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北京師范大學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育大學(xué)英語期末考試考前輔導(dǎo)講稿大學(xué)英語(一)大學(xué)英語期末考試項目:第一部分:交際英語(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)第二部分:閱讀理解 (共10小題;每小題3分,滿分30分)第三部分:詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu) (共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分)第四部分:完型填空(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)第五部分:翻譯(共5小題;每小題3分,滿分15分)第六部分:寫作(一篇作文,滿分15分)I交際英語答題技巧:做這類試題,要求同學(xué)們按照所給的情景,選擇最佳問句或答句,完成題目。要做好這類題目,關(guān)鍵是平時要養(yǎng)成講英語的良好習(xí)慣,努力提高口語水平,熟練掌握日常會話項目中常用的問答語。情景會話語言具有句子簡短,常用省略并且表達方式靈活等特點。同樣一句話,因使用的時間、場合、身份不同而有不同的含義和表達方式。日常交際用語的這類題注重在情景中理解題目,更突出了交際功能,把對話中一些關(guān)鍵的交際用語整句挖去,在對話后給出選項,同學(xué)們光靠死記硬背,照套語法規(guī)則是不能很好完成這一項目測試的。學(xué)生必須對整個對話所發(fā)生的情景進行判斷,然后根據(jù)對話的上下文做出選擇。因此,在復(fù)習(xí)、記憶日常交際用語時,不能孤立地去記憶,而應(yīng)將它們放在不同的語境中去理解記憶。交際英語??夹问剑航o出第一句問語,選答語的情況(居多);給出答語,選第一句問語的情況(較少);還有給出問語或答語的一部分,讓考生補充完整問語或答語。事實上,這就給了考生更多的提示,縮小了選擇的范圍,在一定程度上降低了試題的難度。在做類似考題時,應(yīng)抓住題干中已有文字提供的信息,選擇最符合題意的選項,排除干擾項。交際英語常考考點:詢問信息、請求、打電話、祝愿與祝賀/希望與愿望,道歉與應(yīng)答、感謝與應(yīng)答、問候、邀請、問路、告別、提供幫助、購物、同意與反對、責備和抱怨、介紹、建議、預(yù)訂、表揚與鼓勵、安慰、赴宴就餐等在學(xué)習(xí)、使用和復(fù)習(xí)交際用語部分時,大家要掌握使用交際用語的幾個原則:A. 禮貌原則無論在任何場合、表達什么看法/情感,發(fā)話/發(fā)問和應(yīng)答都要有禮貌,即使表達不同看法或批評意見,也要委婉間接表達,使對方聽起來不刺耳B. 利他原則在日常交際中,英語國家人民形成了一種習(xí)俗,即要盡可能為對方提供幫助和方便,對別人遇到的好事/成功要表示高興,壞事要表示難過/惋惜,因此在交際用語中也要體現(xiàn)出來這種傾向C. 文化遵從原則在選擇交際用語時,大家要有跨文化視角,也就是說,要克服本民族的習(xí)慣思維和應(yīng)答模式,要使用得體的、符合對方習(xí)慣的方式來應(yīng)答。要善于運用排除法解題我們發(fā)現(xiàn),交際用語部分試題的選項中,錯誤選項不但錯得比較明顯,而且有一定規(guī)律可循,這為我們在解題時使用排除法提供了機會。錯項的類型大體有:1.選項本身語法錯誤;2.選項議題與談話主題無關(guān);3.選項明顯違反上述三原則;4.選項雖然與談話主題有關(guān),但不能提供發(fā)問者要求的信息、態(tài)度或觀點 II閱讀理解考題類型及解題技巧第一種:正誤判斷題正誤判斷題主要考察學(xué)生閱讀分析、理解、應(yīng)用和判斷的能力,要求根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對所給句子即題干判斷正誤,此類題型往往依托短文內(nèi)容進行發(fā)揮,或者給出意思相近或相反的幾個句子要求辨別、判斷,或者變換詞語、句子結(jié)構(gòu)來考查同一意思的不同表達。做此類題時,建議使用對照法,即使用掃讀法在原文中找出與所給句子意思相近的句子或段落,兩相對照,仔細辨別。正誤判斷題的解題技巧:(1)通讀全文,把握文章大意和脈絡(luò),掌握作者意圖。(2)閱讀所給句子,回讀原文,在文中找出對應(yīng)的字句,對照辨別是否相符。注意在對句子進行判斷時,一定要從文中找到依據(jù),并進行比較、分析,不能憑印象想當然,胡亂猜測。只有完全符合文章意思的句子,才可判斷為正確,那些基本意思相同,卻仍有某一點不符合的應(yīng)判斷為錯誤。(3)重讀原文,檢查判斷是否正確。第二種:有4個選項的選擇題閱讀理解考試常見題型1主旨題:主題思想題在考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高,考查的內(nèi)容主要包括主題思想、寫作意圖、文章的題目等。因為這類題可考查考生抓主要信息的能力,而能夠抓住文章的主要信息又是閱讀能力的一個極為重要的方面。這類題在設(shè)題時常會用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等詞。常見的提問形式有以下幾種:1)常見的提問方式有:(1)What is the general/main idea of the passage?