裕興新概念英語第二冊筆記-第20課

Lesson 20 0ne man in a boat獨(dú)坐孤舟 Why is fishing the writers favorite sport? Fishing is my favorite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything - not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. You must give up fishing! my friends say. Its a waste of time. But they dont realize one important thing. Im not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!參考譯文釣魚是我特別喜愛的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。我經(jīng)常一釣數(shù)小時(shí)卻一無所獲，但我從不為此煩惱。有些垂釣者就是不走運(yùn)，他們往往魚釣不到，卻釣上來些舊靴子和垃圾。我的運(yùn)氣甚至還不及他們。我什么東西也未釣到過 - 就連舊靴子也沒有。我總是在河上呆上整整一上午，然后空著袋子回家。“你可別再釣魚了！”我的朋友們說，“這是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間?！比欢麄儧]有認(rèn)識到重要的一點(diǎn)，我并不是真的對釣魚有興趣，我感興趣的只是獨(dú)坐孤舟，無所事事！【New words and expressions】（5）1catch kt v.抓到2fishermanfimn n.釣魚人，漁民3boot bu:t n.靴子4waste weist n.浪費(fèi)5realize rilaiz v.意識到一、單詞講解catch v. 抓到fisherman n. 釣魚人，漁民boot n. 靴子waste n. 浪費(fèi)realize v. 意識到catch (caught, caught) vt. 抓到catch fish 釣魚，捕魚catch a thief 抓住小偷catch the bus 趕公交車 miss the bus 錯(cuò)過公交車catch ones attention 吸引某人注意力/draw ones attention/attract ones attention/catch ones eyes/draw ones eyes/attract ones eyescatch fire 著火（強(qiáng)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)變過程）be on fire 正在燃燒 （強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）catch a cold 患感冒（強(qiáng)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)變過程）have a cold 正患感冒 （強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）catch sb doing sth 抓住正在做某事的人eg. The little boy was caught stealing apples from the garden.那個(gè)小男孩正在園子里偷蘋果被抓住。eg. The early bird catches the worm. 捷足先登。grab 抓起，搶奪，熱切或拼命地抓snatch 搶奪，突然而迅速地抓起arrest （依法）逮捕capture 俘虜，捕獲trap 設(shè)陷阱捕捉grasp 緊握，抓住seize si:z 握緊，抓住catch it 被責(zé)罵，受處罰（口）（通常與will等連用）eg. If I come home late, Ill catch it from my mother. 如果我回家晚了，我媽媽會(huì)罵我。catch up with 趕上eg. Go ahead, please. Ill soon catch up with you. 你先走吧，我會(huì)很快趕上你的。catch on （意見，時(shí)尚）受歡迎的catch phrase 標(biāo)語，引人注意的句子fisherman n. 釣魚人，漁民fish fisherman (pl. fishermen)fish n. 魚 C1) fish 魚 pl. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形2) fishes 不同種類的魚a big fish in a small pond. 山中無老虎猴子稱霸王eg. When the cat is away, the mice will play. 老貓不在家老鼠笑呵呵。teach fish to swim 班門弄斧drink like a fish 牛飲like a fish out of water 如魚離水a(chǎn)n odd fish 奇怪的家伙eg. They caught many fish that morning. 那天早上他們釣了很多魚。eg. He studies the fishes in the Indian Ocean. 他研究印度洋里的魚類。fried fish 煎魚，炸魚fresh fish 新鮮魚salted fish 咸魚fish-and-chips 油煎魚加炸馬鈴薯片（大眾快餐）(Br.)eg. Some people eat fish on Fridays.（天主教的習(xí)慣在星期五吃魚代替吃肉）fish vi. 捕魚，釣魚eg. I like fishing. 我喜歡釣魚。eg. I enjoy fishing. 我喜歡釣魚。eg. I am fond of fishing. 我喜歡釣魚。eg. I am keen on fishing. 我喜歡釣魚。go fishing 去釣魚go swimming 去游泳go shopping 去購物fish in troubled water 渾水摸魚fish for compliments 沽名釣譽(yù)boot n. 靴子a pair of boots 一雙靴子have ones heart in ones boots 極為悲觀消沉have ones heart in ones mouth 極為恐懼boots 長筒靴rubber boots 橡膠長靴running shoes 跑鞋platform shoes 厚跟鞋leather shoes 皮鞋sandal sndl n.涼鞋sneaker sni:k n.(帆布膠底)運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋 (Am.)slipper 拖鞋moccasin mksn n.(原為北美印第安人穿的無后跟)軟皮平底鞋,莫卡辛鞋tennis shoes 網(wǎng)球鞋loafer 平底便鞋shoes shoelace 鞋帶sole 鞋底heel 鞋跟low shoe 低幫鞋(Am.)high shoe 短靴boot 長靴shoe 低幫鞋(Br.)boot高統(tǒng)鞋waste vt./n. 浪費(fèi)1) waste vt. 浪費(fèi)eg. Dont waste your time, money and energy. 不要浪費(fèi)你的時(shí)間，金錢和精力。eg. All the efforts were wasted. 一切努力都被浪費(fèi)了。2) waste n. 浪費(fèi)a waste of 對的浪費(fèi)eg. Its a waste of time. 這簡直是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。eg. Its a waste of money. 這是對金錢的浪費(fèi)。