考研2010年英語真題答案詳細(xì)解析——并附有閱讀a原文翻譯、作文范文.doc

新浪考研2010年英語真題解析完形填空1選A主謂搭配詞義搭配解析文章首句提出IN1924AMERICASNATIONALRESEARCHCOUNCILSENTTWOENGINEERSTOSUPERVISEASERIESOFINDUSTRIALEXPERIMENTSATALARGETELEPHONEPARTSFACTORYCALLEDTHEHAWTHORNEPLANTNEARCHICAGO第二句是要說明這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的。A項(xiàng)AFFECT意思是“影響，感動(dòng)”；BACHIEVE意思是“達(dá)成，完成”；CEXTRACT意思是“提取，榨出”；DRESTORE是“恢復(fù)，重建”該句的意思是他們想通過實(shí)驗(yàn)探究車間照明是如何影響工人的生產(chǎn)率的，所以答案是A從后面關(guān)于工廠女工的描述來看也應(yīng)該選AFFECT。2選B動(dòng)詞短語固定搭配解析本題考查了固定短語ENDUP的用法，ENDUP意思是“最終成為”，END和其它三個(gè)介詞的搭配都無此意，故選B3選C解析本句的大意為研究最終總結(jié)為一個(gè)極具影響力的概念“霍桑效應(yīng)”，也正是這一實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的行為改變了工人們的行為表現(xiàn)。所以這里應(yīng)選擇C4選B解析本句后面的一句當(dāng)照明燈變亮或變暗時(shí)，工人的時(shí)產(chǎn)量就會(huì)提高。作者這里表達(dá)的意思是這個(gè)問題之所以引起大家的注意是因?yàn)楣S女工的行為令人費(fèi)解。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中PERPLEXING意為“令人費(fèi)解的、迷惑的”，所以正確答案為B5選C解析本句的含義是根據(jù)研究描述，當(dāng)照明燈變亮或變暗時(shí)，工人的時(shí)產(chǎn)量就會(huì)提高。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有描述含義的是CACCOUNTS。B項(xiàng)的意思是解釋、說明，在這里是要反映實(shí)驗(yàn)的狀況，而不是解釋實(shí)驗(yàn)，所以排除。A和D項(xiàng)可以直接排除。6選B解析這句話的意思是實(shí)驗(yàn)中做什么并不重要。DONOTMATTER固定表達(dá)，故選B。本句中有個(gè)分號(hào)，表示前后兩部分是解釋說明的關(guān)系。7選D解析考查SOLONGAS短語，意思是“只有”，句子意思是只要有改變，生產(chǎn)率就會(huì)上升，而不管你做了什么。本句中有個(gè)分號(hào)，表示前后兩部分是解釋說明的關(guān)系，和上一句一起理解。8A解析A項(xiàng)AWARENESS意思是“意識(shí)”，B項(xiàng)EXPECTATION意為“期望”，C項(xiàng)SENTIMENT意為“觀點(diǎn)，意見”，D項(xiàng)ILLUSION為“幻覺”，本句的大意是說工人知道自己本身是被研究對(duì)象這一意識(shí)就足以改變他們自己的行為。所以選A。9C解析見第8題解析。10D解析見第8題解析。11C解析SUBJECTN科目，主題，話題，題材，主觀，語主語N君主國國民，實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象ADJ服從的，易患的VT使隸屬，使服從，使遭遇；BESUBJECTEDTO表示“服從于，與一致，為固定短語。12選A解析CONTRARYTO表示“與相反”。上一段說了使人迷惑的事情，而本句所說的使人驚奇的，根據(jù)語境提示，空白處應(yīng)該填入“與相反。13選A解析只有EVIDENCE一詞可與FOUND呼應(yīng)，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)或找到系統(tǒng)的證據(jù)”。14選D解析根據(jù)題意首先排除B項(xiàng)ENLIGHTENING和C項(xiàng)RELIABLE,如果選擇A項(xiàng)，則后面應(yīng)該表達(dá)所要爭(zhēng)論的觀點(diǎn)，把A項(xiàng)排除。D項(xiàng)MISLEADING“欺騙性，誤導(dǎo)性的”，意思上來看，符合語境所表達(dá)的意思，從后面的舉例當(dāng)中可以看出。15選B解析FOREXAMPLE，舉例說明上句的問題。16選A。解析DULY表示“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地，在同一個(gè)時(shí)間地”，填入句中后意思表達(dá)更精確。17D解析根據(jù)題意是每周的第一個(gè)工作日和最后一個(gè)工作日產(chǎn)量都上升，與前句DULYROSE呼應(yīng)，遞進(jìn)說明問題，故應(yīng)選CONTINUE。18選CBUT解析此句意思與前面的內(nèi)容，故填入轉(zhuǎn)折詞BUT。19選BTENDED解析TENDTODO“傾向于做某事”，說明一種常規(guī)的事實(shí)。20選D。解析HIT能與APLATEAU搭配，意為“到達(dá)高地，觸及頂點(diǎn)”，句意才符合語境。CLIMBING也有達(dá)到的意思，但是比較緩慢，不符合題意。閱讀ATEXT1OFALLTHECHANGESTHATHAVETAKENPLACEINENGLISHLANGUAGENEWSPAPERSDURINGTHEPASTQUARTERCENTURY,PERHAPSTHEMOSTFARREACHINGHASBEENTHEINEXORABLEDECLINEINTHESCOPEANDSERIOUSNESSOFTHEIRARTSCOVERAGE?！究键c(diǎn)分析】滅絕師太?？