讀者的選擇(英語閱讀)復(fù)習(xí)考試大綱

1 2008-2009 學(xué)年度上期 英語閱讀復(fù)習(xí)考試大綱 一、課程概述 適用班級：英語 ZB42601 適用教材：讀者的選擇 （2001 年第 4版） （美）桑德拉西爾伯斯坦，巴巴拉K多布森，馬 克A克拉克 編著 世界圖書出版公司 Readers Choice”一書是供以英語為第二語言或外語的學(xué)生提高英文的學(xué)生提高英文閱讀能力的一 部專用教材。全書由十四個單元組成。前十二個單元中的奇數(shù)討論一般的閱讀扗，偶數(shù)單元則從單句 和段落上升到大篇章閱讀，幫助學(xué)生從宏觀上運用奇數(shù)單元中所掌握的閱讀技巧，著重訓(xùn)練學(xué)生在閱 讀過程中的邏輯推理，從行文語調(diào)了解作者的態(tài)度和傾向，在語境中捕捉文字的深層內(nèi)涵和情趣。 課程內(nèi)容與考核目標(biāo): 本教科書是在如下理論指導(dǎo)下寫成的：有效的閱讀能力需要多種技巧的協(xié)調(diào)配合，但更重要的是 讀者從這些技巧中恰當(dāng)?shù)剡x擇最能解決具體閱讀問題的具體技巧和策略。書中的練習(xí)題和閱讀材料會 幫助學(xué)生成為獨立的有效的讀者。每一篇精心選取的閱讀材料都伴有變化多樣的練習(xí)，其中包括利用 當(dāng)篇課文對其從讀到寫全過程的關(guān)鍵問題的綜合歸納，活學(xué)活用。專門介紹閱讀技巧的單元同把技巧 集中于相應(yīng)閱讀材料中的單元交替出現(xiàn)，使學(xué)生不感枯燥。 (1)突出的文化性 如今的學(xué)生不得不面對各種形式紛呈和圖文結(jié)合的表現(xiàn)形式。 本書也博采眾長以 圖文并茂的形式推介新的閱讀技巧和策略，使學(xué)生獲得更多信息。 (2)網(wǎng)絡(luò)運用 現(xiàn)今的學(xué)生吸取信息資源的手段沒有比上因特網(wǎng)更厲害的了。為此，本書專設(shè)兩個網(wǎng) 絡(luò)資料運用單元，同時也在另一些閱讀單元中插入網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息。 (3)新的閱讀文章 不斷變化的世界和社會生活使我們增加和更新了相當(dāng)多的文章，以表達(dá)不同主 題，如基因工程，以及新的科幻短文等。在全書 29 篇閱讀文選中有 16 篇是全新的。 (4)新增詞匯 新讀物帶來了新詞匯，新術(shù)語按主題與相關(guān)系列的閱讀文章聯(lián)系在一起，專業(yè)術(shù)語都 以其不同詞類形式介紹和放入練習(xí)中，同時強調(diào)其具體含義和泛義，以及不同場合下如何正確理解。 本書以提高語言表達(dá)為基礎(chǔ)的閱讀實踐。學(xué)生通過精彩的閱讀文章掌握社會文化知識，著力于學(xué) 習(xí)閱讀技能，同時通過相關(guān)閱讀材料引出口語、聽力及寫作上的問題，齊頭并進地全面提高學(xué)生的英 語能力；同時,學(xué)生必須圍繞單元主題學(xué)習(xí)所安排的相關(guān)活動，以及通過課文和單元任務(wù)繼續(xù)鉆研和思 考. 二、考試說明 本課程閉卷考試，滿分 100 分，考試時間 90 分鐘。試題題型及答題要求如下： 一、詞干和詞綴(每小題 1 分,共 5 分) 答題要求：這是對單詞的考查。 二、單詞 (每小題 1 分，共 11 分) 三、找段落大意(每小題 6 分，共 30 分) 四、快速閱讀(每小題 2 分，共 14 分) 五、閱讀理解(每小題 2 分,共 40 分) 答題要求：仔細(xì)閱讀,理解題目要求。在答題紙上按要求填寫答案。 三、復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容 1. The stems and affixes: Unit 1, Unit 3, Unit 5, Unit 7,Unit 9 2 2. How to guess the meaning of new words? 3. The main idea of the paragraph 4. How to improve the reading speed? 5. Reading Comprehension 讀者的選擇復(fù)習(xí)題 適用班級：英語 ZB42601 . . . . ForForForForeacheacheacheach item,item,item,item, selectselectselectselect thethethethe bestbestbestbest definitiondefinitiondefinitiondefinition ofofofof thethethethe italicizeditalicizeditalicizeditalicized word.word.word.word. ( ( ( (6 6 6 6 pointspointspointspoints inininin all,all,all,all, 1 1 1 1 forforforforeacheacheacheach) ) ) ) 1.The reviewer criticized the poetsamorphous style. A. unimaginativeB. unusual C. stiff, too orderedD. lacking in organization an form 2.Dan says he is an atheist. A. one who believes in one god B. one who believes there is no god C. one who believes in many gods D. one who is not sure if there is a god 3.The police officer used a megaphone. A. a portable radio B. a long stick C. an instrument to make onesvoice louder D. a telephone in the car 4.Janet is interested in autographs of famous people A. picturesB. personalitiesC. familiesD.signatures 5.An asterisk is a written symbol that looks like_ A. /B. *C.%D. 6.The government is financing a study of the effects onhumans of livinginamegalopolis. A. anapartmentina large buildingB. anextremely large city C. a dangerous pert of a cityD. a city with a larger police force . . . . FollowingFollowingFollowingFollowing is is is is a a a a listlistlistlist ofofofof wordswordswordswords containingcontainingcontainingcontaining somesomesomesome ofofofof thethethethe stemsstemsstemsstems andandandand affixes.affixes.affixes.affixes. DefinitionsDefinitionsDefinitionsDefinitions ofofofof thesethesethesethese wordswordswordswords appearappearappearappear onononon thethethethe right.right.right.right. PutPutPutPut thethethethe letterletterletterletter ofofofof thethethethe appropriateappropriateappropriateappropriate definitiondefinitiondefinitiondefinition nextnextnextnext totototo eacheacheacheach word.word.word.word. (12(12(12(12 pointspointspointspoints inininin all,all,all,all, 1 1 1 1 forforforforeach)each)each)each) 7_psychologist 8_philanthropist 9_sophisticated 10_biochemist 11_biology 12_antibiotic A. worldly-wise ; knowing; finely experienced B. a substance capable of killing microorganisms C. the science of life or living matter 3 D. one who studies the chemistry of living things E. one who shows love for humanity by doing good works for society F.one who studies mental processes and behavior 13_multicolor 14_asteroid 15_periscope 16_astronomer 17_unilateral 18_bilateral A. starlike; shaped like a star B. affecting two sides or parties C. having many colors D. pertaining to, involving, or affecting only one side E. a scientific observer of the planets, stars, and the outer space F.anoptical