初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-介詞、連詞ppt課件

.,1,初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,介詞、連詞,.,2,介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞,詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。介詞后面一般有名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。,介詞的含義,.,3,什么是介詞？它的作用是什么？,1.Lookatme.()2.Hegoestoschoolbybike.()3.Heisinterestedindrawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.(),代詞,名詞,動(dòng)名詞,介詞:通常用在_、_、_之前，表示某個(gè)人、事物/東西、事件與另一個(gè)之間的_。,名詞,代詞,名詞,動(dòng)名詞,關(guān)系,.,4,介詞的主要分類：,1.atthecinema,inthehospital_2.Writewithapen,gobybus_3.insummer,onSeptemper1st_4.bytheway,atlast,intheend_,地點(diǎn)介詞,方式介詞,時(shí)間介詞,固定搭配,.,5,一.地點(diǎn)介詞,1.atthevillage,athome,atthecornerofthestreet._2.inShanghai,inthecountry,inAsia,intheworld,inspace_3.inthebox,onthechair,underthedesk,nexttoKate,ontherightofLucy,infrontofthehouse,behindthedoor_,表示小地方用at,表示大地方用in,表示不同地方用具體不同的介詞,.,6,填上正確的地點(diǎn)介詞：,1.在廣州_Guangzhou2.在電影院_thecinema3.在湖邊_thelake4.在海里_thesea5.樹(shù)上的蘋果apples_thetree6.書上的小鳥birds_thetree7.在天空上_thesky8.在教室外_theclassroom9.在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上_thefarm10.在街道上_thestreet,in,at,by,in,on,in,in,outside,on,in,.,7,二.方式介詞,1.writewithapen,cutwithaknife,lockwithalock_2.seewithoureyes,dowithourhands,smellwithournoses,eatwithourmouths_3.inEnglish,inFrench,inyourownwords,inthreelanguage_4.inaloudvoice,inalowvoice_5.inthisway,bythismeans_,使用工具用介詞with,使用器官用介詞with,使用語(yǔ)言用介詞in,使用聲音用介詞in,使用方法用介詞in或by,6.bybike,bybus,bytrain,byplane,byship,bycar(onfoot)byland陸路，bysea水路，byair空運(yùn)_但：onthebike,onthebus,onthetrain,ontheplane,ontheship,inthecar7.Shanghailies_theeastofChina.()Japanlies_theeastofChina.()Hubeilies_thenorthofHunan.()8.inareadcoat,thegirlinyellow,theboyinwhite_9.lieinbed,afterawhile,inthesun（在陽(yáng)光下）underthesun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）,使用交通工具用by,in,to,on,在中國(guó)內(nèi)部,在中國(guó)外部,兩地接壤,表示穿衣服用in,固定搭配,(),.,9,三.時(shí)間介詞,1.atsixoclock,atnoon,atthattime,athalfpastthree,atmid-night_2.onSunday,onNewYearsDay,onMarch21st,onmybirthday_3.inthreedays,inaweek,inamonth,inMay,in1998_4.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening_但：onthemorningofMay1st5.atnight=_heday=inthe_,表示點(diǎn)鐘或具體一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用at,表示在某一天用on,表示大于一天的時(shí)間用in,在早上/下午/傍晚用in,in,the,day-time,.,10,later單獨(dú)使用可用將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)Theotherswilljoinuslater。lateron后來(lái)，再過(guò)些時(shí)候,7.具體時(shí)間用不同的介詞:,在放假期間_theholiday在圣誕節(jié)期間_Christmas三天之后threedays_（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）_threedays（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）_threedays（一般將來(lái)時(shí)）,during,later,at,after,in,注意,.,11,在歲時(shí)_theageof有時(shí)_times/sometimes開(kāi)始,在起初_thebeginningof此刻_the/thismoment=now在結(jié)尾,在盡頭_theendof例如_example=such_代替instead_到的時(shí)候_thetime=when從到_在戶外,在野外_theopenair,at,at,at,at,at,for,of,by,from,to,in,as,四.固定搭配的含介詞的詞組:,.,12,相鄰，靠近next_遍及all_將來(lái)_thefuture由于,幸虧thanks_過(guò)了一會(huì)兒_awhile在地球上_theearth到底、究竟_earth下課/放學(xué)/下班后_class/school/work展出_show值日_duty獨(dú)立,單獨(dú)all_oneself令(某人)驚訝_onessurprise,to,in,to,after,on,after,on,on,by,to,over,on,.,13,arrive_/_aplacefind_（發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到）geton/along_beafraid_sth.hand_(上交）hand_(分發(fā)）beangry_sb.beangry_sth.bestrict_sb.bestrict_sth.beready_befull_=befilled_begood_=dowell_bebusy_sth.belate_beinterested_eat_give_(放棄）grow_,in,at,with,up,in,for,at,for,up,up,out,of,with,with,of,in,at,out,with,in,with,in,.,14,常用易混淆介詞辨析,after/in皆可表示時(shí)間在之后，其區(qū)別為：after.