糡HEMOST本句的意思是“過去這些年英語報(bào)紙上所發(fā)生的最有影響力的變化的可能是藝術(shù)評(píng)論的在報(bào)道范圍和嚴(yán)肅性的墮落”。ITISDIFFICULTTOTHEPOINTOFIMPOSSIBILITYFORTHEAVERAGEREADERUNDERTHEAGEOFFORTYTOIMAGINEATIMEWHENHIGHQUALITYARTSCRITICISMCOULDBEFOUNDINMOSTBIGCITYNEWSPAPERSYETACONSIDERABLENUMBEROFTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTCOLLECTIONSOFCRITICISMPUBLISHEDINTHE20THCENTURYCONSISTEDINLARGEPARTOFNEWSPAPERREVIEWSTOREADSUCHBOOKSTODAYISTOMARVELATTHEFACTTHATTHEIRLEARNEDCONTENTSWEREONCEDEEMEDSUITABLEFORPUBLICATIONINGENERALCIRCULATIONDAILIES?！究键c(diǎn)分析】TOTHEPOINTOF“到地步”轉(zhuǎn)折常考，出21題。“然而，在20世紀(jì)大量的最重要的批評(píng)集是有報(bào)紙?jiān)u論組成的?！北揪鋸?qiáng)調(diào)20世紀(jì)的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論數(shù)量很多。沿著上句的意思論述如今讀到這樣的書的人不禁會(huì)對(duì)下面這個(gè)事實(shí)感到驚訝這些評(píng)論之前竟然被認(rèn)為適合在面向大眾的日?qǐng)?bào)上刊登。21ITISINDICATEDINPARAGRAPHS1AND2THATAARTSCRITICISMHASDISAPPEAREDFROMBIGCITYNEWSPAPERS。BENGLISHLANGUAGENEWSPAPERSUSEDTOCARRYMOREARTSREVIEWS。CHIGHQUALITYNEWSPAPERSRETAINALARGEBODYOFREADERS。DYOUNGREADERSDOUBTTHESUITABILITYOFCRITICISMONDAILIES?！菊_選項(xiàng)解析】B由第一段的DECLINEINSCOPE和第二段的ACONSIDERABLENUMBER都在強(qiáng)調(diào)以前的報(bào)紙關(guān)于藝術(shù)評(píng)論數(shù)量很多，所以選擇B【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】A比較容易排除。與第一段矛盾，原文只是說DECLINE,即下降，沒有說消失DISAPPEARC比較容易排除?！案哔|(zhì)量的報(bào)紙未喪失大量的讀者”。無中生有。D強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)?！澳贻p的讀者懷疑報(bào)紙上的評(píng)論不合適”。原文牛津高階英漢雙解詞典MARVELVBEVERYSURPRISEDANDOFTENADMIRING大為驚訝常含贊嘆之意，表明其實(shí)讀者是贊同這些評(píng)論可以再報(bào)紙上刊登的。這里的DOUBT表示懷疑，所以與MARVEL意思相反。WEAREEVENFARTHERREMOVEDFROMTHEUNFOCUSEDNEWSPAPERREVIEWSPUBLISHEDINENGLANDBETWEENTHETURNOFTHE20THCENTURYANDTHEEVEOFWORLDWAR2,ATATIMEWHENNEWSPRINTWASDIRTCHEAPANDSTYLISHARTSCRITICISMWASCONSIDEREDANORNAMENTTOTHEPUBLICATIONSINWHICHITAPPEAREDINTHOSEFAROFFDAYS,ITWASTAKENFORGRANTEDTHATTHECRITICSOFMAJORPAPERSWOULDWRITEINDETAILANDATLENGTHABOUTTHEEVENTSTHEYCOVEREDTHEIRSWASASERIOUSBUSINESSANDEVENTHOSEREVIEWSWHOWORETHEIRLEARNINGLIGHTLY,LIKEGEORGEBERNARDSHAWANDERNESTNEWMAN,COULDBETRUSTEDTOKNOWWHATTHEYWEREABOUTTHESEMENBELIEVEDINJOURNALISMASACALLING,ANDWEREPROUDTOBEPUBLISHEDINTHEDAILYPRESSSOFEWAUTHORSHAVEBRAINSENOUGHORLITERARYGIFTENOUGHTOKEEPTHEIROWNENDUPINJOURNALISM,NEWMANWROTE,“THATIAMTEMPTEDTODEFINE“JOURNALISM“AS“ATERMOFCONTEMPTAPPLIEDBYWRITERSWHOARENOTREADTOWRITERSWHOARE“【考點(diǎn)分析】否定?？糢NFOCUSED出22題。承接上文，上文講我們的評(píng)論數(shù)量減少，這里繼續(xù)講我們甚至離20世紀(jì)初到二戰(zhàn)期間的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論也相差很遠(yuǎn)。EVENFARTHERREMOVEDFROM表明作者的惋惜之情。INDETAILANDATLENGTH“詳細(xì)的”SERIOUS“嚴(yán)肅的”CALLING“對(duì)做某項(xiàng)工作的強(qiáng)烈欲望或責(zé)任感”PROUD“驕傲”上面的這些詞都表明二戰(zhàn)前的報(bào)紙?jiān)u論的風(fēng)格。否定?？迹?3題?！耙虼?，幾乎沒有人有足夠的智慧或文學(xué)天賦在新聞事業(yè)上成就自己，我更喜歡吧新聞事業(yè)定義為“被假作家恥辱地使用了的術(shù)語，對(duì)真作家來說，他們不足掛齒”。”其實(shí)本句話中NEWMANWROTE,后面的根本不需要看懂。