instrument that allows a submarine to observe the surface from below the water .Please.Please.Please.Please writewritewritewrite downdowndowndown thethethethe mainmainmainmain ideaideaideaidea ofofofof eacheacheacheach paragraph.paragraph.paragraph.paragraph. (30(30(30(30 pointspointspointspoints inininin all,all,all,all, 6 6 6 6 forforforforeach)each)each)each) Paragraph 1 If you are having trouble with your math instructor, do not use this problem as an excuse of not doing wellinthe class.If you cannot understand your instructor, ask the teacher to slow down his or her pace and review the textbooks concepts before the teacher presents theminclass.If you cannot follow the teachers notes, work with other studentsinyour class or refer to the math texts study guide to make sense of your notes.If your math teacher will not make time to answer your questions, go to the Math Lab, ask another teacher, or get help from anA student. 19.Whatsthe main idea of this paragraph? _ _ Paragraph 2 A number of recent books with titles like Raising Cain, Real Boys, and Lost Boys all focus on the same issue: Todaysteenaged boys are feeling more anxiety than ever before about their physical appearance. Bombarded by advertising featuring well-muscled, semi-clad young men, teenage boys are experiencing what teenage girls have been coping with for years. They are afraid that they cannot possibly live up to the mediasidealized image of their gender. Young boys below the averageinheight, weight, or both suffer the most. Often, they are brutally teased by their brawnier peers. Some react to the ridicule by heading for the gym and lifting weights. Yeteven those who successfully “bulk up” dontlike feeling that they are considered worthless if they lose their hard-won muscle tone. Others, convinced that no amount of body building can help, often withdraw from social contact with their peers. This is their way of avoiding taunts about their size or shape. Still, they are understandably angry at being badly treated because of their body type. Although school psychologists generally recognize that boys today are having 4 severe body image problems, they are at a loss about what to do to solve those problems. 20. Whatsthe main idea of this paragraph? _ _ Paragraph 3 In1997, the U.S. Consumer Products Safety Commission reported that skateboarding injuries were up by 33 percent. Mountain climbing injuries were also up by 20 percent. Similarly, snowboarding injuries showed an increase of thirty-one percent. By all accounts, many Americans are having a love affair with risky sports; as a result, they are injuring themselvesin ever greater numbers. One reason for the growing participationinrisky, or extreme, sports has been put forth by Dan Cady, a professor of popular culture at California State University. According to Cady, previous generations didntneed to seek out risk.Itwas all around themin the form of disease epidemics, economic instability, and global wars. At one time, just managing to stay alive was risky, but that feeling has all but disappeared, at least for members of the privileged classes.Toa degree Cadystheory is confirmedinthe words of adventure racer Joy Marr. Marr says that risk has been “minimized”ineveryday life, forcing people to seek out challengesinorder to prove themselves. (Source: Karl TaroGreenfield. “Life onthe Edge.” Time. September 6, 1999, p.29). 21. Whatsthe main idea of this paragraph? _ _ Paragraph 4 Inseveral states across the nation, there has been successful drive to end “social promotion.”In other words, children who do not achieve the required score on a standardized test will no longer be promoted to the next grade. Instead, they will have to repeat the grade they have finished.Yet despite the calls for ending social promotion-many of them from politicians looking for a crowd-pleasing issue-there is little evidence that making children repeat a grade has a positive effect. If anything, research suggests that forcing children to repeat a grade hurts rather than helps their academic performance.In1989, University of Georgia Professor Thomas Holms surveyed sixty-three studies that compared the performance of kids who had repeated a grade withthose who had received a social promotion. Holms found that most of the children who had repeated a grade had a poorer record of academic performance than the children who had been promoted despite poor test scores. A similar study of New York City childreninthe 1980s revealed that the children