eg. Its a waste of feeling. 簡直是浪費(fèi)感情。eg. Its a waste of food. 這是浪費(fèi)食物。Waste not, want not. 不浪費(fèi)，就不缺乏。（尤指食物或錢）eg. If you never waste anything, youll never lack it. 不浪費(fèi)，就不缺乏。go to waste 變成廢物waste away （人，體力）衰弱wastebasket 字紙簍 (Am.)wastepaper basket字紙簍 (Br.)realize v. 意識到real adj. 真的reality n. 現(xiàn)實(shí)1) 認(rèn)識到，意識到（不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，人做主語）realize ones mistake 認(rèn)識到自己的錯(cuò)誤/be aware of ones mistakeeg. She realized that he was lying. 她意識到他正在說謊。eg. They dont realize one important thing. 他們沒有認(rèn)識到一件重要的事情。2) vt. 實(shí)現(xiàn)（計(jì)劃等）（可用于主動(dòng)，也可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)）realize ones hope 實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的希望realize ones dream 實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢想realize ones plan 實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的計(jì)劃eg. He realiaed his dream at last. 他終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。 His dream was realized at last.eg. Her worst fears were realized. 她最擔(dān)心的事發(fā)生了。come true 成為現(xiàn)實(shí)（物做主語，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)）eg. Her dream has come true. 她的夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。二、關(guān)鍵句型Key Structures 一-動(dòng)名詞1、動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式；仍舊是動(dòng)詞，但是不做謂語2、動(dòng)-詞+ing3、它在句子中起名詞作用，可單獨(dú)或引起短語用作主語、表語、動(dòng)詞賓語、或介詞的賓語以及定語。1)動(dòng)名詞做主語eg. Working in these conditions is no easy job.在這種條件下工作不是容易的事情。（即保留動(dòng)詞含義，又起到名詞作用、做主語）Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳能夠鍛煉肌肉。Fishing is my favorite sport. 釣魚是我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。2)動(dòng)名詞做表語eg. Seeing is believing.眼見為實(shí)（believing是動(dòng)名詞做表語，seeing是動(dòng)名詞做主語）Keeping money you have found is stealing撿到的錢自己保留下來就算是偷。Her job is looking after children. 她的工作是照看孩子。/Looking after children is her job. （替換成動(dòng)名詞做主語）3)動(dòng)名詞做賓語動(dòng)名詞做動(dòng)詞的賓語eg. Your shoes need polishing. 你的鞋需要擦了。/Your shoes need to be polished.She doesnt allow smoking in her house./She doesnt allow to smoke in her house.她不允許在她的房間吸煙。以下動(dòng)詞通常加上動(dòng)名詞做賓語admit 承認(rèn) appreciate 欣賞、感激 avoid 避免 complete 結(jié)束、完成 deny 否認(rèn)delay 推遲 enjoy 欣賞、喜歡 fancy想象 finish 完成mind 介意practice 練習(xí) resent 憎恨r(nóng)isk 冒險(xiǎn) suggest 建議 allow 允許 permit 允許4. 動(dòng)名詞做介詞的賓語eg. He insisted on doing it in his own way.他堅(jiān)持按自己的方式去做。Im thinking of going to the Industrial Exhibition this afternoon.我在考慮今天下午去看工業(yè)展覽。5)動(dòng)名詞做定語 ；a reading room 閱覽室a dinin9 room 餐廠a swimming pool游泳池a sleeping car火車的臥鋪車廂練習(xí)：用括號里的詞來連接下列句子，如需要可對原句進(jìn)行必要的改動(dòng)。1. He went out of the restaurant. (without) He did not pay the bill，（前后主語一致）He went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.他沒付賬就走出餐廳。2. She bought a pair of shoes. (instead of)She did not get a pair of boots（動(dòng)名詞做賓語）She bought a pair of shoes instead of getting a pair of boots. 她買了一雙鞋而沒買靴子。3. (On) I saw the plane coming towards me. I dashed for coverOn seeing a plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.我看見飛機(jī)向我飛來趕緊找掩護(hù)。（on doing sth表示。o。就）當(dāng)用介詞+doing來替換句子的時(shí)候，前后主語必須一致才能作相應(yīng)改變。三、課文講解TextFishing is my favorite sport.favorite adj. 最喜歡的無比較級、最高級eg. Red and Black is my favorite book. 紅與黑是我最喜歡的書。n. 心愛的人（物），最喜愛的東西eg. That song is one of his favorites. 那首歌是他最喜歡的歌中的一首。eg. She is a favorite with her aunt. 她最受姑姑的寵愛。/ She is her aunts favorite.I often fish for hours without catching anything. without prep. 沒有prep.+ n./v.ing / pron.eg. He went out without saying anything. 他一言不發(fā)就走了。用法：without前后必須保持一致。