22NEWSPAPERREVIEWSINENGLANDBEFOREWORLDWAR2WERECHARACTERIZEDBYAFREETHEMES。BCASUALSTYLE。CELABORATELAYOUT。DRADICALVIEWPOINTS?！菊_選項(xiàng)解析】AUNFOCUSED的英文解釋NOTCONCENTRATEDATONEPOINTORUPONONEOBJECTIVE,FREE的英文解釋是UNRESTRICTED，所以UNFOCUSEDFREE,屬于同義替換?！靖蓴_選項(xiàng)分析】B請(qǐng)看牛津高階英漢雙解詞典字典對(duì)CASUAL的解釋AMADEORDONEWITHOUTMUCHCAREORTHOUGHTOFFHAND不經(jīng)意的；隨便的；馬虎的；臨時(shí)的BDEROG貶SHOWINGLITTLECONCERNNONCHALANTIRRESPONSIBLE漠不關(guān)心的；無動(dòng)於衷的；不負(fù)責(zé)任的CNOTMETHODICALORTHOROUGHNOTSERIOUS無條理的；不徹底的；不認(rèn)真的。這幾個(gè)意思都是和INDETAILANDATLENGTH“詳細(xì)的”SERIOUS“嚴(yán)肅的”CALLING“對(duì)做某項(xiàng)工作的強(qiáng)烈欲望或責(zé)任感”PROUD“驕傲”相矛盾的。所以不選。C強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。ELABORATE可以替換原文中的INDETAIL，但是LAYOUT布局無中生有，所以本題與原文不相符合。DRADICAL激進(jìn)的無中生有。23WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGWOULDSHAWANDNEWMANMOSTPROBABLYAGREEONAITISWRITERSDUTYTOFULFILLJOURNALISTICGOALS。BITISCONTEMPTIBLEFORWRITERSTOBEJOURNALISTS。CWRITERSARELIKELYTOBETEMPTEDINTOJOURNALISM。DNOTALLWRITERSARECAPABLEOFJOURNALISTICWRITING?！菊_選項(xiàng)解析】D對(duì)同義替換。FEWNOTALL，HAVEBRAINSENOUGHORLITERARYGIFTENOUGHCAPABLEOF注意D選項(xiàng)中NOTALL屬于部分否定，語氣委婉，在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)往往正確?！靖蓴_選項(xiàng)分析】AJOURNALISTICGOALS新聞業(yè)的目標(biāo)，無中生有。B“作家成為記者是值得鄙視的?！迸c的PROUD自豪的相反。C“作者容易被新聞業(yè)吸引”。對(duì)偷梁換柱。原文說的是被DEFINE“JOURNALISM“AS所吸引，而不是被JOURNALISM所吸引。UNFORTUNATELY,THESECRITICSAREVIRTUALLYFORGOTTENNEVILLECARDUS,WHOWROTEFORTHEMANCHESTERGUARDIANFROM1917UNTILSHORTLYBEFOREHISDEATHIN1975,ISNOWKNOWNSOLELYASAWRITEROFESSAYSONTHEGAMEOFCRICKETDURINGHISLIFETIME,THOUGH,HEWASALSOONEOFENGLANDSFOREMOSTCLASSICALMUSICCRITICS,ANDASTYLISTSOWIDELYADMIREDTHATHISAUTOBIOGRAPHY1947BECAMEABESTSELLERHEWASKNIGHTEDIN1967,THEFIRSTMUSICCRITICTOBESOHONOREDYETONLYONEOFHISBOOKSISNOWINPRINT,ANDHISVASTBODYOFWRITINGSONMUSICISUNKNOWNSAVETOSPECIALISTS【考點(diǎn)分析】否定?？级问壮？?。“不幸的是，這些批評(píng)家?guī)缀醣煌浟??！毖哉Z之間是作者對(duì)報(bào)紙?jiān)u論墮落的惋惜之情。是舉NEVILLECARDUS的例子來論證以前的評(píng)論家怎么被忘記的，可以略讀。ISTHEREANYCHANCETHATCARDUSSCRITICISMWILLENJOYAREVIVALTHEPROSPECTSEEMSREMOTEJOURNALISTICTASTESHADCHANGEDLONGBEFOREHISDEATH,ANDPOSTMODERNREADERSHAVELITTLEUSEFORTHERICHLYUPHOSTEREDVICWARDIANPROSEINWHICHHESPECIALIZEDMOREOVER,THEAMATEURTRADITIONINMUSICCRITICISMHASBEENINHEADLONGRETREAT?！究键c(diǎn)分析】特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)?？?，出25題。筆者在課堂中反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)出現(xiàn)問號(hào)是必考的?！癈ARDUS那樣的評(píng)論會(huì)重現(xiàn)嗎不太可能”再一次點(diǎn)明了作者所討論的中心報(bào)紙行業(yè)的墮落DECLINE，要注意DECLINE與中的REVIVAL是反義詞。講理由，出24題。24WHATCANBELEARNEDABOUTCARDUSACCORDINGTOTHELASTTWOPARAGRAPHSAHISMUSICCRITICISMMAYNOTAPPEALTOREADERSTODAY。BHISREPUTATIONASAMUSICCRITICHASLONGBEENINDISPUTE。CHISSTYLECATERSLARGELYTOMODERNSPECIALISTS。