(2)The main theme of the passage is_.(3)The passage is mainly about_.(4)The first paragraph tells us that_.(5)Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?(6)Which of the following expresses the main idea?(7)What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?(8)What is the authors main point?2)解題技巧:主旨題要求考生跨越文字本身,從整體上把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)形式和作者的推理過程。閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文,這就要求考生必須熟悉這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)特點。這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)特點可歸納為:提出問題論述問題得出結(jié)論或者闡明觀點。掌握這一結(jié)構(gòu),就可以迅速掌握文章的主題,把握文章的脈絡(luò)。要想確定文章的主題思想,最容易且行之有效的方法就是找出文章的主題句。主題句在文章中的位置主要有四種情況:(1)段首:大多數(shù)文章的主題句就是文章的首句,所以要認真閱讀段首句。(2)段尾:有的文章主題句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾。文章以列舉事實開頭,通過論證得出結(jié)論。(3)段首段尾:更多的文章是開頭提出問題,點明主旨,通過議論,最后重述文章的主旨,使得文章主題清楚、明確,更具說服力。(4)中間:有些文章為了引人入勝,開頭部分常會有個輕松、詼諧的引子,然后在中間部分提出自己的觀點,接著再議論,最后得出結(jié)論。 2. 細節(jié)題:細節(jié)題主要是測試考生對文章提供的細節(jié)與事實(如時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、特征、方式、數(shù)字等)的理解程度。這類題目的共同特點是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。當然,答案并不一定是文章中的原句,考生需要根據(jù)文章提供的信息自己組織語句回答問題。1)常見的提問方式有:(1)According to the passage who(what, why, when, where) ?(2)What does the author say about?(3)What does the author think of?(4)According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(5)In this passage, how many(how much, how often, how long)?2)解題技巧:(1)詞定位法:命題人在設(shè)計問題時,往往會在題干中運用近義詞語替代短文中的詞語。因此,考生應(yīng)通過分析題干部分所提供的信息,把握重點詞語,并根據(jù)這些詞語,迅速準確地找到問題在文章中的位置。(2)WH-信息定位法:該題型內(nèi)容大多涉及到時間、地點、人物、事件、情景、數(shù)字、原因等,往往以who, where, when, what, why和how等提問。因此,考生要在迅速瀏覽全文時注意典型的WH-信息,并通過分析題干把握考查內(nèi)容,從而確定問題的出處。3. 推斷題:這類考題旨在測試考生的邏輯推理能力、語言分析能力和綜合歸納能力。它要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容做出合乎邏輯的推斷,包括考生對作者觀點的理解,態(tài)度的判斷,對修辭、語氣、隱含意思等的理解。這種題的難度很大,考生很容易出錯。1)常見的提問方式有:(1)Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?(2)It can be inferred from the passage that_.(3)The author implies that_.(4)The passage suggests that_.(5)What can we learn from the passage?(6)It can be concluded from paragraph 3 that_.(7)What is the authors attitude towards?(8)Which of the following best describes the authors tone in this passage?2)解題技巧:推斷題在文章中是無法直接找到答案的,考生必須在正確理解文章字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上,運用邏輯推理的方法,綜合主旨句、主題句和上下文信息以及作者的措辭,做出總結(jié)性的判斷。切忌主觀臆斷,但要果斷排除明顯不可能成為答案的干擾項。4詞匯題:詞匯題是詢問文章中出現(xiàn)的某個詞、某個詞組甚至某個句子含義的題型。