包裝技術(shù)交流講義.ppt

TRANSPORTPACKAGETESTINGANDTECHNICALCOMMUNION運(yùn)輸包裝測試及技術(shù)交流耿濤（GENEGENG）通標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)技術(shù)服務(wù)有限公司上海分公司EMAILGENEGENGSGSCOMTEL021610729722運(yùn)輸包裝的定義N為了盡可能降低運(yùn)輸流通過程對產(chǎn)品造成損壞，保障產(chǎn)品的安全，方便儲運(yùn)裝卸，加速交接點驗，人們將包裝中以運(yùn)輸儲運(yùn)為主要目的的包裝稱之為運(yùn)輸包裝。3運(yùn)輸包裝的基本要求運(yùn)輸包裝應(yīng)具有以下基本要求N具有足夠的強(qiáng)度、剛度與穩(wěn)定性；N具有防水、防潮、防蟲、防腐、防盜等防護(hù)能力；N包裝材料選用符合經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全的要求；N包裝重量、尺寸、標(biāo)志、形式等應(yīng)符合國際與國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，便干搬運(yùn)與裝卸N能減輕工人勞動強(qiáng)度、使操作安全便利。N符合環(huán)保要求。N運(yùn)輸包裝器具設(shè)計應(yīng)遵循的基本原則標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、系列化原則；集裝化、大型化原則；多元化、專業(yè)化原則；科學(xué)化原則；生態(tài)化原則等。4運(yùn)輸包裝的形式N內(nèi)包裝N襯板N泡沫塑料及其替代品N氣墊薄膜N現(xiàn)場發(fā)泡N填料5運(yùn)輸包裝的標(biāo)志的作用N運(yùn)輸包裝的標(biāo)志，其主要作用是在儲運(yùn)過程中識別貨物，合理操作、按其用途可分成運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志（SHIPPINGMARK）、指示性標(biāo)志（INDICATIVEMARK）、警告性標(biāo)志（WARNINGMARK）、重量體積標(biāo)志和產(chǎn)地標(biāo)志。運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志、又稱嘜頭，是一種識別標(biāo)志。6運(yùn)輸包裝標(biāo)志的內(nèi)容N按ISO的建議，運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志包括四項內(nèi)容L收貨人名稱的英文縮寫或簡稱；2參考號，如訂單、發(fā)票或運(yùn)單號碼；3目的地；4件號；例如1ABCD收貨人名稱2SC9750合同號碼；3LONDON目的港；4NO420件號（順序號和總件數(shù)）7運(yùn)輸包裝標(biāo)志的內(nèi)容N運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志在國際貿(mào)易中還有其特殊的作用。按公約規(guī)定，在商品特定化以前，風(fēng)險不轉(zhuǎn)移到買方承擔(dān)。而商品特定化最常見的有效方式，是在商品外包裝上，標(biāo)明運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志。此外，國際貿(mào)易主要采用的是憑單付款的方式，而主要的出口單據(jù)如發(fā)票、提單、保險單上，都必須顯示出運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志。商品以集裝箱方式運(yùn)輸時，運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志可被集裝箱號碼和封口號碼取代N指示性標(biāo)志。是一種操作注意標(biāo)志，以圖形和文字表達(dá)。如小心輕放、由此起吊、禁止翻滾等。N警告性標(biāo)志。又稱危險品標(biāo)志，用以說明商品系易燃、易爆、有毒、腐蝕性或放射性等危險性貨物。以圖形及文字表達(dá)。對危險性貨物的包裝儲運(yùn)，各國政府制訂有專門的法規(guī)，應(yīng)嚴(yán)格遵照執(zhí)行。N重量體積標(biāo)志。運(yùn)輸包裝外通常都標(biāo)明包裝的體積和毛重，以方便儲運(yùn)過程中安排裝卸作業(yè)和艙位。