DHISWRITINGSFAILTOFOLLOWTHEAMATEURTRADITION?！菊_選項(xiàng)解析】A說新聞業(yè)的品味已經(jīng)改變，讀者不需要HAVELITTLEUSEFOR他所擅長(zhǎng)的風(fēng)格，所以CARDUSSCRITICISM不可能復(fù)蘇。而ACARDUSSCRITICISM也許不能吸引當(dāng)今的讀者。注意HAVELITTLEUSEFORNOTAPPEALTO同時(shí)本選項(xiàng)還有MAY,這個(gè)語氣委婉的詞，符合黃四“正確答案語氣委婉”。【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】B原文沒有提到他的名聲有爭(zhēng)議，所以無中生有。C“他的風(fēng)格符合現(xiàn)在的專家”與本段最后一句相矛盾。D移花接木，是利用最后一句話編造的選項(xiàng)。25WHATWOULDBETHEBESTTITLEFORTHETEXTANEWSPAPERSOFTHEGOODOLDDAYSBTHELOSTHORIZONINNEWSPAPERSCMOURNFULDECLINEOFJOURNALISMDPROMINENTCRITICSINMEMORY【正確選項(xiàng)解析】主旨題，可以利用串線法解出本題。第一段開宗明義過去這些年英語報(bào)紙上所發(fā)生的最有影響力的變化的可能是藝術(shù)評(píng)論的在報(bào)道范圍和嚴(yán)肅性的墮落DECLINE。第二段承接第一段的意思。第三段首句“不幸的是，這些批評(píng)家?guī)缀醣煌浟?。”言語之間是作者對(duì)報(bào)紙?jiān)u論墮落的惋惜之情。第四段“CARDUS那樣的評(píng)論會(huì)重現(xiàn)嗎不太可能”再一次點(diǎn)明了作者所討論的中心報(bào)紙行業(yè)的墮落DECLINE，所以C令人惋惜的新聞業(yè)的墮落。MOURNFUL是大綱詞匯。【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】A“報(bào)紙行業(yè)過去的黃金歲月”。沒有點(diǎn)出作者對(duì)現(xiàn)在的報(bào)紙的惋惜之情B“報(bào)紙行業(yè)的消失的視野”本選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤類型和A一樣。D“記憶中的杰出的評(píng)論家”本文的中心不是懷戀過去，而是批判現(xiàn)在的墮落。TEXT2OVERTHEPASTDECADE,THOUSANDSOFPATENTSHAVESEENGRANTEDFORWHATARECALLEDBUSINESSMETHODSAMAZONCOMRECEIVEDONEFORITS“ONECLICK”O(jiān)NLINEPAYMENTSYSTEMMERRILLLYNCHGOTLEGALPROTECTIONFORANASSETALLOCATIONSTRATEGYONEINVENTORPATENTEDATECHNIQUEFORLYINGABOX。本段是背景段，講過去的事情。只需看懂第一句“過去的幾十年中，上千個(gè)商業(yè)方法被授予專利?！盢OWTHENATIONSTOPPATENTCOURTAPPEARSCOMPLETELYPROPERTYLAWYERSABUZZTHEUSCOURTOFAPPEALSFORTHEFEDERALCIRCUITSAIDITWOULDUSEAPARTICULARCASETOCONDUCTABROADREVIEWOFBUSINESSMETHODPATENTSINTHEBILSKI,ASTHECASEISKNOWN,ISA“VERYBIGDEAL”，SAYSDENNISDCROUCHOFTHEUNIVERSITYOFMISSOURISCHOOLOFLAWIT“HASTHEPOTENTIALTOELIMINATEANENTIRECLASSOFPATENTS。”本段轉(zhuǎn)折?！皩?huì)用一個(gè)案例來全面審查商業(yè)方法專利”。最后一句“它有可能排除一種專利即上文的BUSINESSMETHODPATENT”26BUSINESSMETHODPATENTSHAVERECENTLYAROUSEDCONCERNBECAUSEOFATHEIRLIMITEDVALUETOBUSINESSBTHEIRCONNECTIONWITHASSETALLOCATIONCTHEPOSSIBLERESTRICTIONONTHEIRGRANTINGDTHECONTROVERSYOVERAUTHORIZATION選C，根正苗紅的同義替換。POSSIBLEPOTENTIAL，ELIMINATERESTRICTIONA無中生有B用第一段的一個(gè)小例子中的細(xì)節(jié)捏造選項(xiàng)DCONTROVERSY無中生有。27WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGISTRUEOFTHEBILSKICASEAITSRULINGCOMPLIESWITHTHECOURTDECISIONSBITINVOLVESAVERYBIGBUSINESSTRANSACTIONCITHASBEENDISMISSEDBYTHEFEDERALCIRCUITDITMAYCHANGETHELEGALPRACTICESINTHEUS。選DPOTENTIALMAY,CHANGE對(duì)應(yīng)著第一段和第二段之間的轉(zhuǎn)折。從本段的REVIEW，ELIMINATE也可以看出這是一種轉(zhuǎn)折。全文一直沒有講BILSKICASE的判決的結(jié)果，而AC都是在講其判決結(jié)果，所以與原文相反。B是從原文“A“VERYBIGDEAL”字面意識(shí)出發(fā)設(shè)置的干擾選項(xiàng)。ABIGDEAL其實(shí)在英文中的意思是“重要”，而不是“生意TRANSACTION”本題D還有MAY,正確答案往往語氣委婉，所以更加確定選這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。