專四作文輔導(dǎo)5-圖表作文講解

.,專四作文輔導(dǎo):圖表作文,.,主要輔導(dǎo)內(nèi)容,模擬3圖表作文講解（含提綱）圖表作文概述（四種類型的圖表）圖表作文的結(jié)構(gòu)（2類）圖表作文的開頭圖表作文的數(shù)據(jù)描述圖表作文的結(jié)尾幾個范文,.,模考3作文,審題：Introduction:miniresearchproject,barchartBody:圖表中的趨勢Conclusion（也許有未來行動方向？材料的附加信息可以用）,.,縱軸：某年齡段參與慈善捐款的人口占本年齡段人口的比例橫軸：5個不同年齡組變量：兩個年份：1990年和2010年趨勢分析年份比較參與慈善捐款的人口占總?cè)丝跀?shù)的比例:19902010年齡組比較（1）總體：參與慈善捐款的人口比例在不同年齡段有顯著差異。（2）兩年相比：與20年前相比，中青年人的捐款人口比例顯著下降，老年人的捐款人口比例略有上升。,.,提綱,Introduction:miniresearchproject,barchartBody:Comparedwith1990,therewasalowerpercentageofBritishpeopledonatingmoneytocharityin2010.舉例：1990年，捐款比例最小的年齡組17%，其他年齡組都超過30%，最高值42%。2010年，捐款比例最小的年齡組7%，其他年齡組超過20%,最高值39%。Ingeneral,thepercentageofBritishpeoplegivingmoneytocharityvaryamongdifferentagegroups.Comparedwith1990,thereisasignificantdeclineofthepercentageamongthreeagegroupsunder50,andonlyaslightriseofthepercentageamongtwoagegroupsover50.舉例：下降組的數(shù)據(jù)對比，上升組的數(shù)據(jù)對比Conclusion:發(fā)現(xiàn)：ThepercentageofBritishpopulationcontributingmoneytocharityisdecliningandthedeclineisfoundmostsignificantlyamongtheyoungandmiddleagedpeople.建議：Peopleshouldbeencouragedtoparticipatemoreactivelyincharity.Theycouldbesuggestedtodonatefood,clothesetc.iftheyhavelessmoneyinpossession.,.,LanguageExpression:百分比,1.XaccountsforxxpercentofY(總數(shù))(也可用takeup)X占Y的百分之xxE.g.Malerespondentsaccountsfor48%ofthetotalrespondents.Femalerespondentstakesup52%ofthetotalrespondents.2.ThepercentageofXamongYisxx%.Y中X的含量是百分之xxE.g.Thepercentageofthe18-25-year-oldgroupdonatingmoneytocharityis15%in1990.3.ThenumberofXis,accountingforxxpercentofY.X值為，占Y的百分之xxThenumberofsmokersis10million,accountingfor6.2%oftheentirepopulation.,.,比較,Onthetopofthelistis,whichaccountsfor60%of.占比重最高的是，占60%。2.Atthebottomis,whichaccountsfor10%of.占比重最低的是，占10%。3.Aisranked/ratedfirst,accountingfor60%of.ItisfollowedbyBat30%andCat25%.A占最高比重，占的60%。緊隨其后的是占30%的B和占25%的C。,.,變化趨勢-上升/增長、下降/減少,1.Thenumberofincreased/rose+suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/substantially/considerably/sharply/steeplyfrom1900to2000.在1900到2000間，的數(shù)量有了急劇的增長。2.Therewasasudden/rapid/dramatic/substantial/considerable/sharp/steepincrease/riseinthenumberoffrom1990to2000.在1990到2000間，的數(shù)量有了急劇的增長。3.Thenumberofincreased/rosesteadily/gradually/slowly/slightlyfrom1990to2000.在1990到2000間，的數(shù)量在持續(xù)穩(wěn)定的增長。4.Therewasasteady/gradual/slow/slightincrease/riseinthenumberoffrom1990to2000.在1990到2000間，的數(shù)量在持續(xù)穩(wěn)定的增長。