N產(chǎn)地標(biāo)志、商品產(chǎn)地是海關(guān)統(tǒng)計和征稅的重要依據(jù)，由產(chǎn)地證說明。但一般在內(nèi)外包裝上均注明產(chǎn)地，作為商品說明的一個重要內(nèi)容。8運(yùn)輸包裝的方式運(yùn)輸包裝的方式和造型多種多樣，用料和質(zhì)地各不相同，包裝程度也有差異，這就導(dǎo)致運(yùn)輸包裝具有下列多樣性N按包裝方式，可分為單件運(yùn)輸包裝和集合運(yùn)輸包裝前者，是指貨物在運(yùn)輸過程中作為一個計件單位的包裝；后者，是指將若干單件運(yùn)輸包裝組合成一件大包裝，以利更有效地保護(hù)商品，提高裝卸效率和節(jié)省運(yùn)輸費(fèi)有，在國際貿(mào)易中，常見的集合運(yùn)輸包裝有集裝包和集裝袋N按包裝型不同，可分為箱袋，桶和捆不同形狀的包裝N按包裝材料不同，可分為紙制包裝，金屬包裝，木制包裝，塑料包裝，麻制品包裝，竹，柳，草制品包裝，玻璃制品包裝和陶瓷包裝等N按包裝質(zhì)地來分有軟性包墳，半硬性包裝和硬性包裝，究竟采用其中哪一種，須視商品的特性而定N按包裝程度不同，可分為全部包裝和局部包裝N在國際貿(mào)易中，買賣雙方究竟采用何種運(yùn)輸包裝，應(yīng)在合同中具體訂明。9運(yùn)輸包裝的作用和目的N保護(hù)克服物流過程中的各種危險因素N容裝防止物品從容器中脫出，集合產(chǎn)品N搬運(yùn)適應(yīng)搬運(yùn)和存儲系統(tǒng)，充分利用空間N交接系列22A,2B,2C,2D,2E系列33A,3E,3F,3H運(yùn)輸中的振動振動固定的擺放位置圓周式振動垂直式振動隨機(jī)垂直式振動水平式振動多軸式振動系列11A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1G,1H系列22A,2B,2C,2D,2E系列33A,3E,3F,3H62分發(fā)時遇到的危險類型主要測試分類測試項目對應(yīng)的ISTA測試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)倉庫堆壓壓箱靜壓（砝碼，載荷板）機(jī)械達(dá)到壓力值后松開達(dá)到壓力值后保持系列11C,1D系列22A,2B系列33E,3F,3H氣候條件環(huán)境處理溫度濕度大氣壓系列1無系列22A,2B,2C系列33A,3E,3F,3H測試項目總結(jié)63SGS獲取ISTA認(rèn)可的測試項目NISTA1系列1A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1G,1HNISTA2系列2A,2B,2C,2D,2ENISTA3系列3A,3E,3F64LABCAPACITYTRANSPORTATIONTESTINGFORPACKAGEDPRODUCTNOTESTPROPERTYSTANDARDAPPLIED1ISTAPACKAGEDTRANSPORTATIONTESTISTAPROCEDURE1A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1G,1H,2A,2B,2C,2D,2E,2F,3A,3E,3F2FIXEDDISPLACEMENTVIBRATIONTESTASTMD9993RANDOMVIBRATIONTESTASTMD4728,ASTMD41694DROPTESTASTMD52765INCLINEIMPACTTESTASTMD8806COMPRESSIONTESTFORSHIPPINGCARTONASTMD6427ATMOSPHERICCONDITIONINGTESTASTMD433265LABCAPACITYNOTESTITEMSNOTESTITEMS1EDGECOMPRESSIVESTRENGTHTEST8BECKSMOOTHNESSTEST2BURSTINGSTRENGTHTEST9INKABRASIONRESISTANCETEST3PUNCTURERESISTANCETEST10BENDINGSTIFFNESSTEST4TEARINGRESISTANCETEST11COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHOFRINGCRUSH5THICKNESSTEST12PLYADHESIVESTRENGTHTEST6WATERABSORPTIVENESSTEST13FLATCRUSHSTRENGTHTEST7FOLDINGENDURANCETEST14