上句相當(dāng)于：He went out and he didnt say anything./ He went out without saying any words.eg. I cannot live without you.eg. Fish cannot live without water.But this does not worry me. worry v. 使擔(dān)心worry sb 使擔(dān)心， 困擾某人eg. My little daughter worried me a lot. 我的小女兒令我擔(dān)心。be worried about 對表示擔(dān)心eg. I was worried about my little daughter. 我對小女兒感到擔(dān)心。be anxious about 對感到焦慮Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.instead of 不做而做 （可置于句首或句尾）eg. Instead of catching fish, the unlucky fishermen catch old boots and rubbish. 那些不幸的垂釣人沒有釣到魚而釣到一些舊靴子和垃圾。/ The unlucky fishermen catch old boots and rubbish instead of catching fish.eg. Men wear socks instead of stockings. 男士們穿的是短襪而不是長襪。eg. I went shopping instead of doing myhomework. 我去購物而沒有做作業(yè)。instead of 后面加名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語。rubbish n. 垃圾a pile of rubbish 一堆垃圾/a heap of rubbisheg. Dont talk rubbish! 別說廢話了！garbage1) （廚房里的）菜屑碎肉，殘羹剩肴，垃圾 (Am.)2) （口）不足取的東西，愚蠢的想法garbage can 垃圾箱 (Am.)dustbin 垃圾箱 (Br.)garbage collector 垃圾收集清潔員dustman 垃圾收集清潔員 (Br.)garbage truck 垃圾車dustcart 垃圾車 (Br.)refuse refju:s 垃圾I am even less lucky.even 甚至more lucky 更加幸運(yùn)less lucky 更加不幸運(yùn)less 更不（消極比較級）A is less + 原級 than B A比B更不eg. I am less happy than before. 我比以前更加不愉快/ 更痛苦。eg. This story is less interesting than that one. 這個(gè)故事比那個(gè)更無聊。not as/soas 不及，不如eg. I am not so happy as before. 我沒以前那么愉快。 （現(xiàn)在不一定不快樂）eg. This story is not so interesting as that one. 這個(gè)故事沒那個(gè)有趣。（也許這個(gè)也很有趣）I never catch anything - not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag.after prep./conj.僅當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，才可以省略作after doingeg. After saying Goodnight, the boy went to bed.eg. After the students handed in their papers, the teacher left.（本句主從句主語不一致，不可省略成 after doing 形式）spend time/money/ energy (in) doing sthYou must give up fishing! my friends say. Its a waste of time. But they dont realize one important thing. Im not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!give upgive up fishing 放棄釣魚give up smoking 戒煙give up fighting 放棄斗爭its/its（its 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，its形容詞性物主代詞）eg. Its a cold day.eg. Its raining, too.eg.The cat drank its milk.eg. This energy has lost its power. 這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)失去了動(dòng)力。understand 理解，懂得，明白eg. I realized that he was mad. 我意識他瘋了。eg. I dont understand English. 我不懂英語。eg. I realized that I had been wrong. 我意識到我錯(cuò)了。be interested in sth/doing sth 對某事/做某事感興趣eg. Everyone is interested in beauties. 每個(gè)人都對美女感興趣。eg. The playboy is interested in running after beauties. 花花公子對追逐美女感興趣。interesting 令人感興趣的 （一般物作主語）eg. Fishing is not interesting. 釣魚特沒勁。excited 感到興奮的exciting 令人興奮的surprised 感到吃驚的surprising 令人吃驚的disappointed 感到失望的disappointing 令人失望的ing 形式：表示令人感到ed 形式：表示自己感到sit in a boat 坐在船上be in the same boat 同舟共濟(jì)burn ones boat behind oneself 破釜沉舟rock the boats （因意見不同）攪局，搗亂miss the boat 坐失良機(jī)at all 根本，絲毫not at all 根本不eg. There is nothing to eat at all. 根本就沒有吃的。eg. I dont like that bear at all. 我根本就不喜歡那個(gè)粗魯?shù)募一铩? I dont like that rude fellow at all.Special Difficulties1. interesting/interested exciting/excited2. its/its3. realize/understand1. I realized he was not telling me the truth. realized/understood truth n. 真相true adj. 真的，真實(shí)的tell the truth 說出真相“True Lie” 真實(shí)的謊言eg. In wine, there is truth. 酒后吐真言2. This poem is difficult. Its impossible for you to understand its meaning. Its/Its understand/realize its/its3. There was some exciting news on the radio. excited/exciting4. He is not