南林研究生英語復(fù)習(上).doc

Unit 1 Words and expressions 1 scramble = struggle = compete 競爭2 company = firm = business = venture =corporate公司，企業(yè)3 一年半載 the next six months to a year4 come from = stem from = derive from源于5 complacency = satisfaction 滿足，安逸 complancent = satisfied 6 瞬息萬變 a rapidly changing 7 work = useful = function 行得通8 未必，不一定 not necessarily 9 tear apart = throw away = discard 拋棄10 lull : calm ones fear esp. by deception 哄騙 be lulled to do sth 被忽悠做 be lulled into sth 被欺騙 eg. be lulled into a false sense of security11 capitalize on = take advantage of 利用12 gourmet = delicious = tasty 美味的；美食家13 at premium price = above the normal price 高于一般價格14 obsolete = out-of-date 過時的15精于算計的人 bean counter16 implement = put into effect = carry out 貫徹；執(zhí)行17 be stuck in a rut/trench/routine of be obsessed with satisfaction 沉溺于滿足 become a fixed way of thinking 陷入某種思維定式18 make ones sales pitch = sell ones products 19 beat one to the punch = act before other people 先發(fā)制人 20想出 come up with 21 in a row = one after another = successively 連續(xù)不斷地22 come out of woodwork 紛紛登場(esp. sth not very pleasant)23 discredit = distrust 不信任24 ridicule = mock = laugh at 嘲諷25 be little = look down upon 輕視26 instant coverage = quick reporting 快報27 viewership = audience 觀眾28 從眾思維herdbrain thinking 29 innovation = creative thinking 創(chuàng)新Unit 2 Words and expressions 1 manure = fertilizer 肥料2停車場 parking lots 3 使某人大吃一驚 take sb by surprise4 冒著的危險 run the risk of 5 blandness = tasteless 淡而無味的6 at the outset = at the beginning 7 裝著高貴的，假斯文的 genteel 8 密切關(guān)注 take a closer look at 9 uneasy = worried 10 clear = past 通過11 review = examination 審核12 生物科技 biotech13 繁榮時期 boom times booms and slumps/recessions 繁榮和蕭條14 produce shelves = agricultural products 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品15 對質(zhì)疑 question 16 難免犯錯的 fallible 17 擺弄，搗亂 go mucking about/around with 18 wind up = end in 以告終；定居在19 歐盟 European Union 20 tweak from = rebellion against 對的反抗 21 intimidate = frighten/threaten 威脅22 economic might = economic power/strength 經(jīng)濟實力23 address = deal with 致力于，著手做24 portend = warn給以警告25 by no means = not at all 決不26 dream up = design 設(shè)計27 make a hit = be popular/successful 獲得成功28 tweeze out = pick out 提取29 knit into = plant into 植入30 souped-up = strengthened = cement 增強的31 yield = output = production 產(chǎn)量32 so much so that = to such an extent that 到如此程度33 churn out = produce in large quantity 大量地粗制濫造34 trigger allergies = cause allergies 引起過敏35 scrap the product = discard the product 拋棄36 some strains of = some types/kinds of 37 jumpy = nervous = worried 神精質(zhì)，不安38 fussy = become too careful about 過分注重細節(jié)39 effectively = in fact 實際上40 outlawed = illegal = banned = contraband 不合法的41 moratorium = ban 禁止42 in the midst of = in the middle of 在中43 catfight = dispute = disagreement 爭論44 be high on the agenda (議事日程) = be important 45首席執(zhí)行官 chief executive officer ( CEO)46 gamble on = invest in 投資47 sweet on = fond of 喜歡48 perch = settle/rest 停靠；棲息49 mire in = in difficulty 陷入困境50 wade in = intervene 干預(yù)51 lobby = persuade 游說52有最終決定權(quán) have the final word/say Translation1 Around the world people are taking a closer look at the genetic make-up of what theyre eating - and growing uneasy with what they see. Over the past decade, genetically modified (GM) food has become an increasingly common phenomenon as scientists have rewoven the genes of countless fruits and vegetables, turning everyday crops into uber-crops (able to resist frost, withstand herbicides and even produce their own pesticides.) In all, more than 4 500 GM plants have been tested, and at least 40 - including 13 varieties of corn, 11 varieties of tomatoes and four varieties of soybeans - have cleared government reviews. 復(fù)合句先翻譯從句再翻譯主句全世界的人民都在密切地注視他們食品中的基因構(gòu)成-并越發(fā)地為他們所看到的一切感到不安。