GRAMMAGE2TESTINGFORPACKAGEMATERIAL66LABEQUIPMENT1RANDOMVIBRATIONTESTERPERFORMANCEFREQUENCYRANGE1300HZMAXACTUATOR5000KGMAXPAYLOADS1500KGMAXIMUMSTROKE100MMPEAKTOPEAKSTANDARDTABLESIZE1520X1520MMTHEMAXSIZECANBE2400X2400MMCOUNTRYOFORIGINUSA（LAB）CHARACTERISTIC1HEAVIERPAYLOADS2LARGERDISPLACEMENTORVELOCITY3BROADERFREQUENCYRANGE4HYDRAULICDRIVESYSTEMRANDOMVIBRATIONTESTER67LABEQUIPMENT2VERTICALLINERMOTIONVIBRATIONTESTERPERFORMANCEMAXPAYLOAD300KGMAXIMUMSTROKE254MMPERFORMANCE06HZTABLESIZE11002000MMVIBRATIONSTYLEVERTICALLINERMOTIONVIBRATIONTESTER68LABEQUIPMENT3CIRCULARVIBRATIONTESTERPERFORMANCEMAXPAYLOAD150KGMAXIMUMSTROKE254MMPERFORMANCE06HZTABLESIZE12001600MMVIBRATIONSTYLECIRCULARMOTIONCIRCULARVIBRATIONTESTER69LABEQUIPMENT4TEMPERATUREHUMIDITYCHAMBERPERFORMANCETEMPERATURERANGE70150HUMIDITYRANGE1098RHACCURACYOFTEMPERATURE05UNIFORMITYOFTEMPERATURE20UNIFORMITYOFHUMIDITY30RH75RH,50RH75RHHEATINGTIME7015080MINCOOLINGTIME207090MINDISPLAYLCDTOUCHSCREENDISPLAYINTERNALSIZE100010001000MMTEMPERATUREHUMIDITYCHAMBER70LABEQUIPMENT5COMPRESSIONTESTERPERFORMANCECAPACITY03000KGFSENSITIVEOFTRANSDUCER1/1000TABLESIZE1500X1500MMVELOCITY127MM/MIN,5100MM/MINUNIVERSALTESTMACHINE71LABEQUIPMENT6DROPTESTER1PERFORMANCEMAXPAYLOADS300KGDROPHEIGHT01500MMDROPOPERATIONHANDHELDPENDANTSWITCHDROPTESTER172LABEQUIPMENT7DROPTESTER2PERFORMANCEMAXPAYLOADS150KGDROPHEIGHT3001500MMDROPOPERATIONMANUALLEAFRESETDROPTESTER273LABEQUIPMENT8INCLINEIMPACTTESTERPERFORMANCEMAXDOLLYTRAVEL4000MMIMPACTFACE1000X2000MMMAXIMPACTVELOCITY325M/SDOLLYSURFACEAREA1020X1220MMMAXPAYLOADS400KGGRADIENT10OINCLINEIMPACTTESTER74LABCAPACITY1TEMPERATUREHUMIDITYHOUSEPERFORMANCETEMPERATURE231HUMIDITY502RHINTERNALSIZE600060002600MMTEMPERATUREHUMIDITYHOUSE75LABCAPACITY2BURSTINGTESTBURSTINGSTRENGTHASPECIMENOFBOARDISCLAMPEDBETWEENTWOPLATENSWITHCIRCULAROPENINGSINTHEIRCENTERSANEXPANSIBLEDIAPHRAGMISDISTENDEDTHROUGHTHELOWERPLATENBYMEANSOFHYDRAULICPRESSUREUNTILTHESPECIMENBURSTSTHEMAXIMUMHYDRAULICPRESSUREWHENTHESPECIMENRUPTURESISRECORDEDAVAILABLEFORBURSTINGSTRENGTHOFPAPER,PAPERBOARD