CURBSONBUSINESSMETHODCLAIMSWOULDBEADRAMATICABOUTFACE,BECAUSEITWASTHEFEDERALCIRCUITITSELFTHATINTRODUCEDSUCHPATENTSWITHIS1998DECISIONINTHESOCALLEDSTATESTREETBANKCASE,APPROVINGAPATENTONAWAYOFPOOLINGMUTUALFUNDASSETSTHATRULINGPRODUCEDANEXPLOSIONINBUSINESSMETHODPATENTFILINGS,INITIALLYBYEMERGINGINTERNETCOMPANIESTRYINGTOSTAKEOUTEXCLUSIVEPINHTSTOSPECIFICTYPESOFONLINETRANSACTIONSLATER,MOVEESTABLISHEDCOMPANIESRACEDTOADDSUCHPATENTSTOTHEIRFILES,IFONLYASADEFENSIVEMOVEAGAINSTRIVALSTHATMIGHTBENTTHEMTOTHEPUNCHIN2005,IBMNOTEDINACOURTFILINGTHATITHADBEENISSUEDMORETHAN300BUSINESSMETHODPATENTSDESPITETHEFACTTHATITQUESTIONEDTHELEGALBASISFORGRANTINGTHEMSIMILARLY,SOMEWALLSTREETINVESTMENTFILMSARMEDTHEMSELVESWITHPATENTSFORFINANCIALPRODUCTS,EVENASTHEYTOOKPOSITIONSINCOURTCASESOPPOSINGTHEPRACTICE。28THEWORD“ABOUTFACE”LINE1,PARA3MOSTPROBABLYMEANSALOSSOFGOODWILLBINCREASEOFHOSTILITYCCHANGEOFATTITUDEDENHANCEMENTOFDISNITY本題是詞匯題，一定要返回原文通過上下文解題。BECAUSE之前是說對(duì)BUSINESSMETHOD的約束CURBS，而BECAUSE之后說的是“正是聯(lián)邦審判引入了BUSINESSMETHOD”，所以二者之間自然表明了是“態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變”。所以選CTHEBILSKICASEINVOLVESACLAIMEDPATENTONAMETHODFORHEDGINGRISKINTHEENERGYMARKETTHEFEDERALCIRCUITISSUEDANUNUSUALORDERSTATINGTHATTHECASEWOULDBEHEARDBYALL12OFTHECOURTSJUDGES,RATHERTHANATYPICALPANELOFTHREEANDTHATONEISSUEITWANTSTOEVALUATEISWEATHERITSHOULD“RECONSIDER”ITSSTATESTREETBANKRULING。本段第一句話沒有看懂，直接跳過。第二句講“聯(lián)邦審判要求這個(gè)案子要12個(gè)法官審，而不是普通的3人小組，并且要求判斷是否要重新考慮之前的BANKRULING”由本句可以排除29ATHEFEDERALCIRCUITSACTIONCOMESINTHEWAKEOFASERIESOFRECENTDECISIONSBYTHESUPREMECOUNTTHATHASNARROWEDTHESCOPEOFPROTECTIONSFORPATENTHOLDERSLASTAPRIL,FOREXAMPLETHEJUSTICESSIGNALEDTHATTOOMANYPATENTSWEREBEINGUPHELDFOR“INVENTIONS”THATAREOBVIOUSTHEJUDGESONTHEFEDERALCIRCUITARE“REACTINGTOTHEANTI_PATENTTRENDATTHESUPREMECOURT”，SAYSHAROLECWEGNER,APARTENDATTORNEYANDPROFESSORATAEORGEWASHINGTONUNIVERSITYLAWSCHOOL。INTHEWAKEOFAFTER。第一句最高法院已經(jīng)減少了對(duì)專利持有者的保護(hù)PROTECTION。而29C減少了對(duì)專利持有者的尊重ESTEEM。其中ESTEEM是對(duì)PROTECTION的偷梁換柱。第二句舉例子。法官發(fā)出信號(hào)TOOMANY過多的專利被授予了，表明法院認(rèn)為很多BUSINESSMETHOD不應(yīng)該被授予，所以選BTOOMANYOFTENUNNECESSARILYD無中生有。29WELEARNFROMTHELASTTWOPARAGRAPHSTHATBUSINESSMETHODPATENTSAAREIMMUNETOLEGALCHALLENGESBAREOFTENUNNECESSARILYISSUEDCLOWERTHEESTEEMFORPATENTHOLDERSDINCREASETHEINCIDENCEOFRISKS見上文的解析。本題AB兩項(xiàng)相反必去其一。30WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGWOULDBETHESUBJECTOFTHETEXTAALOOMINGTHREATTOBUSINESSMETHODPATENTSBPROTECTIONFORBUSINESSMETHODPATENTHOLDERSCALEGALCASEREGARDINGBUSINESSMETHODPATENTSDAPREVAILINGTRENDAGAINSTBUSINESSMETHODPATENTS選擇A。首先排除B，與原文相反。C大帽子。AD的選擇有一定難度。用串線法解題。第一段講過去BUSINESSMETHOD很容易被授予專利。其中第一段的最后一句話已經(jīng)暗含著對(duì)這種做法的反對(duì)。第二段轉(zhuǎn)折將會(huì)用一個(gè)案例來全面審查商業(yè)方法專利。第三段對(duì)BUSINESSMETHOD的約束CURBS是法院態(tài)度的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變。