在過去的十年里，隨著科學家們將無數(shù)的水果和蔬菜的基因重組，使平常的農(nóng)作物變成了能抵抗霜凍、經(jīng)得起除草劑甚至能生產(chǎn)自己的殺蟲劑的超級作物，基因改良食品已日益成為普遍現(xiàn)象。就總數(shù)而言，超過4，500的基因改良植物已經(jīng)過測試，其中至少有40種包括13種玉米，11種西紅柿和4種大豆已經(jīng)通過了政府的審核。2 But one countrys moratorium is another countrys protectionism, and the U.S. is suspicious of Europes action. Tension between the U.S. and the E. U. was already running high recently after Europe decided to continue a ban on hormone-raised U.S. beef and the U.S. hit back with a100% tariff on some E. U. food exports. Coming in the midst of such a catfight, the GM ban looks like vengeance as much as prudence. Whats more, if Europe is so worried about GM products, why is it growing them? France produces its own small crop of GM corn and uses more of the stuff than any other country in Europe. 但是，一個國家的禁令對另一國家而言就是一種貿(mào)易保護主義，美國已在懷疑歐洲的舉動。自從歐洲決定繼續(xù)禁止進口荷爾蒙飼養(yǎng)的美國牛肉(含有荷爾蒙的牛肉; 使用荷爾蒙添加劑飼養(yǎng)的牛肉)，而美國又通過對歐洲出口的食品征收100%的關(guān)稅作為反擊，歐美之間的關(guān)系近來變得越發(fā)緊張。在這種激烈的爭斗中，轉(zhuǎn)基因禁令與其說是審慎，不如說是報復(fù)。此外，假如歐洲如此擔憂轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的話，為什么還要生產(chǎn)它們呢？法國生產(chǎn)了自己的小型轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米，而且使用得比其它歐洲國家更多。Unit 4Words and expressions 1 set aside for = use specifically for 專門用于2 manual = guide book 手冊3 casual reader = common/ordinary reader 普通讀者4 leaft through = turn the pages through 翻書5 extraordinary =exotic foreign 外來的 unusual 不同尋常的6 trivially = unimportantly 不重要的7 catch the blight = suffer the blight 得了枯萎病8 in spots = in some places 有些地方9 dead = gone = passed over = departed 去世10 amiable = friendly = good-tempered 友好的，和藹可親的11 spectacle = scene 場景，景象12 behold = see 看見13 wince = draw back 退縮，萎縮14 令人厭惡的人或事 abomination 15 plausible = seemingly reasonable 看似有理的16 at the instance of = instantly = immediately 立刻 17 藥理學的 pharmacological pharmacology = the study of medicine biology18 property = quality = characteristic 性質(zhì)，特點19搖晃 dangle20 無精打采的；遲緩的 languid 21 administer = put into = give an injection to 注射 =manage 管理22 基于直覺的想法 hunch 23 close call = narrow escape 幸免于難；死里逃生24 throw up = vomit 嘔吐25 languid = tired 疲倦的26 feeble = weak 虛弱的27 mingle with = mix with 28 mortally = deadly = fatal致命地；致命的29 live off = live on 靠生活30 indispensable = essential = necessary 必不可少的 Translation1 It seemed to me that my life was hanging only by the tip of my lips.I closed my eyes in order,it seemed to me,to help push it out,and took pleasure in growing languid and letting myself go.It was an idea（that was only floating on the surface of my soul）,as delicate and feeble as all the rest,but in truth not only free from distress but mingled with that sweet feeling (that people have who have let themselves slide into sleep).I believe that this is the same state in which people find themselves（whom we see fainting in the agony of death),and I maintain that we pity them without causeIn order to get used to the idea of death,I find there is nothing like coming close to it. 在我看來，生命似乎就像呡在兩片嘴唇之間。我閉上眼睛，好像就要把它擠出去了。我感覺自己越來越疲倦，在慢慢地逝去，但我卻感覺到了快樂。這只是在我心中浮現(xiàn)的一種念頭，與其它東西一樣，脆弱無力。但實際上，這種念頭不僅能解除人們心頭的悲傷，而且還夾雜著一種人在進入夢鄉(xiāng)時才有的那種甜蜜的感覺。我相信這與我們見過的那些因臨死時的痛苦而昏厥的人所處的狀態(tài)是一樣的。我認為我們同情他們是毫無理由的。為了習慣死亡的概念，我覺得沒有什么能比臨近死亡更有用了。2 Pain is useful for avoidance,for getting away when theres time to get away,but when it is end game,and no way back,pain is likely to be turned off,and the mechanisms for this are wonderfully precise and quick.If I had to design an ecosystem in which creatures had to live off each other and in which dying was an indispensable part of living,I could not think of a better way to manage.痛苦可以讓人避免許多東西，也可以讓人在有時間逃脫的時候逃脫。但如果是到了最后的關(guān)頭，沒有回頭路可走了，痛苦很可能就像閘門一樣被關(guān)掉，它的運行機制是如此的精準和迅速，讓人驚嘆。如果讓我來設(shè)計這樣一個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，生物在其中相互依賴著生存，死亡是其不可或缺的部分，那我是想不到一個比此更好的管理方法了。