5.decrease/fall/drop;adecrease/drop/reduction/declineinthenumberof（可替換上述表明增長的詞）,.,變化趨勢-達到頂點,1.Thesituation/figuresreached/hitapeak/ahighat60%in.2.Thesituation/figurespeakedat60%in.情況(數(shù)據(jù))在達到頂點，為60%。3.Thesituation/figuresbottomedoutat20%in.Thesituation/figureshitatroughat20%in.情況(數(shù)據(jù))在達到最低點，為20%。,.,圖表作文概況,圖表作文要求對圖表相關(guān)的信息進行歸納，對其重點和主要趨勢進行匯報。圖表主要有四種(圖例見P11-12)（1）linegraph線型圖-描述某事物的發(fā)展變化（2）piechart餅圖-描述一個總體的不同部分的比例（3）barchart柱狀圖-用來比較兩個以上數(shù)據(jù)的值（4）table表格-用一行/多行單元格中的文本和數(shù)字展示數(shù)據(jù)的方式。圖表作文注意事項：（1）時態(tài)一致（根據(jù)圖表描述的事物的時間確定時態(tài)，無特定時間的用一般現(xiàn)在時）（2）采用正式書面文體（避免Letslookat,Letmeshowyou,Itshowsus之類帶有口語性質(zhì)的描述（3）客觀描述圖表，邏輯條理清晰，不增加個人主觀猜想,.,LineGraph,PieChart,.,BarChart,PieChart,.,圖表作文結(jié)構(gòu)分成兩大類:描述類和描述+分析建議類,1.題目只要求描述圖表類（見P6）（1）開頭：概述圖表的主題思想和總體特點（2句左右）（2）正文：用文字有條理地客觀描述圖表傳遞的信息，并找出某種規(guī)律。（可以分成兩三段）（3）結(jié)尾：總結(jié)圖表的主要規(guī)律（1-2句）2.題目要求描述并分和提建議的(見P7)（1）開頭：概述圖表主題思想，描述數(shù)據(jù)的總體特點并用數(shù)據(jù)支持，根據(jù)題目要求提出個人觀點（3-4句）（2）正文：對個人觀點進行論述（3）結(jié)論：總結(jié)、提建議或方案（2句）,.,純描述類圖表作文(此文字數(shù)不足，如果是純描述類作文，圖表應(yīng)該比這個復(fù)雜，比如會有兩條線，此文只用來展示作文結(jié)構(gòu)),(1)Asisindicatedinthelinegraph,thenumberofcaraccidentsinWaltoncityfluctuatedduringtheyearof1990.(2)Thefirsttwomonthsof1990showedanincreasingtrend.Therateroseto32inMarchbutfellto26inJune.FromJuneon,theratewasrisingagainandreachedthepeakpoint39inAugust.AfterAugusttheratebegantodeclineremarkably,andeventuallydroppedtothelowestpoint16attheendoftheyear.Therefore,itisobviousthatthefirsteightmonthsof1990witnessedafluctuatedincreaseincaraccidentsinWaltonanditwasfollowedbyatrendofdeclineincaraccidentsinthelastfourmonthsoftheyear.,主題句/概述表格反映的內(nèi)容(5)反映交通事故的變化情況(6)小結(jié)：總結(jié)表格數(shù)據(jù)反映的總趨勢,.,圖表描述+分析建議類作文,(1)Accordingtothelinegraph,thenumberofcaraccidentsinWaltoncityfluctuatedduringtheyearof1990.(2)FromJanuarytoMarchof1990,thecaraccidentsincreasedfrom22to32butfellto26inJune.FromJuneon,theratewasrisingagainandreachedthepeakpoint39inAugust.AfterAugusttheratebegantodeclineremarkably,andeventuallydroppedtothelowestpoint16attheendoftheyear.Therefore,itisobviousthatthatthenumberofcaraccidentsinWaltoncitydeclinedin1990.Thereareseveralreasonsforthedecline.First,anewtrafficlawwasmadeandcameintoforce.ItprovidedAugust,whenhumidityandhightemperaturemakedriversimpatientandeasilyleadtocaraccidents,droppedsteadily.Second,newroadswerebuiltandsomenarrowstreetswerewidened,whichquickenedtheflowoftraffic.Finally,thecityadministrationmadegreateffortstoheightenpeoplesawarenessofobservingtrafficrules.Withallthesenewmeasures,ImsuretherateofcaraccidentsinWaltoncitywillgoonfallingthisyear.