德伯家的苔絲 presentationPPT課件

.,TessoftheDUrbervilles,ThomasHardy(1840-1928),17112303顧蓉17112307蔣愛家17112312吳晶,.,Contents,TheAuthorAnalysisonCharactersMainIdeaPlotoftheTextAnalysisontheText,.,ThomasHardy(18401928),.,ThomasHardy,LifeWorksThemeratheralltheseshadestogether,”like“analmoststandardwoman.”a“standard”story,.,TessDurbeyfield,thechangingroleoftheagriculturalworkersinEnglandinthelatenineteenthcenturyfinancialconstraintsaristocracyinTesssbloodnotquiteuptothelevelofAlecsorAngelsasymbolofunclearandunstablenotionsofclass,.,.,AlecdUrberville,thenemesisanddownfallofTessslifeAlexandertheGreatAlexanderStoke-dUrbervillethesplitcharacterofhisfamilydividedduplicitous,.,AlecdUrberville,diabolical殘忍的，惡魔的Thefirstpartofhissurnameconjuresassociationswithfieryenergies,asinthestokingofafurnaceortheflamesofhell.HeseducesherastheserpentinGenesisseducedEve.Alecdoesnottrytohidehisbadqualities.,.,“IsupposeIamabadfellowadamnbadfellow.Iwasbornbad,andIhavelivedbad,andIshalldiebad,inallprobability.,.,AlecdUrberville,Herepresentsalargermoralprincipleratherthanarealindividualman.LikeSatan,Alecsymbolizesthebaseforcesoflifethatdriveapersonawayfrommoralperfectionandgreatness.,.,.,AngelClare,afreethinkingsonbornintothefamilyofaprovincialparsonarebelliousstrivingtowardapersonalvisionofgoodnesssecularist現(xiàn)世主義者，世俗主義者workforthe“honorandgloryofman”atypicalyoungnineteenth-centuryprogressiveHerejectsthevalueshandedtohim,andsetsoffinsearchofhisown.,.,AngelClare,Angelisnotquiteofthisworld,butfloatsaboveitinatranscendentsphereofhisown.hisloveforTessmaybeabstractDaughterofNatureorDemeterAngelsidealsofhumanpurityaretooelevatedtobeappliedtoactualpeople.,.,Itisnottheangelwhoguidesthehumaninthisnovel,butthehumanwhoinstructstheangel,althoughatthecostofherownlife.,.,.,MainIdea,Tesscomesfromafarmersfamily,theDurbeyfields.Shehaslivedapoorbutpeacefullife.theyaredescendedfromtheDUrbervilles.thegirlcomesincontactwiththeStoke,DUrbervilles.ThereshemeetsAlecDUrbervilles,whoshowsofftheestateandalwaysseducesher.Beinghumiliatedandresolute,Tessreturnshome,andgivesbirthtoababywhodiessoonTesshastoleavehomeandgoestoworkasadairymaidatadistantfarm,whereshemeetsAngelClaire.Theyfallinlove,butAngelabandonher.,.,Mainidea,AlecDUrbervilles,theevilpersonappearsagain.HetakesadvantageoftheDurbeyfieldspovertyandcontinuestotemptTess.AngelClaire,whoisremorsefulforhismercilessness,comesback,buttofindthecruelreality.AfterAngelleaves,shestabsAlecintheheartandkillshim.ThenshefollowsAngelandescapewithhimTheymanagetohideforawhileinawoodbeforetheycometoStonehenge,wheresheisarrested.Sheishangedlater.,.,TheplotofChapterLVIII,.,ChapterLIX,.,Thelastparagraph,“Justice”wasdone,andthePresidentoftheImmortals(inAeschyleanphrase)hadendedhissportwithTess.AndthedUrbervilleknightsanddamessleptonintheirtombsunknowing.Thetwospeechlessgazersbentthemselvesdowntotheearth,asifinprayer,andremainedtherealongtime,absolutelymotionless:theflagcontinuedtowavesilently.Assoonastheyhadstrengththeyarose,joinedhandsagain,andwenton.“死刑”執(zhí)行了，用埃斯庫羅斯的話說，那個眾神之王對苔絲的戲弄也就結(jié)束了。德貝維爾家的騎士和夫人們在墳?zāi)估锾芍?，對這件事一無所知。那兩個一言不發(fā)的觀看的人，把身體躬到了地上，仿佛正在祈禱，他們就那樣躬著，過了好久好久，一動也不動。黑旗繼續(xù)不聲不響地在風(fēng)中飄著。他們等到有了力氣，就站起來，又手拉著手往前走,.,IntheGreektragedianAeschylusPrometheusBound,Prometheusdaredtostealfirefromthegodsforthebenefitofmen,thusimprovinghumanlife,buthewaspunishedbyeternalagonysentbythepresidentofthegods.AeschylussviewofthatdivinejusticewasironicjustasHardysjusticeisplacedinironicquotationmarkssinceitseemeddeeplyunjusttopunishPrometheussoseverely.,Analysis,.,Analysis,However,comparedwithPrometheussbravedeed,Tessssufferingseemssimplyagameor“sport”.ItishardtoknowwhetherTesshasbroughtanybenefitstoanyone.Inanycase,HardyhintsthatTessslifemayhaveamythicalandtragicimportancelikethatofPrometheus,butitisuptoustojudgehowironicthisjusticeis,orwhatherlifesimportancemightbe.,.,Analysis,Itstiredandunimpassionedtonesuggeststhenarratorswearinesswiththewaysoftheworld,asifquitefamiliarwiththefactthatlifealwaysunfoldsinthisway.Nothinggreatisachievedbythisfinale:thetwofiguresofLiza-LuandAngel“wenton”attheend,justaslifeitselfwillgoon.,.,Tragedy,SocietyenvironmentLawsystemMoralityethicReligionfactor,.,Themes,CriticismofsocialconventionsofVictorianEngland(ideasofsocialclassaswellasthesexualdoublestandard)NaturalismasagainsttheacheofmodernismTheinjusticeofexistence;Mendominatingwomen,.,Naturalism,Modernismisvaguetermreferringtotheart,poetry,literature,architecture,andphilosophyofEuropeandAmericaintheearlytwentieth-century.Ingeneral,modernismismarkedbythefollowingcharacteristics:(1)thedesiretobreakawayfromestablishedtraditions,(2)aquesttofindfreshwaystoviewmanspositionorfunctionintheuniverse,(3)experimentsinformandstyle,particularlywithfragmentation-asopposedtotheorganictheoriesofliteraryunityappearingintheRomanticandVictorianperiods.,Modernism,Naturalismisaliterarymovementseekingtodepictlifeasaccuratelyaspossible,withoutartificialdistortionsofemotion,idealism,andliteraryconvention.Theschoolofthoughtisaproductofpost-Darwinianbiologyinthenineteenthcentury.Itassertsthathumanityisahigherorderanimalwhosecharacterandbehaviorareentirelydeterminedbytwokindsofforces,hereditaryandenvironment.Theindividualscompulsiveinstinct