,CORRUGATEDBOARD,COMPOUNDLEATHER,CLOTHANDSOONSTANDARDTAPPIT810,ISO2759,GB/T6545MULLENBURSTINGTESTER76LABCAPACITY3PUNCTURERESISTANCETESTPUNCTURERESISTANCETHEPUNCTURERESISTANCEOFCOMBINEDBOARDINDICATESTHEABILITYOFTHEFINISHEDCONTAINERTOWITHSTANDEXTERNALANDINTERNALPOINTPRESSUREFORCESANDTOPROTECTTHEPRODUCTDURINGROUGHHANDLINGAVAILABLEFORITISUSEDONHEAVYDOUBLEWALLANDTRIPLEWALLASANALTERNATIVETOBURSTSTANDARDTAPPIT803,ISO3036,GB/T26797PUNCTURERESISTANCETESTER77LABCAPACITY4TEARINGRESISTANCETESTTEARINGRESISTANCEMORETHANONESHEETOFTHESAMPLEMATERIALARETORNTOGETHERTHROUGHAFIXEDDISTANCEBYMEANSOFTHEPENDULUMOFANELMENDORFTYPETEARINGTESTERTHEWORKDONEINTEARINGISMEASUREDBYTHELOSSINPOTENTIALENERGYOFTHEPENDULUMAVAILABLEFORITUSEDONPAPERANDPAPERBOARDHAVINGLOWGRAMMAGESTANDARDTAPPIT414,ISO1974,GB/T455TEARINGRESISTANCETESTER78LABCAPACITY5THICKNESSTESTTHICKNESSTHETESTERISAPPLYINGTOTESTTHETHICKNESSOFFLATSHEETSPECIMENSAVAILABLEFORPAPER,PAPERBOARD,CORRUGATEDFIBERBOARDANDOTHERMATERIALSTANDARDTAPPIT411,ISO534,GB/T4513THICKNESSTESTER79LABCAPACITY6WATERABSORPTIVENESSTESTWATERABSORPTIVENESSATESTPIECEISWEIGHEDIMMEDIATELYBEFOREANDIMMEDIATELYAFTEREXPOSUREFORASPECIFIEDTIMEOFONESURFACETOWATER,FOLLOWEDBYBLOTTINGAVAILABLEFORPAPER,PAPERBOARD,CORRUGATEDFIBERBOARDSTANDARDISO535WATERABSORPTIVENESSTESTER80LABCAPACITY7FOLDINGENDURANCETESTMITFOLDINGENDURANCETHELOGARITHMTOTHEBASE10OFTHENUMBEROFDOUBLEFOLDSREQUIREDTOBREAKTHEPAPERWHENASTRIPOFPAPER15MM059INWIDEISTESTEDUNDERASTANDARDTENSIONAVAILABLEFORPAPER,PAPERBOARDANDOTHERMATERIALSTANDARDGB/T26795,TAPPIT511,ASTMD2176,ISO5626FOLDINGENDURANCETESTER81LABCAPACITY8BECKSMOOTHNESSTESTFOLDINGENDURANCETHETIMEAIRLEAKFROMTHEGAPBETWEENTESTEDMATERIALANDPLATENUNDERASPECIFIEDPRESSUREANDAREAAVAILABLEFORITISAPPLIEDTOMEASURESMOOTHNESSOFPAPERANDCARDBOARD,BUTNOTPROPERTOMEASURETHESHEETABOVE05MMORWITHFREERAIRPERMEABILITYSTANDARDISO5627TAPPIT479BECKSMOOTHNESSTESTER82LABCAPACITY9SUTHERLANDRUBTESTABRASIONRESISTANCETHISPRACTICECOVERSAPROCEDUREFORDETERMININGTHEABRASIONRESISTANCEOFPRINTEDMATERIALAVAILABLEFORLABELS,FOLDINGCARTONS,CORRUGATEDBOXES,INSERTS,CIRCULARS,ANDOTHERPACKAGINGMATERIALSHAVINGGRAPHICSONAFLATSUBSTRATESTANDARDISO5264SUTHERLANDRUBTESTER83LABCAPACITY10BENDINGSTIFFNESSBENDINGSTIFFNESSATESTSPECIMENOFDEFINEDDIMENSIONSISBENTTHROUGHASPECIFIEDANGLEUSINGASPECIFICTESTINGINSTRUMENTTHERESULTINGBENDINGMOMENTISREADFROMTHEINSTRUMENTSCALEAVAILABLEFORBENDINGSTIFFNESSOFPAPERANDPAPERBOARDBETWEEN0TO500MNMSTANDARDISO2493,TAPPIT489BENDINGTESTER84LABCAPACITY11COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHOFRINGCRUSHCOMPRESSIVESTRENGTHOFRINGCRUSHACOMPRESSIONFORCEISEXERTEDONASPECIMENHELDINRINGFORMINASPECIALSAMPLEHOLDERANDPLACEDBETWEENTWOPLATENSOFACOMPRESSIONMACHINE,BYCAUSINGTHEDRIVENPLATENTOAPPROACHTHERIGIDPLATENATAUNIFORMSPEEDUNTILTHESPECIMENCOLLAPSESSIGNIFICANCETHEEDGEWISECOMPRESSIONSTRENGTHOFCORRUGATEDBOARDISTHEPRINCIPALELEMENTINDETERMININGTHEDYNAMICCOMPRESSIONSTRENGTHOFTHECONTAINERMADEFROMTHATBOARDSTANDARDTAPPIT409RINGCRUSHFITTINGS85LABCAPACITY12PLYADHESIVESTRENGTHPLYADHESIVESTRENGTHTHEFORCESEPARATETHEFACINGSFROMTHEFLUTETIPSOFCORRUGATEDBOARDAVAILABLEFORTHETESTISAVAILABLEFORFLUTEOF“A”,”B”,“C”STANDARDGB/T6548PLYADHESIVESTRENGTHFITTINGS86LABCAPACITY13FLATCRUSHRESISTANCETESTFLATCRUSHRESISTANCETHEFLUTESRESISTANCETOCRUSHINGISEVALUATEDAVAILABLEFORCORRUGATEDFIBERBOARDSTANDARDTAPPIT808,ISO3035FLATCRUSHRESISTANCESAMPLECUTTERCOMPRESSIVETESTER87ISTA3A3EISTA3AAVAILABLEFORNTESTPROCEDURE3AISAGENERALSIMULATIONTESTFORINDIVIDUALPACKAGEDPRODUCTSSHIPPEDTHROUGHAPARCELDELIVERYSYSTEMTESTITEMSN1ATMOSPHERICCONDITIONINGOPTIONALN2RANDOMVIBRATIONTESTN3SHOCKTEST88ISTA3A3EISTA3EAVAILABLEFORNTESTPROCEDURE3EISAGENERALSIMULATIONTESTFORUNITIZEDLOADSOFTHESAMERETAILORINSTITUTIONALPACKAGEDPRODUCTSTESTITEMSN1ATMOSPHERICCONDITIONINGOPTIONALN2SHOCKTESTN3COMPRESSIONTESTN4RANDOMVIBRATIONTEST89THISOPTIONALCONDITIONINGTESTISSIMULATINGTHECONDITIONWHEREPACKAGEDPRODUCTSUFFERSFROMPRACTICEINTRANSPORTTHETEMPERATUREANDHUMIDITYMAYPRODUCEINFLUENCETOPACKAGEANDPRODUCTTHECAPACITYOFTHECHAMBERNTEMPERATURE70150NHUMIDITY1098RHNINTERNALDIMENSION10001