表示“在某點(diǎn)時(shí)間之后”，用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如：Wellgooutforawalkaftersupper.表示“一段時(shí)間之后”，用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如：Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.in表示“一段時(shí)間之后”，用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如：Wellgotoschoolintwoweeks.,.,15,between/among1)between多指兩者之間。如：Whatsthedifferencebetweenthetwowords?2)among指三者或三者以上的同類事物之間，在或籠統(tǒng)的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在中間，在之中”。如：Theyoungpeoplelivedandworkedamongtheworkers.注意：我們可以說(shuō)betweenyouandme，但不能說(shuō)betweenyouandI，因?yàn)閎etween是介詞。3)between還可以用來(lái)指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間。三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的名詞用and連接，前面用between，而不用among。如：Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthethreeofthem.Switzerlandlies_France,Ger-many,AustriaandItaly.,between,.,16,aboveoveronbelowunder,above,over,under,on,Becareful,thereisaheavybox_yourhead.Thesunis_themountainintheeast.Therearesomestamps_thedesk.Thelittlemouseis_thetable,soitisnoteasytofindit.Thetemperaturewillstay_zerointhedaytime，butatnightitwillfall_zeroagain.白天氣溫將保持在零度以上，但在晚上又將降到零度以下。,over,above,on,under,below,below,above,.,17,infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個(gè)范圍以外；inthefrontof表示“在的前部”，在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi)例如：Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.在樓前有一些高樹(shù)。Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.老師坐在教室前面,infrontof,inthefrontof,.,18,表示在上時(shí)，不是都用on，有時(shí)須用in。在樹(shù)上inthetree用于指樹(shù)上的鳥、人等。onthetree用于指生長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上的葉子、果實(shí)。在墻上inthewall鑲嵌在墻內(nèi)，指窗戶、門、釘子等。onthewall在墻的表面之上，指地圖、畫像等。在報(bào)紙上inthenewspaper用于指報(bào)上的內(nèi)容。onthenewspaper用于指放在報(bào)紙上的東西，如眼鏡等。,in,on,.,19,bemadeof從成品上看得出的材料bemadefrom從成品上看不出的原料bemadein產(chǎn)地bemadeby制造者bemadeupof由組成，由構(gòu)成bemadeinto被制成Eg:ItissaidthatthiskindofclothismadeofsilkanditismadeinChina.據(jù)說(shuō)這種布料是由絲綢制成的并且由中國(guó)制造。Thiswineismadefromgrapes.這酒是葡萄釀的。ThismachineismadebyUncleWang.這機(jī)器是王伯伯制造的。Thearticleismadeupoffourparts.這篇文章有四部分組成。Flour（面粉）canbemadeintobread.,bemadeof、bemadefrom、bemadein、bemadeby、bemadeupof、bemadeinto,.,20,1.Weusuallyhavelunch_noon.2.LinTaowasborn_February18th.3.Annsits_myright,_Katesleft.Shesits_us.4.Myfatherisleaving_Suzhoutomorrow.5.Wemustlearn_eachother.,at,on,on,on,between,for,from,用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空,practice,.,21,6.Theywent_thegateandenteredthegarden.7.Wecandoallthings_ourhands._theendofthelastcap，hecaughtup_theothers.9.Bekind_people.Dontshout_people.10.Lastmonthheworked_ateacher_threeweeks.,through,with,At,with,to,at,as,for,practice,.,22,1.Thereisagoodplay_TVthisevening.A.onB.byC.in2.Howfarisit_Guangzhou_Beijing?A.fromtoB.fromforC.awayto3.Japanlies_theeastofChina.A.toB.inC.on4.Mr.BrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback_twoweeks.A.forB.afterC.in5.A:Whattimedidyougettherethismorning?B:_eight.A.InB.AtC.On6.Weallagree_you.Letsstartatonce.A.toB.forC.with,A,A,A,C,B,C,practice,.,23,7.Heisrich_unhappy.A.orB.andC.soD.but8.Paperismade_wood.A.fromB.ofC.byD.in9.Thebasketisfull_apples.A.withB.ofC.inD.by10.Katecantcome.LetsaskweiHuainstead_her.A.ofB.forC.toD.with11.Theheavyrainstoppedme_gettingtoschoolontime.A.toB.fromC.onD.for,D,A,B,A,B,practice,.,24,12.Takearest_youfinishthework.