He was made/chosen captain of our football team.主+系+表（S+V+P）此結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞（copula）無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也無進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。常用的系動(dòng)詞除be動(dòng)詞外，還有感官動(dòng)詞，變化動(dòng)詞（become/get/grow/turn/go/fall/run）,延續(xù)保持類動(dòng)詞（remain/keep/seem/hold/stay）,好像類動(dòng)詞（seem/appear/prove）Their plan proved impractical.Whether we

6、can settle the problem remains unknown.一、主謂結(jié)構(gòu)The red sun rises in the east. This kind of paper tears easily. A tiger had got out.該句式中的謂語動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.=intransitive verb）,所以不能接賓語或補(bǔ)語，也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但可以接修飾成分，修飾主語的的-定語，修飾謂語的-狀語。主謂結(jié)構(gòu)常用來表示主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。練習(xí)一 畫出下列句子的成分。1. In the last ten years great changes have taken pla

7、ce in my hometown.2. The girls came, dancing and laughing.3. At the meeting lots of problems concerning fund came up.4. In front of the house grows a tall tress with thick leaves and branches.5. It never occurred to me that he would come to help me.練習(xí)二 翻譯句子。1. 我的英語水平提高了很多。2. 昨晚，那座橋上發(fā)生了一起交通事故。3. 一些孩子

8、正在操場(chǎng)上高興的玩耍。4. 會(huì)議將在什么時(shí)候舉行？5. 有多少國家要參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)？二、主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)They laughed at the blind man. = The blind man was laughed at by them.They carried out the plan successfully. = The plan was carried out successfully by them.The nurse will take good care of your father. = Your father will be taken good care of by the n

9、urse.練習(xí)一 畫出下列句子的成分。1. She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.2. I wondered whether to accept or refuse the offer.3. I suggest that you listen to English programs as often as possible.4. I appreciate your coming to our party.5. Now the government pays more attention to the problem of

10、 education.練習(xí)二 翻譯句子。1. 我喜歡做網(wǎng)頁。2. 他們還未被告知什么時(shí)候出發(fā)。3. 我盼望收到你的來信。4. 我疑惑他為什么要放棄那樣的一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。5. 我沒有看到他的工作情況,無法評(píng)論他的能力。三、主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu)They offer us free textbooks. We were offered free textbooks. Free textbooks were offered to us.練習(xí)一 分析句子的成分，并用to/for 進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. I passed him the salt.2. She cooked us a delicious meal.3.

11、The new machine will save a lot of labour.4. She sang a folk song.5. Her wonderful performance won her a good reputation.練習(xí)二 用主謂賓賓結(jié)翻譯句子。1. 我替你叫輛出租車好嗎？2. 那個(gè)老人正在給孩子們講故事。3. 只要你不失去信心，我會(huì)給你提供機(jī)會(huì)的。4. 他把車票給列車員看。5. 他的誠實(shí)為他贏得了人們的尊敬。四、主謂賓賓補(bǔ)He painted the wall white. = The wall was painted white.He watched the pi

12、ano carried upstairs. = The piano was watched carried upstairs.They robbed the bank of millions of dollars. = The bank was robbed of millions of dollars.I consider it necessary that we spend more time practising spoken English. = It is considered necessary that we spend more time practising spoken E

13、nglish.練習(xí)一 將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。1. The government has warned the villagers of the flood.2. The boss made him work day and night.3. Many people consider it possible for us to master two foreign languages.4. I saw her chatting with Nancy.練習(xí)二 翻譯句子。1. 我們必須保持我們的學(xué)校清潔。2. 我認(rèn)為有必要提高我們的社交能力。3. 我們覺得他是個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。4. 據(jù)說他正在國外學(xué)習(xí)。5. 我們應(yīng)該禁止人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)合吸煙。五、主系表表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing、從句來充當(dāng)。練習(xí)一 畫出句子的成分。1. The problem is what to do with the waste water.2. How can the water in the sea stay clean?3. What Id li