主題句原因/措施一解釋措施一/次要輔助采取措施一后的結(jié)果原因/措施二原因/措施三(這部分的原因是根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)趨勢分析出來的)總結(jié)：展望未來的情況,.,如何開頭：概述圖表主題思想和總體特點,主題思想：根據(jù)圖表的標題和題干中的背景信息，改寫出這樣一句話：這個圖表描述了時間內(nèi)在地區(qū)對象的方面的信息。例如：(1)Thetablebelowshowssocialandeconomicindicatorsoffourcountriesin1994,accordingtoUnitedNationsstatistics.(2)Thegiventableprovidesanoverviewofsocialandeconomicconditionsfromdifferentaspectsinfourcountries,namely,Canada,Japan,PeruandZaireintheyear1994.(3)Thegiventableprovidestheinformationofsocialandeconomicconditionsinfourcountriesintheyear1994.(4)ThepiechartdescribesthedistributionofpopulationinBeijingintheyear2016.這個圖表：Thetable/piechart/barchart/linegraph/barchart/illustration/diagram描述：show,describe,offeranoverview,present,compare（對比）,indicate信息：寬泛的：information，data，figures；具體的：percentage，distribution，proportion,.,如何開頭：概述圖表主題思想和總體特點,2.概述圖表的總體特點:動詞+幅度sth.experiencea名詞therewasa+幅度+名詞動詞：變化，波動：Tochange,fluctuate(波動)增加，上漲：Toincrease,climb,rise降低，減少：Todecrease,drop,decline平穩(wěn)，不變：Toremainunchanged,stable;toleveloff幅度：大幅-wildly劇烈,sharply急劇，greatly，大幅小幅-slightly輕微,slowly緩慢，gradually逐漸，steadily穩(wěn)步，,.,開頭主題思想的常用句型,Itcanbeseenfromthetablethat由表格我們可以看出Thetableshowsthechangesinthenumberofovertheperiodfromto該表格展示了從到數(shù)據(jù)的變化Thetableprovidessomedataof該表格提供了有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)Ascanbeseenclearlyfromthetable,從表格中我們可以清楚地看出，Asisindicatedinthegraph正如圖形所示Asisshowninthechart正如圖表顯示的Asisillustrated/presentedinthediagram正如圖表顯示,.,正文：抓住規(guī)律和重點，描述趨勢（參見沖擊波英語專業(yè)4級全新改革題型寫作P77-87）,折線圖（通常橫軸是時間）：找最低點，最高點，找波動，上升，下降，平穩(wěn)等趨勢餅圖：如果分塊少于5塊，可以按照從大到小的順序依次說，如果分塊大于5塊，可以按照大、中，小、其他來介紹。如果有比例差不多的，或比例相差特別懸殊的情況，可以提一下。柱狀圖：比較相同、差異(1)如果橫軸有明顯的時間推移的話，應(yīng)連接柱子頂點，重在描述柱子的升降起伏，寫法類似于線狀圖。(2)如果無時間推移，則寫法和餅狀圖一樣。即按照各比較對象所占比例的高低寫，同時要注意各所占比例之間的比較。4.表格：最多、最少，總體變化趨勢等,.,描述增減變化常用的句型,Comparedwith,isstillincreasedbyThenumberofgrew/rosefromtoAnincreaseisshownin;thencameasharpincreaseofInthenumberremainsthesame/dropstoTherewasaveryslight(small/slow/gradual)rise/increasein1990.Therewasaverysteady(marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/dramatic)drop(decrease/decline/fall/reduction)in1998/comparedwiththatofyear),.,結(jié)尾：,ItisclearthatItisobviousthatInshortInconclusion.,.,備考建議,看范文，熟悉各種圖表的圖例、橫軸縱軸的意義，熟悉書面語表達形式學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)據(jù)、百分比、比較級、最高級的一些相關(guān)表達法中間正文部分一定要注意邏輯順序和條理雅思的小作文是圖表題，可以看看雅思范文。