最后一段明確提出REACTINGTOTHEANTIPATENTTRENDATTHESUPREMECOURT。要注意的是原文始終沒有說BILSKICASE的判決，因此只是一個(gè)LOOMING隱約地出現(xiàn)的DANGER，而不是已經(jīng)盛行的趨勢(shì)。TEXT3INHISBOOKTHETIPPINGPOINT,MALCOLMALADUELLARGUESTHAT“SOCIALEPIDEMICS”AREDRIVENINLARGEPARTBYTHEACTIONSOFATINYMINORITYOFSPECIALINDIVIDUALS,OFTENCALLEDINFLUENTIALS,WHOAREUNUSUALLYINFORMED,PERSUASIVE,ORWELLCONNECTEDTHEIDEAISINTUITIVELYCOMPELLING,BUTITDOESNTEXPLAINHOWIDEASACTUALLYSPREAD?！究键c(diǎn)分析】因果常考DRIVEN，出31題A。MALCOLMALADUELL的觀點(diǎn)“社會(huì)流行的東西在很大程度上是有一小部分有影響力的人發(fā)動(dòng)的，這些人見多識(shí)廣，有說服力”轉(zhuǎn)折?？?，出31題B。“這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)不能解釋思想是如何傳播的”。要注意IDEASACTUALLYSPREADSOCIALEPIDEMICS這就意味著作者認(rèn)為INFLUENTIAL對(duì)HOWIDEASACTUALLYSPREAD作用不大，不起DRIVEN驅(qū)動(dòng)的作用。31BYCITINGTHEBOOKTHETIPPINGPOINT,THEAUTHORINTENDSTO_。AANALYZETHECONSEQUENCESOFSOCIALEPIDEMICSBDISCUSSINFLUENTIALSFUNCTIONINSPREADINGIDEASCEXEMPLIFYPEOPLESINTUITIVERESPONSETOSOCIALEPIDEMICSDDESCRIBETHEESSENTIALCHARACTERISTICSOFINFLUENTIALS?！菊_選項(xiàng)解析】B本題是說明作者目的題。由上文的分析可知選本選項(xiàng)?！靖蓴_選項(xiàng)分析】A與原文相反。本文討論的是原因DRIVEN，而本題是說結(jié)果CONSEQUENCE。C本段沒有提到人們的直覺的反應(yīng)INTUITIVERESPONSE。只是說“作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)從直覺上看是吸引人的”。所以無中生有D偏離中心INFLUENTIAL對(duì)SOCIALEPIDEMICS的作用。只是中的細(xì)節(jié)。THESUPPOSEDIMPORTANCEOFINFLUENTIALSDERIVESFROMAPLAUSIBLESOUNDINGBUTLARGELYUNTESTEDTHEORYCALLEDTHE“TWOSTEPFLOWOFCOMMUNICATION”INFORMATIONFLOWSFROMTHEMEDIATOTHEINFLUENTIALSANDFROMTHEMTOEVERYONEELSEMARKETERSHAVEEMBRACEDTHETWOSTEPFLOWBECAUSEITSUGGESTSTHATIFTHEYCANJUSTFINDANDINFLUENCETHEINFLUENTIALS,THOSESELECTPEOPLEWILLDOMOSTOFTHEWORKFORTHEMTHETHEORYALSOSEEMSTOEXPLAINTHESUDDENANDUNEXPECTEDPOPULARITYOFCERTAINLOOKS,BRANDS,ORNEIGHBORHOODSINMANYSUCHCASES,ACURSORYSEARCHFORCAUSESFINDSTHATSOMESMALLGROUPOFPEOPLEWASWEARING,PROMOTING,ORDEVELOPINGWHATEVERITISBEFOREANYONEELSEPAIDATTENTIONANECDOTALEVIDENCEOFTHISKINDFITSNICELYWITHTHEIDEATHATONLYCERTAINSPECIALPEOPLECANDRIVETRENDS【考點(diǎn)分析】因果?？糄ERIVEFROM轉(zhuǎn)折常考BUT否定?？糢NTESTED段首常考特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)?？济疤?hào)，出32題。請(qǐng)看SUPPOSED在牛津高階英語詞典的英文解釋ONLYBEFORENOUNUSEDTOSHOWTHATYOUTHINKTHATACLAIM,STATEMENTORWAYOFDESCRIBINGSB/STHISNOTTRUEORCORRECT,ALTHOUGHITISGENERALLYBELIEVEDTOBE。這就意味著SUPPOSED后面的東西在本質(zhì)上都是作者反對(duì)的?！斑@種INFLUENTIAL的假象的重要性來源于一個(gè)貌似合理但是實(shí)質(zhì)上未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的TWOSTEPFLOWOFCOMMUNICATION的理論”。講商人接受了這一錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。中的SEEMS中的CURSORYSEARCH草率的搜索中的ANECDOTALEVIDENCE傳聞的證據(jù)這幾個(gè)詞組都表明作者對(duì)這個(gè)理論持反對(duì)態(tài)度。32THEAUTHORSUGGESTSTHATTHE“TWOSTEPFLOWTHEORY”_。