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.while13.Youcantpasstheexam,_youstudyhard.A.ifB.ofC.unlessD.and14._ourteamtriedbest,_wefailed.A.Though,butB.Because,soC.If,andD.Though,/15.Dontgetoff_thebusstops.A.whenB.afterC.untilD.so,B,D,C,C,practice,.,25,16.Myauntarrivedhere_awarmspringmorning.A.inB.atC.on,17.A:Whendidyourunclearrive_China?B:HegottoGuangzhou_themorningofthe16thofApril.A.in,onB.in,inC.at,on18.Hawaiiisfamous_itsbeautifulbeaches.A.inB.forC.with19.Wemuststopchildrenfrom_withfire.A.playB.playedC.playing,C,A,B,C,.,26,連詞(Conjunction),一、連詞定義:用來(lái)連接詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的詞。e.g.IstudyEnglishandChinese.Doesheworkatschoolorinthehospital?Igetupearly,butmybrothergetsuplate.,.,27,二、用法1.并列連詞-連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞，短語(yǔ)或句子。常見(jiàn)的有：(1)表并列關(guān)系的and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor，aswellas（也，和）等。(2)表選擇關(guān)系的or,eitheror等。(3)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but,however等。(4)表因果關(guān)系的for,so等。,.,28,考點(diǎn)一：1）判斷改錯(cuò)：Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.Theystartedtodanceandsang.Isawtwomensittingbehindandatethere.,F,F,F,eating,sing,talked,and(“和，并且”)與or(“否則”),“and”連接平行結(jié)構(gòu)。,.,29,（1）肯定句中用“and”表“和”；（2）否定句中用“or”表“和”。,2）翻譯：我喜歡英語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)。我不喜歡英語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)。,IlikeEnglish_math.,IdontlikeEnglish_math.,and,or,.,30,=Studyhard,_yourmathwillbeworse.,3）用“and”或“or”填空：Studyhard,_yourmathwillbebetter.,and,or,“and”意為“這樣，那么”；“or”意為“否則”。,.,31,1.Whichdoyoulikebetter,apples,_pears?A.andB.butC.or2.Nowwehavenotime_money.A.soB.andC.or,or:1.用于疑問(wèn)句,表選擇2.用于否定句,表并列（肯定句用and）,3.Christine,Aileen_(和)Iaregoodfriends.Studyhard,_(否則)youllfallbehind.4.Areyoucomingbybus_(或者)onfoot?,and,or,or,.,32,1.Itsgettingwarmer_warmer.A.andB.butC.or2.Heorthetwins_theUSA.A.comesfromB.comefromC.isfrom4.NotTombutI_goingtogivethetalk.A.amB.isC.are,adj.比+and+adj.比表示越來(lái)越,AorB和notAbutB結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要使用就近原則。,and,or,but,so特殊用法,.,33,表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but和however：e.g.(他努力工作，但以失敗告終。)Heworkedhard,_hefailedatlast.Heworkedhard._,hefailedatlast.區(qū)別:but后沒(méi)有逗號(hào)，直接連接分句；however后有逗號(hào)相隔，可放句末。,考點(diǎn)二：,but,However,.,34,觀察句子：（1）Althoughheisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.改為：Althoughheisoversixty,heworksashardasothers.或Heisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.（2）“BecauseJohnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.”,*although/though和but這兩個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞不能同時(shí)用。,?,同樣，此句錯(cuò)誤，because和so等關(guān)聯(lián)詞都不能同時(shí)使用。,考點(diǎn)三：,.,35,eitherAorB“或者A或者B”neitherAnorB“既不A也不B”notonlyAbutalsoB“不僅A而且B”,-連詞詞組：,EitheryouorI_goingtotheparty.(或者你或者我將去晚會(huì)。)NeitherInorhe_seenthemovie.（我和他都沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部電影。）Notonlyyoubutalsohe_French.（不但你而且他也講法語(yǔ)。）,【連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)“就近原則”】,am,has,speaks,考點(diǎn)四,.,36,2.從屬連詞-用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。常見(jiàn)的從屬連詞有：(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoonas等。(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的if,unless等。(3)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的because,as,since等。(4)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的sothat,inorderthat等。(5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的though,although,evenif等。(6)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的sothat,sothat,suchthat等。(7)引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的than,asas等。