,.,三根以上柱形且多種趨勢：應(yīng)對這樣的柱形圖，我們可以先描寫最長的那根柱的數(shù)據(jù)，也可以將最長的2根柱的數(shù)據(jù)放在一起描寫。以下我們就來看一個例子：,范文：ThemainusersoftheInternetinTaiwanareyoungadultsbetween16and30yearsold.In1998,theyaccountedformorethanhalfofallusers.In1999thenumberdroppedslightlyto45%,butevenin2000theywerethebiggestgroup.Thesecondbiggestgroupofusersisagedbetween31and50.Theymadeup41%in1998,fallingslightlyto37%in2000.Whencombinedwiththe16-30agegroup,over94%ofusersin1998werebetween16and50.Howeverthisnumberisdroppingsteadilyasmorechildrenandolderuserslogon.In1999,thenumberofchildrenonlinequadrupledfrom2%to8%,anditcontinuedtoincreasein2000.Thereweresimilarincreasesforolderusers,risingfrom4%in1998to10%in2000.Insummary,whileadultsbetween16and50stillrepresentthegreatmajorityofInternetusersinTaiwan,theirshareisdecliningasmorechildrenandolderusersjointheweb.,題干：ThegraphshowsInternetUsageinTaiwanbyAgeGroup,1998-2000.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.ThegraphshowschangesintheageprofileofInternetusersinTaiwanbetween1998and2000.,.,橫軸為地點，交通工具等其他專有名詞：遇到這樣的情況，不管柱形有幾根，建議都可以按照長度從長寫到短，也可以先以描述總體趨勢作為突破口，如以下這個圖：Thegraphaboveshowinformationofemploymentratesacross6countriesin1995and2005.Summarizetheinformationbychoosinganddescribethemainidea,andmakecomparisonswhereappropriate.,Thegraphshowschangesinemploymentratesinsixcountriesbetween1995and2005,formenandwomen.Overallmoreandmorepeopleofworkingageareemployed,andtherehavebeensignificantimprovementsforwomen,althoughtheylegbehindmeninenteringtheworkforce.Themostobvioustrendinthegraphisthatwomenhaveloweremploymentratesinmostofthecountriesinthegraph.Forexample,inAustraliain1995,57percentofmencouldfindworkorretainajob,butonly27percentofwomen.ThedifferencewasevenbiggerinNewZealand,with60percentofwomen.EveninSwitzerlandandIceland,slightlymorementhanwomenwereinthejobmarket.Thesecondbiggesttrendinthegraphistheimprovementinemploymentbetween1995and2005.Inallcountriesshown,figuresforbothmenandwomenimproved.ThebiggestchangewasintheUnitedKingdom,from55percentofmenin1995to73percentoverthetenyearsperiod.Furthermore,theincreasesinemploymentratesforwomenweremuchhigherinNewZealand.Thepercentageofworkingwomenjumpedfrom25percentto42percent,andintheUnitedStatesfrom45percentto61percentoverthedecade.Inconclusion,allthecountriesinthegraphshowedatleasta12percentincreaseinemploymentratesofbothmenandwomenoverthetenyeares.Whilemenhadrelativelyhigheremploymentratethroughouttheperiod,moreandmorewomenappeartobeenteringthelabourmarket.,.,餅圖范文：,