who repeated a grade were more likely to drop out upon reaching high school. The call to end social promotion may have a nice ring toitinpolitical speeches.Yetthere is little indication thatitdoes students any real good. 22. Whatsthe main idea of this paragraph? _ _ Paragraph 5 5 During World War I, a number of severe shortages alerted the worldsscientists to the need for synthetic, or man-made materials. Thus by 1934, a research team headed by Wallace H.Carothers had developed the first synthetic fiber, called nylon. Asitturned out, the development of nylon had a surprisingly profound effect on world affairs. True, itsfirst use wasinfashion, andin1939, the Dupont company began marketing sheer nylon hose for women. Nylons were a spectacular hit and sold off the shelves almost immediately. But they disappeared with the coming of World War II, as nylon became essential to the war effort.Itwas usedineverything from parachutes and ropes, to insulation and coat linings. Sadly Carothers never witnessed the impact of his creation. He committed suicide two years before the first pair of nylons ever went on sale. 23.Whatsthe main idea of this paragraph? _ _ . . . . FastFastFastFast readingreadingreadingreading ( ( ( (12121212 pointspointspointspoints inininin all,all,all,all, 2 2 2 2 forforforforeach)each)each)each) (A) Today is the date of that afternooninApril a year ago when I first saw the strange and attractive doll（玩具娃娃）inthe window of Abe Sheftels toy shop onThirdAvenue near Fifteenth Street, just around the corner from my office, where the plate on the door reads. Dr Samuel Amory. I remember just howitwas that day: the first sign of spring floated across the East River, mixing with the soft - coal smoke from the factories and the street smells of the poor neighbourhood. As I turned the corner on my way to work and came to Sheftels, I was made once more known of the poor collection of toysinthe dusty window, and I remembered the coming birthday of a small niece of mineinCleveland, to whom I wasinthe habit of sending small gifts. Therefore, I stopped and examined the window to see if there might be anything suitable, and looked at the collection of unattractive objects-a red toy fire engine, some lead soldiers, cheap baseballs, bottles of ink, pens, yellowed envelopes, and advertisements for soft - drinks.And thusitwas that my eyes finally came to rest upon the doll stored awayinone corner, a doll with the strangest, most charming expression on her face. I could not wholly make her out, due to the shadows and the film of dust through which I waslooking, but I was sure that a deep impression had been made upon me as though I had run into a person, as one does sometimes with a stranger, with whose personality one is deeply impressed. 24. What made animpression on the author? A. The dolls unusual face.B.The collection of toys. C.A stranger he met at the store. D.The beauty and size of the doll. 25. Why does the author mention his niece? A. She likes dolls.B. The doll looks like her. C. She lives near Sheftels. D. He was looking for a gift for her. 26. Why did the writer go past Sheftels? A. He was on his way to school.B. He was looking for a present for his niece. C. He wanted to buy some envelopes. D. None of the above is right. （B） 6 Insome ways, the United States has made some progress. Fires no longer destroy 18,000 buildings as they didinthe Great Chicago Fire of 1871, or kill half a town of 2,400 people, as they did the same nightinPeshtigo, Wisconsin. Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club firein Kentuckyin1977,ithas been four decades since more than 100 Americans diedina fire. But even with such successes, the United States still has one of the worst fire death ratesinthe world. Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology,but the indifference(無所 謂) of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough. American fire departments are some of the worlds fastest and best-equipped. They have to be. The United States has twice Japans population, and 40 times as many fires.Itspends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. And American fire -safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children, who dieinlarge numbersinfires but who, against popular beliefs, start very few of them. Experts say the error is an opinion that fires are not really anyones fault. That is not soinother countries, where both public education and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a crime(罪行). Japan has many wood houses; of the 48 fires inworld history that burned more than 10,000 buildings, Japan has had 27. Punishment for causing a big fire can be as severe as life imprisonment. Inthe United States, most education dollars are spentinelementary schools. But, the lessons are aimed at too limited a number of people; just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches. The United States continues to depend more on technology than laws or social pressure. There are smoke detectorsin85 percent of all homes. Some local building laws now require home sprinklers (噴水裝置).New heaters and irons shut themselves off if they are tipped. 