ASERVESASASOLUTIONTOMARKETINGPROBLEMSBHASHELPEDEXPLAINCERTAINPREVALENTTRENDSCHASWONSUPPORTFROMINFLUENTIALSDREQUIRESSOLIDEVIDENCEFORITSVALIDITY【正確選項(xiàng)解析】D由可知這個(gè)理論是未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的UNTESTED，這就意味著“需要可靠的證據(jù)證明其有效性”REQUIRESSOLIDEVIDENCEFORITSVALIDITY。所以本題是同義替換之正話反說?！靖蓴_選項(xiàng)分析】A與作者對(duì)該理論的反對(duì)態(tài)度矛盾。B這個(gè)理論似乎SEEMS可以解釋某些流行的趨勢(shì)，SEEM這個(gè)詞表明作者其實(shí)是反對(duì)這個(gè)說法的。C偷換概念，偷換了中的MARKETERINTHEIRRECENTWORK,HOWEVER,SOMERESEARCHERSHAVECOMEUPWITHTHEFINDINGTHATINFLUENTIALSHAVEFARLESSIMPACTONSOCIALEPIDEMICSTHANISGENERALLYSUPPOSEDINFACT,THEYDONTSEEMTOBEREQUIREDOFALLTHERESEARCHERSARGUMENTSTEMSFROMASIMPLEOBSERVATIONABOUTSOCIALINFLUENCE,WITHTHEEXCEPTIONOFAFEWCELEBRITIESLIKEOPRAHWINFREYWHOSEOUTSIZEPRESENCEISPRIMARILYAFUNCTIONOFMEDIA,NOTINTERPERSONAL,INFLUENCEEVENTHEMOSTINFLUENTIALMEMBERSOFAPOPULATIONSIMPLYDONTINTERACTWITHTHATMANYOTHERSYETITISPRECISELYTHESENONCELEBRITYINFLUENTIALSWHO,ACCORDINGTOTHETWOSTEPFLOWTHEORY,ARESUPPOSEDTODRIVESOCIALEPIDEMICSBYINFLUENCINGTHEIRFRIENDSANDCOLLEAGUESDIRECTLYFORASOCIALEPIDEMICTOOCCUR,HOWEVER,EACHPERSONSOAFFECTED,MUSTTHENINFLUENCEHISORHEROWNACQUAINTANCES,WHOMUSTINTURNINFLUENCETHEIRS,ANDSOONANDJUSTHOWMANYOTHERSPAYATTENTIONTOEACHOFTHESEPEOPLEHASLITTLETODOWITHTHEINITIALINFLUENTIALIFPEOPLEINTHENETWORKJUSTTWODEGREESREMOVEDFROMTHEINITIALINFLUENTIALPROVERESISTANT,FOREXAMPLE,THECASCADEOFCHANGEWONTPROPAGATEVERYFARORAFFECTMANYPEOPLE?！究键c(diǎn)分析】承上啟下。研究者推翻了上文的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。無需看懂。研究者的理由來自關(guān)于社會(huì)影響的簡(jiǎn)單的觀察。即使最有影響力的人也不會(huì)與太多的人交流。是TWOSTEPFLOWTHEORY理論。轉(zhuǎn)折?？汲?3題?！懊恳粋€(gè)受影響的人必須要影響他的熟人，他的熟人再影響自己的熟人”，這也就因?yàn)槭荢OCIALINTERACTION。33WHATTHERESEARCHERSHAVEOBSERVEDRECENTLYSHOWSTHAT_。ATHEPOWEROFINFLUENCEGOESWITHSOCIALINTERACTIONS。BINTERPERSONALLINKSCANBEENHANCEDTHROUGHTHEMEDIA。CINFLUENTIALSHAVEMORECHANNELSTOREACHTHEPUBLIC。DMOSTCELEBRITIESENJOYWIDEMEDIAATTENTION。【正確選項(xiàng)解析】A由可知，ASOCIALEPIDEMICTOOCCURTHEPOWEROFINFLUENCE，HISORHEROWNACQUAINTANCESSOCIALINTERACTION可以明確的同義替換。GOESWITH與相伴而生。【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】B本段沒有提到媒體增加人際聯(lián)系。無中生有。CCHANNEL渠道無中生有D“大多數(shù)名人有很大的媒體影響力”無中生有。34THEUNDERLINEDPHRASE“THESEPEOPLE”INPARAGRAPH4REFERSTOTHEONESWHO_。ASTAYOUTSIDETHENETWORKOFSOCIALINFLUENCEBHAVELITTLECONTACTWITHTHESOURCEOFINFLUENCECAREINFLUENCEDANDTHENINFLUENCEOTHERSDAREINFLUENCEDBYTHEINITIALINFLUENTIAL【正確選項(xiàng)解析】本題可以看做是指代詞具體是指代的對(duì)象。指代的對(duì)象一定是向前指代，往前找最近的名詞。中“每一個(gè)受影響的人必須要影響他的熟人，他的熟人再影響自己的熟人”所以THESEPEOPLE就是指這些“被影響并且影響別人的人”【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】CA“在社會(huì)影響的網(wǎng)絡(luò)之外”與原文相反。B強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。說的是“HOWMANYOTHERSPAYATTENTIONTOEACHOFTHESEPEOPLE”與INITIALINFLUENTIALTHESOURCEOFINFLUENCE無關(guān)，而B偷換為“THESEPEOPLE”與INITIALINFLUENTIALTHESOURCEOFINFLUENCE接觸不多。