外文翻譯--打包機.doc

致謝7附錄（英文資料翻譯）BalerAbalerisapieceoffarmmachineryusedtocompressacutandrakedcrop(suchashay,straw,orsilage)intocompactbalesthatareeasytohandle,transportandstoreSeveraldifferenttypesofbalersarecommonlyused,eachproducingadifferenttypeofbalesrectangularorcylindrical,ofvarioussizes,boundwithtwine,netting,orwire.Industrialbalersarealsousedinmaterialrecyclingfacilities,primarilyforbalingmetal,plastic,orpaperfortransport.RoundbalerThemostfrequentlyusedtypeofbalerinindustrializedcountriesisthelargeroundbaler.Itproducescylinder-shapedroundorrolledbales.Grassisrolledupinsidethebalerusingrubberizedbelts,fixedrollers,oracombinationofthetwo.Whenthebalereachesapredeterminedsize,eithernettingortwineiswrappedaroundittoholditsshape.Thebackofthebalerswingsopen,andthebaleisdischarged.Thebalesarecompleteatthisstage,buttheymayalsobewrappedinplasticsheetingbyabalewrapper,eithertokeephaydrywhenstoredoutsideorconvertdampgrassintosilage.Variable-chamberbalerstypicallyproducebalesfrom48to72inches(120to180cm)indiameterandupto60inches(150cm)inwidth.Thebalescanweighanywherefrom1,100to2,200pounds(500to1,000kg),dependinguponsize,material,andmoisturecontent.OriginallyconceivedbyUmmoLuebbenscirca1910,thefirstroundbalerdidnotseeproductionuntil1947,whenAllis-ChalmersintroducedtheRoto-Baler.Marketedforthewater-sheddingandlightweightpropertiesofitshaybales,AChadsoldnearly70,000unitsbytheendofproductionin1960.Thenextmajorinnovationcamein1972,whentheVermeerCompanybegansellingitsmodel605-thefirstmodernroundbaler.Previously,roundhaybaleshadbeenlittlemorethanlumpsofgrasstiedtogether,buttheVermeerdesignusedbeltstocompacthayintoacylindricalshapeasisseentoday.LargerectangularbalerAnothertypeofbalerincommonuseproduceslargerectangularbales,eachboundwithahalfdozenorsostringsoftwinewhicharethenknotted.Suchbalesarehighlycompactedandgenerallyweighsomewhatmorethanroundbales.IntheprairiesofCanadatheyarecalledprairieraptors.SmallrectangularbalerAtypeofbalerwhichislesscommontodayinsomeplacesbutwhichisstillprevalentinmanycountriessuchasNewZealandandAustraliatotheexclusionoflargebalesproducessmallrectangular(oftencalledsquare)bales.Eachbaleisabout15inx18inx40in(40x45x100cm).Thebalesarewrappedwithtwo,three,orsometimesfourstrandsofknottedtwine.Thebalesarelightenoughforonepersontohandle,about45to60inches(1.1to1.5m).Toformthebale,thematerialtobebaled,(whichisoftenhayorstraw)inthewindrowisliftedbytinesinthebalerspickup.Thismaterialisthendraggedoraugeredintoachamberthatrunsthelengthofonesideofthebaler.Acombinationplungerandknifemovesbackandforthin附錄thefrontendofthischamber.Theknife,positionedjustaheadoftheplunger,cutsoffthematerialatthespotwhereitentersthechamberfromthepickup.Theplungerramsthematerialrearwards,compressingitintothebales.Ameasuringdevicemeasurestheamountofmaterialthatisbeingcompressedand,attheappropriatelengthittriggersthemechanism(theknotter)thatwrapsthetwinearoundthebaleandtiesitoff.Asthenextbaleisformedthetiedoneisdrivenoutoftherearofthebalingchamberontothegroundorontoaspecialwagonhookedtotherearofthebaler.Thisprocesscontinuesaslongasthereismaterialtobebaled,andtwinetotieitwith.Thisformofbaleisnotmuchusedinlarge-scalecommercialagriculture,becauseofthecostsinvolvedinhandlingmanysmallbales.However,itenjoyssomepopularityinsmall-scale,low-mechanizationagricultureandhorse-keeping.Besidesusingsimplermachineryandbeingeasytohandle,thesesmallbalescanalsobeusedforinsulationandbuildingmaterialsinstraw-baleconstruction.Squarebaleswillalsogenerallyweatherbetterthanroundbalesbecauseamoremuchdensestackcanbeputup.Convenienceisalsoamajorfactorinfarmersdecidingtocontinueputtingupsquarebales,astheymakefeedingandbeddinginconfinedareas(stables,barns,etc.)mucheasier.Manyoftheseolderbalersarestilltobefoundonfarmstoday,particularlyindryareas,wherebalescanbeleftoutsideforlongperiods.Theautomatic-balerforsmallsquarebalestookonmostofitspresentformin1940.ItwasfirstmanufacturedbytheNewHollandAganditusedasmallpetrolenginetoprovideoperatingpower.Itisbasedona1937inventionforatwine-tiebalerwithautomaticpickup.WirebalersBalespriorto1937weremanuallywire-tiedwithtwobalingwires.Evenearlier,thebalerwasastationaryimplement,drivenbypowertake-off(PTO)andbelt,withthehaybeingbroughttothebalerandfedinbyhand.Thebiggestchangetothistypeofbalersince1940isbeingpoweredbythetractorthroughitsPTO,insteadofbyabuilt-ininternalcombustionengine.Inpresentdayproduction,smallsquarebalerscanbeorderedwithtwineknottersorwiretieknotters.PickupandhandlingmethodsInthe1940smostfarmerswouldbalehayinthefieldwithasmalltractorwith20orlesshorsepower,andthetiedbaleswouldbedroppedontothegroundasthebalermovedthroughthefield.Anotherteamofworkerswithhorsesandaflatbedwagonwithwouldcomebyanduseasharpmetalhooktograbthebaleandthrowitupontothewagonwhileanassistantstacksthebale,fortransporttothebarn.Alatertime-savinginnovationwastotowtheflatbedwagondirectlybehindthebaler,andthebalewouldbepusheduparamptoawaitingattendantonthewagon.Theattendanthooksthebaleofftherampandstacksitonthewagon,whilewaitingforthenextbaletobeproduced.Eventually,astractorhorsepowerincreased,thethrower-balerbecamepossible,whicheliminatedtheneedforsomeonetostandonthewagonandpickupthefinishedbales.Thefirstthrowermechanismusedtwofast-movingfrictionbeltstograbfinishedbalesandthrowthematanangleupintheairontothebalewagon.Thebalewagonwasmodifiedfromaflatbedintoa3-sidedskeletonframeopenatthefront,toactasacatchersnetforthethrownbales.Astractorhorsepowerfurtherincreased,thenextinnovationofthethrower-balerwasthehydraulictossingbaler.Thisemploysaflatpanbehindthebaleknotter.Asbalesadvanceoutthebackofthebaler,theyarepushedontothepanoneatatime.Whenthebalehasmovedfullyontothepan,thepansuddenlypopsup,pushedbyalargehydrauliccylinder,andtossesthebaleupintothewagonlikeacatapult.Thepan-throwermethodputsmuchlessstressonthebalescomparedtothebelt-thrower.Thefrictionbeltsofthebelt-throwerstressthetwineandknotsastheygripthebale,andwouldoccasionallycausebalestobreakapartinthethrowerorwhenthebaleslandedinthewagon.NewHollandhasinventedamachinenamedtheStackcruiser,orastacker.Smallsquarebalesaredroppedbythebalerwiththestringsfacingoutward,thestackerwilldriveuptothebalesanditwillpickitupandsetitonathree-bale-widetable(thestringsarenowfacingupwards).Oncethreebalesareonthetable,thetableliftsupandback,causingthethreebalestofacestringstothesideagain；thishappens3moretimesuntilthereare16balesonthemaintable.Thistablewillliftlikethesmallerone,andthebaleswillbeupagainstaverticaltable.Themachinewillhold160bales(tentiers),usuallytherewillbecross-tiersnearthecentertokeepthestackfromswayingorcollapsingifanyweightisappliedtothetopofthestack.Thefullloadwillbetransportedtoabarn,thewholerearofthestackerwilltiltupwardsuntilitisvertical.Therewillbetwopushersthatwillextendthroughthemachineandholdthebottomofthestackfrombeingpulledoutfromthestackerwhileitisdrivenoutofthebarn.InBritain(ifsmallsquarebalesarestilltobeused),theyareusuallycollectedastheyfalloutofthebalerinabalesledgedraggedbehindthebaler.Thishasfourchannels,controlledbyautomaticmechanicalbalances,catchesandsprings,whichsorteachbaleintoitsplaceinasquareeight.Whenthesledgeisfull,acatchistrippedautomatically,andadoorattherearopenstoleavetheeightlyingneatlytogetherontheground.Thesemaybepickedupindividuallyandloadedbyhand,ortheymaybepickedupalleighttogetherbyabalegrabonatractor,aspecialfrontloaderconsistingofmanyhydraulically-powereddownward-pointingcurvedspikes.Thesquareeightwillthenbestacked,eitheronatrailerfortransport,orinaroughlycubicfieldstackeightortenlayershigh.Thiscubemaythenbetransportedbyalargemachineattachedtothethree-pointhitchbehindatractor,whichclampsthesidesofthecubeandliftsitbodily.附錄打包機打包機是一種農(nóng)業(yè)機械,它用于壓縮已切割和傾斜的作物（如草、稻草或青貯飼料）成易于處理、運輸和儲存的小包。常用的打包機有幾個不同類型,分別生產(chǎn)不同類型的包-矩形的、圓柱形的,大小各不相同,用麻繩、網(wǎng)或金屬絲纏繞起來。工業(yè)打包機還可以用在材料回收設(shè)備上,主要用于包裝需要運輸?shù)慕饘佟⑺芰匣蚣?。圓形打包機在工業(yè)化國家最常用的打包機是這種又大又圓的打包機。它生產(chǎn)圓柱狀的“圓”或“筒狀”的包。草在打包機內(nèi)被捲起，使用橡膠帶、固定滾筒,或兩者的組合。當(dāng)包達(dá)到規(guī)定尺寸時,用網(wǎng)或麻繩裹住它,以保持其固有的形狀。打包機的后面打開,包被排出。包在這個階段完成,但也可以用塑料薄膜包裹,當(dāng)在室外儲存時能保持干草的干燥或者將潮濕的草變成青貯飼料?？勺儌}打包機通常生產(chǎn)直徑為48至72英寸（120180厘米）、寬達(dá)60英寸（150厘米）的包。無論在任何地區(qū)，這些包可以重達(dá)1100至2200磅（500-1000公斤），包的重量取決于大小，材料，和水分含量。最初，圓形打包機的構(gòu)思由UmmoLuebbens于大約1910年提出,第一臺圓形打包機才生產(chǎn)出來,一直到1947年Allis-Chalmers引進(jìn)了旋轉(zhuǎn)打包