Unit 6Words and expressions1 deteriorate = worsen 變壞，惡化2 nurture = nourish 滋養(yǎng)Vt3 come up with = bring forth = put forward 提出，想出4 not be anywhere close to being solved = far from being solved 遠遠沒有達到被解決的境地5 protocol = treaty = agreement = accord = resolution 公約，決議6 call for 號召= advocate 提倡 = require 要求7 逐步停止 phaseout : a gradual stopping 8 finger = point out 指出9 assault = attack 襲擊10 spur = boost = galvanize = stimulate 刺激，激勵11 temperate region = temperate zone 溫帶地區(qū)12 dip = decrease = go down = drop = decline 下降13 proceed on schedule = proceed as planned/arranged 準時，按預(yù)定時間進行14 observe = comment = say 15 recharge = refill 重新充滿，再填充16 comply with = comform to = obey 遵守17 recuperate = recover 復(fù)原18 critical = important 關(guān)鍵的19 ward off = prevent = keep away from = stop 阻擋，排除20 wreck = destroy = damage = disrupt 毀壞21 shift = change = switch 改變22 減排 reduce emissions23 能效 energy efficiency 24 exempt from = free from 免除，豁免25 pilot project = experimental project 試點計劃26 laggard = fall behind 落后27 wear thin = become ineffective 逐漸無效= cant hold water 站不住腳28 專家組 panel: a group of experts 29 scenario = prospect = outlook 預(yù)想，設(shè)想的前景30 可持續(xù)的 sustainable 31 combat = fight against 32 precedent = example = instance 先例33 mitigate = moderate 緩和34 conventional = traditional 傳統(tǒng)的 Translation1 If good intentions and good ideas were all it took to save the deteriorating atmosphere,the planets fragile layers of air would be as good as fixed.The two great damagers threatening the blanket of gases (that nutures and protects life on earth)global warming and the thinning ozone layerhave been identified.Better yet,scientists and policymakers have come up with effective though expensive coutermeasures.如果僅靠良好的用心與正確的觀念就能挽救逐步惡化中的大氣層，那么地球上這一層脆弱的空氣就能固若金湯了。人們已經(jīng)確認了對滋養(yǎng)并保護著地球上生命的這一層大氣造成威脅的兩大危險：全球變暖和臭氧層變薄。更喜人的是，科學家和決策者已經(jīng)提出了雖昂貴但切實有效的對策。2 The good news is that this gloomy scenario may galvanize the words governments into taking serious action.The first line of action should be “no regrets” actionschanges that will be beneficial no matter how much of a threat global warming turns out to be.Among them:promoting the use of energy-efficient appliances and cars.But the IPCC report makes it clear that nations must do more.For example,though its now more costly to generate electricity from solar cells than from gas or coal,using the suns clean energy could save money (that would otherwise have to be spent in the future combating the effects of global warming).好消息是，這幅令人擔憂的景象也許能刺激各國政府認真地采取行動。首要的行動應(yīng)該是“不會后悔”的行動也就是無論全球變暖會成為多么嚴重的威脅，采取行動后引發(fā)的變化都會是有益的。這些行動包括：提倡使用節(jié)能電器和節(jié)能汽車。但IPCC的報告明確表示各國該做的還遠不止這些。比如，雖然現(xiàn)在用太陽能電池發(fā)電比用汽油或煤炭發(fā)電昂貴，可是利用干凈的太陽能來發(fā)電可以省錢。否則的話，這筆錢在以后將不得不花在對抗全球升溫的惡果上。Unit 8一 課后生詞1 intercept = stop;seize 阻擋，攔截2 macrocosmic 宏觀世界的；宇宙的3 insults = damage 破環(huán)4 urban sprawl 城市無限制的擴展5 die-off = die one by one 順次死亡6 machete = knife 7 per-capita = of/for/by each person 人均adj.8 copious = opulent = plentiful 豐富的9 undoing = the cause of ruin,failure 滅亡、失敗等的原因n.10 frenzy = disturbance 狂亂 eg: in the frenzy 在狂亂中 drive sb to frenzy 使某人發(fā)狂 be frenzied with joy 狂喜 work oneself up into a frenzy 自己使自己忙得一團糟11 hubris = arrogance = pride 狂傲二 課文中單詞及短語1 conceal = hide 掩蓋2 exemplify = give an example 3 manifestation = expression 表現(xiàn)4 merchandise = goods 5 live out = die naturally6 biocide = pestcide 殺蟲劑7 lay people. lay = nonprofessional 非專業(yè)人士8 lord = master 主人9 turn back the clock = fight against natural selection 逆自然法則而行10 underlying = basic/fundamental 基本的，根本的11 accompany = along with 伴隨，陪同12 stunning = surprising 令人吃驚的13 sheer = only 14 account for = be responsible for 對負有責任15 contribute to = lead to 16 impact = influence 影響17 be akin to = be similar to 與相似18 a wide divergence of oppinion. divergence = difference 關(guān)于意見分歧很大19 adequately = enough 充分地20 decline = decrease 21 abuse = bad use 濫用22 decent = adequate 適當?shù)?，足夠?3 necessitate = make be necessary 使成為必要24 oppress = crush 壓迫25 conq