BUILDINGONTHEBASICTRUTHABOUTINTERPERSONALINFLUENCE,THERESEARCHERSSTUDIEDTHEDYNAMICSOFSOCIALCONTAGIONBYCONDUCTINGTHOUSANDSOFCOMPUTERSIMULATIONSOFPOPULATIONS,MANIPULATINGANUMBEROFVARIABLESRELATINGTOPEOPLESABILITYTOINFLUENCEOTHERSANDTHEIRTENDENCYTOBEINFLUENCED?！究键c(diǎn)分析】35WHATISTHEESSENTIALELEMENTINTHEDYNAMICSOFSOCIALINFLUENCEATHEEAGERNESSTOBEACCEPTEDBTHEIMPULSETOINFLUENCEOTHERSCTHEREADINESSTOBEINFLUENCEDDTHEINCLINATIONTORELYONOTHERS【正確選項(xiàng)解析】CTHEREADINESSTOBEINFLUENCED由本段最后一句可知社會(huì)影響的動(dòng)力要素是人們影響別人的能力以及被別人影響的傾向性。所以選C?！靖蓴_選項(xiàng)分析】B錯(cuò)在IMPULSE突如其來的念頭A錯(cuò)在ACCEPTD錯(cuò)在RELYON。解法二BC符合黃二。但是由第四段最后一句IFPEOPLEINTHENETWORKJUSTTWODEGREESREMOVEDFROMTHEINITIALINFLUENTIALPROVERESISTANT,FOREXAMPLETHECASECADEOFCHANGEWONTPROPAGATEVERYFARORAFFECTMANYPEOPLE。尤其是RESISTANT可知更強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“被影響”TEXT4注本文含有的生詞和難句較多，考研閱讀的原則是過難的單詞和句子一定不會(huì)出題，在考場(chǎng)上緊緊抓住能看懂的句子即可，因?yàn)槲恼律舷挛牡囊馑级际怯忻芮嘘P(guān)聯(lián)的。筆者把本文無需看懂的句子用刪除線標(biāo)出來，以便于學(xué)生更好的復(fù)習(xí)。示例NOTTHEPRICEMANAGERSANDREGULATORSWOULDLIKETHEMTOFETCH。第一部分36題BANKERSHAVEBEENBLAMINGTHEMSELVESFORTHEIRTROUBLESINPUBLICBEHINDTHESCENES,THEYHAVEBEENTAKINGAIMATSOMEONEELSETHEACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSETTERSTHEIRRULES,MOANTHEBANKS,HAVEFORCEDTHEMTOREPORTENORMOUSLOSSES,ANDITSJUSTNOTFAIRTHESERULESSAYTHEYMUSTVALUESOMEASSETSATTHEPRICEATHIRDPARTYWOULDPAY,NOTTHEPRICEMANAGERSANDREGULATORSWOULDLIKETHEMTOFETCH?！究键c(diǎn)分析】“臺(tái)面上，銀行家們將他們的麻煩歸咎于己身，臺(tái)面下，他們一直把目標(biāo)對(duì)準(zhǔn)他人會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則制定者?！迸_(tái)上臺(tái)下，表里不一，暗含了作者對(duì)銀行家的虛偽的否定，對(duì)無辜者STANDARDSETTERS的同情。講具體的抱怨的內(nèi)容?！般y行業(yè)抱怨會(huì)計(jì)規(guī)則迫使他們報(bào)告巨大損失，認(rèn)為這不公平?！倍呦啾缺爻隹键c(diǎn)。出36題。進(jìn)一步描述會(huì)計(jì)規(guī)則的內(nèi)容?！耙?guī)則認(rèn)為他們必須以第三方付出價(jià)格來評(píng)估部分資產(chǎn)的價(jià)值，而非按照管理者和監(jiān)管者期望該資產(chǎn)能夠獲得的價(jià)格?！北揪淦鋵?shí)只要看懂“THESERULESSAYTHEYMUSTVALUESOMEASSETSATTHEPRICEATHIRDPARTYWOULDPAY,NOT”NOT后面無需看懂，只要知道是與NOT前面不一樣的方法。36BANKERSCOMPLAINEDTHATTHEYWEREFORCEDTO_。AFOLLOWUNFAVORABLEASSETEVALUATIONRULESBCOLLECTPAYMENTSFROMTHIRDPARTIESCCOOPERATEWITHTHEPRICEMANAGERSDREEVALUATESOMEOFTHEIRASSETS?！菊_選項(xiàng)解析】A36題COMPLAINMOAN，NOTFAIRUNFAVORABLE,VALUESOMEASSETSASSETEVALUATION所以本題屬于根正苗紅的同義替換。【干擾選項(xiàng)分析】B對(duì)偷梁換柱。把VALUE偷換為COLLECT。C與原文相反。錯(cuò)誤一原文說“THESERULESSAYTHEYMUSTVALUESOMEASSETSATTHEPRICE。，NOTTHEPRICEMANAGERSANDREGULATORSWOULDLIKETHEMTOFETCH”明確說“規(guī)則不讓按照MANAGERS的期待的價(jià)格評(píng)估”，所以這與COOPERATE合作相反。錯(cuò)誤二原文中沒有提到PRICEMANAGER這個(gè)概念，MANAGERSANDREGULATORSWOULDLIKETHEMTOFETCH。是定語從句來修飾PRICE。DREEVALUATE重新評(píng)估無中生有。第二部分37題UNFORTUNATELY,BANKSLOBBYINGNOWSEEMSTOBEWORKINGTHEDETAILSMAYBEUNKNOWABLE,BUTTHEINDEPENDENCEOFSTANDARDSETTERS,ESSENTIALTOTHEPROPERFUNCTIONINGOFCAPITALMARKETS,ISBEINGCOMPROMISEDAND,UNLE