(8)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that,if,whether等。,.,37,三者均可譯為“在時(shí)候”。when引導(dǎo)的從句，動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是終止性的。while引導(dǎo)的從句中，動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)while引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)作才發(fā)生；若主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且強(qiáng)調(diào)“一邊一邊”這樣的意思，一般用as。WhenIcameintotheroom,Ifoundhimlyingthereasleep.Shesangasshewalked.她一邊走一邊唱歌。注意：while可以表示對(duì)比關(guān)系“然而”。Heisshortwhilehisbrotheristall.,when，while，as,連詞用法比較,.,38,Mr.Whitewastakingashower_theUFOlandedonthestreet.A.whereB.whileC.whenD.whether,C,WhileMr.Whitewastakingashower，theUFOlandedonthestreet.,考點(diǎn)一,“when”和“while”,when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作多為終止性動(dòng)詞，也為可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞；但while只能是可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞。,.,39,考點(diǎn)二,我父親直到我們吃完飯時(shí)才回來(lái)。,Myfather_comebackuntilwehadsupper.,notuntil/till直到才till直到為止,翻譯：他直到3歲才會(huì)講話。,He_getupuntilhismotherwakeshimup.,didnt,他經(jīng)常等到媽媽叫他才起床。,He_speakuntilhewas3.,couldnt,doesnt,.,40,1)sothat中的so是個(gè)副詞，其后只能跟形容詞或副詞而such.that中的such是個(gè)形容詞，后接名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。例如：ImsotiredthatIcantwalkanyfarther.Itwassuchawarmdaythathewentswimming.2)如果在名詞之前有many,much,little,few時(shí)，用so,不用such。例如：Hehassolittleeducationthatheisunabletogetajob.,sothat,such.that,連詞用法比較,.,41,HetooktheMP3playerwithhim_hecouldenjoymusicduringthetrip.A.becauseB.sothatC.when,B,考點(diǎn)三,他起早是為了趕上早班車。(表目的),Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.,Hegotupearlysothathecaughttheearlybus.,他起早，結(jié)果趕上了早班車。（表結(jié)果）,Hegotupsoearlythathecaughttheearlybus.,sothat,sothat：為了；所以，結(jié)果,如此以致,.,42,if和whether都可作“是否”講，在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句是一般可互換。例如：Iwonderwhether(if)youstillstudyinthatschool.在下列情況下，只能用whether,不能用if：.在不定式前。例如：Ihaventmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot.與or(not)連用時(shí)。例如：Idontnowwhetherhecomesornot.從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只用whether不用if。Itdependsonwhetheritwillbefine.那得看是不是晴天。.作discuss等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用whether不用if。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.我們討論是不是該關(guān)掉商店,if,whether,連詞用法比較,.,43,連接條件狀語(yǔ)從句：,1、Youllbelate_(如果)youdontgetupearlytomorrow.2、Illcometoseeyou_(如果)ImfreenextSaturday.3、Wellhaveapicnictomorrow_(如果)itdoesntraintomorrow.,*注意狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)：“主將從現(xiàn)”。,if,if,if,連詞練習(xí),.,44,連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,Iwascleaningthefloor_(當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候)sheknockedatthedoor.Dickclimbedupintoatree_(一就)hesawthebear.Iknewnothingaboutit_(直到才)myfriendtoldmeyesterday.IhaventheardfromBill_(自從)wegraduatedfrommiddleschool.,when,assoonas,until,since,.,45,連接原因、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,YoushouldreturnthedigitalcameratoSally_shewillnotbeangry.A.sothatB.becauseC.before2.Hewashurt_badly_hehadtoseeadoctor.A.tootoB.sothatC.sothat3.Hetookoffhiscoat_itwastoohotintheroom.A.AndB.sinceC.but4.Solomissedthebus_hewaslateforschool.A.becauseB.soC.or,.,46,連接讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,Tomisstilldoinghishomework_itisverylate.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.if2.Ineverseemtoputonanyweight,_hardItry.A.thoughB.nomatterhow3.IenjoylearningEnglish,_ittakesmealotoftime.A.unlessB.althoughC.because4.IwillnevergiveuplearningEnglish_(即使