27. The reason why so manyAmericans dieinfires is that _. A. they took no interestinnew technology B. they did not pay great attention to preventing fires C. they showed indifference to fighting fires D. they did not spend enough money on fire equipment 28.Itcanbe inferred from the passage that_. A. fire safety lessons should not be aimed only atAmerican children B.American children have not received enough education of fire safety lessons C. Japanis better equipped with fire equipment than the United States D.Americas large population leads to more fires 29. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. There has been no great fireinthe USAinrecent 40 years that leads to high death rate. B.There have been several great firesinthe USAinrecent 40 years that lead to high death rate. C.There has been only one great fireinthe USAinrecent 40 years that led to high death rate. D.The fireinKentuckyin1977 made only a few people killed. .reading.reading.reading.reading comprehensioncomprehensioncomprehensioncomprehension (40(40(40(40 inininin all,all,all,all, 2 2 2 2 forforforforeach)each)each)each) PassageOne 7 Arectalstudy,publishedinlastweeksJournaloftheAmericanMedical Association,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfroma teenagedriver,Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengers isthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdriving alone,Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59 decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger. Theautboesalsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreased dramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight,Withpassengersin thecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident. RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighway SafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershave lesstodowith“reallystupidbehavior”thanwithjustalackofdriving experience.“Thebasicissue.”Besays,“isthatadultswhoareresponsible forissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledatask drivingis.” Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate ( 使 緩 解 )theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduated licensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.A graduatedlicenserequiresthataleenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableof drivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwith nightofpasscagerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges. Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedleenagedrivercrashes,according torecentstudies,Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortof graduatedHcensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshave restrictionsonpassengers,Californiaisthestrictest,withanovice(新手)driver prohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofan adultover25)forthefirstsixmonths. 30.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothe passage? A)Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m. B)Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar. C)Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight. D)Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight. 31.AccordingtoRobertFoss.Thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversis mainlydueto_ A)theirfrequentdrivingatnight B)theirimproperwayofdriving C)theirlackofdrivingexperience D)theirdrivingwithpassengers 32.AccordingtoParagraph3.whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE? A)Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive. 8 B)Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn. C)Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedriving lessons. D)Thelicensingauthontiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagersdriving accidents. 33.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenager