直接引語與間接引語

1、下面有一句順口溜“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”（ 一主二賓三不變.）?！耙浑S主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。如：She said. “My brother wants to go with me. ”She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱?；虮坏诙四闼揎棥木渲械娜朔Q要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱。 如：He said to Kate. “How i

2、s your sister now?”He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。 如：Mr Smith said。 “Jack is a good worker。”Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。直引若是一般問，變間ifwhether連。語序變?yōu)殛愂鍪?，時(shí)態(tài)人稱相應(yīng)變。直引若是特殊問，疑問詞連接記心間。其余問題挺簡(jiǎn)單，一切只當(dāng)一般問。直引若是祈使句，謂語動(dòng)詞挺要緊。 toldaskedordered

3、,根據(jù)口氣來選定。告訴人、請(qǐng)人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句,not to do后邊行。直接引語變間接引語練習(xí)題1He said: “Ive left my book in my room.”2She said: “He will be busy.”3She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”4She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”5The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”6The teacher said to the students, “Dont wast

4、e your time.”7The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”8The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”9My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”10The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”11He said, “We are still students.12He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”13The engineer sai

5、d, “I was at college in 1967.”14He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” 15She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.16Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”17He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.18She said, “He deman

6、ded that the girl leave at once.”19I said to him, “I have finished it.”20She said to us,“ Ill come here tomorrow.”21“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked.22“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily. 23“Light travels fas

7、ter than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. 24“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.25“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.直接引語變間接引語專練題（二）.單項(xiàng)選擇1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how muc

8、h did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C

9、. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that

10、 the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are y

11、ou a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am

12、I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said

13、to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do附答案：1 He told me that he had left his book in his room.2 She said that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6 The teacher to

14、ld the students not to waste their time.7 The mother asked Tom to get up early.8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9 My father said practice makes perfect.10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.11 He said they are still students.12 He told me that he was born in 1978

15、.13 The engineer said he was at college in 1967.14 He said he had studied English since he was a boy.15 She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.16 Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.17 He said they (had) insisted that she start imm

16、ediately.18 She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.19 I told him I had finished it.20 She told us she would come here tomorrow21 The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.22 The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.23 T

17、he physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.24 Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening.25 The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before.答案與簡(jiǎn)析：1. D 賓語從句要用陳述句語序。 2. D 一般疑問句要變成whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句. 3. C 直接引語為祈使句, 變

18、間接引語時(shí), 主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞往往根據(jù)直接引語的口氣換用ask (請(qǐng)求), tell (告訴), order (命令), invite (邀請(qǐng)), warn (警告), advise (建議)等, 而直接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞要變成動(dòng)詞不等式。即ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advise sb. (not) to do sth. 4. D直接引語為陳述句, 變間接引語時(shí)用that引導(dǎo)(口語中常省略)。 5. C 6. B反意疑問句要變成whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。7. C 選擇疑問句要變成whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。8. C直接引語為特殊疑問句, 變間接引語時(shí)

19、, 用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo), 并將疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。9. D注意時(shí)態(tài)的一致。What作主語，the matter（=wrong）作表語。10. D直接引語為祈使句, 變間接引語時(shí), 主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞往往根據(jù)直接引語的口氣換用。.I. 請(qǐng)選出正確的答案： 1. “Youve already got well， havent you？” she asked. She asked _.A. if I have already got well， hadnt you B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had

20、I already got well.2. He asked ， “ Are you a Party member or a League member？”He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.3. He asked， “How are you ge

21、tting along？” He asked _.A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along4. He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter5. He said， “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again.A.

22、said to me； not to do B. said to me； dont doC. told me； dont do D. told me； not to do6. Can you make sure _？A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here todayC. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today7. Do you happen to know _？A. where is her addressB. in which place

23、is her addressC. what her address isD. the place her address is8. Excuse me， but can you tell me _？A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the libraryC. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library9. John asked me _ to visit his uncles farm with him.A. how would I lik

24、eB. if or not would I likeC. whether I would like D. which I would like10. Id like to know _ Chinese.A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learnC. when did he begin learningD. for how long he began to learn II. 將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語： 1. “You should be more careful next time，” his father said to hi

25、m.2. Mr. Wang said， “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month， children”3. “I havent heard from my parents these days，” said Mary.4. The geography teacher said to us， “The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.”5. She said to him， “Its time that you left here.”6. Zhang

26、 Hong said to me， “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”7. John said to his parents， “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.”8. The history teacher said to them， “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st ，1921.”9. He said， “Are you a student？”10. “Have you anything interesti

27、ng I can read， George？” she said.11. “Shes here to ask for help， isnt she？” he asked.12. “Where are you going？” the father asked his son.13. “Are you sorry for what you have done？” the mother asked the naughty boy.14. She said， “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago， Mr. Li？”15. “Write

28、your names on your papers first，” the teacher said to us.16. “Please come here again tomorrow，” her friend said to her.17. “Let me pack the parcel for you，” he said.18. “Dont make so much noise in class， boys and girls，” said the teacher.19. “What a lovely day it is！”20. “Happy New Year to you！” he

29、said.III. 把下列句子變?yōu)橹苯右Z： 1. I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it.2. She asked whether I would be free the next day or not.3. I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day.4. His father told him not to climb that high tree in his new coat.5. The stran

30、ger asked me what my name was.6. She said that she would finish her work the next day.7. The teacher asked if we could do it.8. The commander ordered his men not to cross the river before dawn.9. My teacher asked whether he was coming.10. The scientist asked me what I was doing.答案I. 15B C C D D610A

31、C D C AII. 1. His father told him that he should be more careful the next time.2. Mr. Wang told the children that he would leave for Shanghai on business the next month.3. Mary said that she hadnt heard from her parents those days.4. The geography teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth

32、 and the earth goes round the sun.5. She told him that it was time that he left there.6. Zhang Hong told me that Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.7. John told his parents that he had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.8. The history teacher told them that the Chinese Communist Party wa

33、s founded on July 1st， 1929. He asked whether I was a student.10. She asked George if he had anything interesting she could read.11. He asked whether she was there to ask for help or not.12. The father asked his son where he was going.13. The mother asked the naughty boy if he was sorry for what he

34、had done.14. She asked Mr. Li whether he had met that man at the station two hours before.15. The teacher told us to write our names on our papers first.16. Her friend asked her to go there again the next/ following day.17. He offered to pack the parcel for me.18. The teacher told the boys and girls

35、 not to make so much noise in class.19. He/ She exclaimed that it was really a lovely day.20. He wished me a Happy New Year.III. 1. I said to him， “I have lost my money . I will find it.”2. She asked ， “ You will be free tomorrow， wont you？”3. I asked her， “Where are you going and what are you going

36、 to do tomorrow？”4. His father said， “Dont climb this high tree in your new coat.”5. The stranger asked， “ Whats your name？”6. “Ill finish my work tomorrow，” she said.7. The teacher asked， “Can you do it ？”8. The commander ordered his men， “Dont cross the river before dawn.”9. My teacher asked， “Is

37、he coming？”10.The scientist asked me， “What are you doing？” 直接引語就是直接引用別人的話，并把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)；間接引語就是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不加引號(hào)。直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，間接引語通常以賓語從句的形式出現(xiàn)。直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)還要注意人稱的變化、時(shí)態(tài)的變化、指示代詞的變化、時(shí)間狀語的變化及地點(diǎn)狀語的變化。1. 直接引語是陳述句變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法 如果直接引語是陳述句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，由連詞that引導(dǎo)（在口語中that常省略）。主句中如果有say to somebody （對(duì)某人說），通常變?yōu)閠ell somebody （告

38、訴某人）。 He said, “I get on well with people here.”He said that he got on well with people there. Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.”Susan said that they could finish the work the next day. John said to me, “I told her all about it three days ago.” John told me that he had told her all about

39、 it three days before. 【提醒注意】如果直接引語是兩個(gè)并列的陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，第一個(gè)賓語從句前的that有時(shí)可省略，但第二個(gè)賓語從句前的that不可省略。He said, “I like swimming and I want to go swimming with you.”He said (that) he liked swimming and that he wanted to go swimming with us. 2. 直接引語是一般疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法 直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要用連詞whether 或if 引導(dǎo)，同時(shí)把原來的疑問

40、句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是said時(shí)，要改為asked，沒有間接賓語時(shí)，還可根據(jù)具體情況加一個(gè)間接賓語，如me, us, him等。The teacher said, “Will you be back today?”The teacher asked (him) if (whether) he would be back that day. He asked, “Has the bell rung?”He asked if / whether the bell had rung. “Shall (Should) I tell her your telephone number?

41、” he asked me. （表示詢問、征求意見）He wanted to know if （whether） he should tell her my telephone number. 【提醒注意】 “Would you like to.?”和“Would you please.?” 表示的是請(qǐng)求，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞不定式形式。 “Would you like to help me with my lessons?” she asked me. She asked me to help her with her lessons.3. 直接引語是特殊疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語的方法 直接引語如果是特殊疑問句（即what, which, who, whom, whose, how, why, when, where, how many, how long等引導(dǎo)的疑問句），變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，仍用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)，但要把原來的疑問句語序改為陳述句語序。 He aske