初中賓語從句講解及習(xí)題

賓語從句一、賓語從句的種類賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 Whether, if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.只能用whether不能用if的情況：1）在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo) 例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。2）賓語從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo). 例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.3）和不定式連用作賓語時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).例：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.二、賓語從句的語序 賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?三、 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，既：1. 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。2. 主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。例:1） She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student.2）She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3）She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an island country.四、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的謂語動(dòng)詞think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等，并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致。 I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞(不包含帶有否定前綴的詞，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等), 其反義疑問句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 當(dāng)主句的主語是第二、三人稱時(shí)，其反義疑問句一般與主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?五、賓語從句的簡化1. 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him. 2. 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等動(dòng)詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是tell, ask, show, teach等動(dòng)詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？ 3. 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 4. 某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語）等其他形式簡化。例如： He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth. 5. 某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語” 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. 6. 動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式（短語）來簡化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如?It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如： I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow. They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy. 賓語從句練習(xí)一用合適的連接詞填空1. Wang Hai told me _ he didnt go hiking yesterday afternoon.(how, why)2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today (who, whom)3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.(that, if)4. He always thinks _ he can do better.(how, who)5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)6. They dont know _ we are going hiking. (when, what)7. She wanted to know _ her coat would be ready the next day. (when, if)8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (what, who)9. I dont know _ so many people crowding round him. (how, why)10. Do you know _ shirt it is (whose, whos)二. 選擇題1. I dont know _ he will be back home. A. who B. what C. when D. where2. Could you tell me _ A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in3. Do you still remember _ A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say4. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she leftB. why did she leave C. why she had leftD. why had she left5. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen6. They tried to find out _ the new train _. A. how far/had goneB. how long/has goneC. how far/went D. how far had/run7. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matterB. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter8. Can you tell me _ A. where are you doing B. where do you study C. where you were doing D. where you study9. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that D. when10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen11. I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how checkB. to checkC. how to check D. to how checking13. _ hell come or not isnt important. A. Why B. If C. Whether D. What14. Would you like to know _they will do it or not. A. if B. that C. whether D. why15. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his nameC. that his name isD. what his name is 16. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _five years. A. how, another B. what, more C. how, other D. what, another17. Could you tell me _ Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone18. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains19. I dont know if he _tomorrow. If he _tomorrow, Ill meet him. A. will come/ comes B. comes/ comes C. will come/ will comeD. comes/ will come20. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arriveC. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives21. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take22. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which23. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning? A. how does he mendB. how he mendsC. how he mended D. how did he mend24. She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may25. Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. traveledB. has travelled C. travells D. had traveled26. What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you were free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring27. Tom asked my friend _. A. that the earth is bigger than the moon B. where was he from C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry28. Let me tell you _ A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car29. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris30. I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterday. A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone31. I havent seen _ before. A. so an interesting filmB. such an interesting film C. so interesting film D. such interesting a film32. I _ that we will visit the farm next week. A. didnt suppose B. dont suppose C. never supposed D. supposed33. I dont think he is right, _? A. isnt he B. is he C. do I D. dont I34. He believes she is right, _? A. doesnt he B. does he C. is she D. isnt she35. I thought that he disliked playing football, _? A. didnt he B. did he C. did I D. didnt I三. 將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句.(1)These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.(2)Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.(3)There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five day