其中所詢問的詞、詞組或句子,往往不為考生所熟悉,但又能在文中找到線索進行推測,所以這類考題是檢查考生是否具備根據(jù)一個詞、詞組或句子所處的特定環(huán)境來判斷其意義的能力。1)這類題常見的提問方式有以下幾種:The word “” in line 5 refers to.The word “”(Line 6. para.2) most probably means _.By “”, the author means _.The word “” could best be replaced by which of the following?which of the following is nearest in meaning to “”?In para.2, the sentence “” probably means “”.2)解題技巧解答這類試題時,考生應(yīng)首先明白,任何詞或詞語都不是孤立的,它或它們所在的上下文往往能提供重要的線索。(1) 標點符號是理解詞義的一條重要線索,因為有些詞的定義是通過標點符號,如破折號,括號,冒號等來完成的。如:Sometimes we work on night shift from 11:30 p.m. to 7:30 a.m.從破折號后的解釋說明,我們可以斷定“night shift”是“夜班”的意思。(2) 有些詞如is called,means,that is,is,or,define as,refer to 等通常引出某一詞匯的定義、解釋或說明。如:One sort of crimes which particularly worries people is juvenile delinquency,that is, crimes committed by young people.從that is的解釋來看,我們可以斷定“juvenile delinquency”即“青少年犯罪”。 (3) 舉例可以幫助我們理解詞義。對于有些重要的詞匯和生僻詞,作者常在此詞后自帶解釋或例子。因此,根據(jù)例子可猜出詞義。如:You may select any of these periodicals:Time Magazine, Newsweek, Readers Digest or The New Yorker. 從后邊列舉的時代周刊、新聞周刊等流行期刊,我們可以斷定“periodical”即“期刊雜志”。 (4) 靠形成反差、對照的詞或詞組猜出詞義。常見的這些詞或詞組while,whereas,unlike,but,yet,although,however,in contrast,on the other hand,rather than 等。例如: Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time.文章的while作“而,卻”解,由此我們可以斷定“reticent”作“沉默寡言的”解。 (5) 憑借常識和經(jīng)驗猜測詞義。如:The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.只要你知道so that這個結(jié)構(gòu),憑借常識就應(yīng)猜出“l(fā)intel”的意思是“過梁,上門梁”。(6) 根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法來猜測詞義。熟悉英語詞匯的構(gòu)詞法,特別是派生詞的構(gòu)成方法及詞義,可以幫助我們在閱讀過程中有效地猜測詞義,提高閱讀速度,準確答題。例如:friendfriendly-unfriendly5作者的意圖、態(tài)度、目的題:作者的語氣態(tài)度往往不會直接寫在文章里,只能通過細讀文章,從作者的選詞及其修飾手段中體會出來。這種題型常見的提問形式有:The author seems _.The authors tone in this passage is _.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is _.The authors intention in writing the passage is to _.The writer probably feels that _.In the authors opinion, _.How does the author feel about? 作者認為怎么樣?Whats the authors attitude towards? 作者對是什么看法或態(tài)度?Which of the following can best describe the authors attitude towards? 下面哪項最能描述作者對的態(tài)度?The tone of the author is _. 作者的語氣或態(tài)度是 .這類詢問語氣態(tài)度的考題中,選擇項里常出現(xiàn)以下一些重要的詞:sympathetic 同情的;critical批評的;doubtful懷疑的;objective客觀的;enthusiastic熱情的,matter-of-fact實事求是的;hostile敵對的;satisfied滿意的;friendly友好的;indifferent冷淡的;subjective主觀的;optimistic樂觀的;pessimistic悲觀的;disappointed失望的;neutral中立的。III. 詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu):語法考點:11非謂語動詞 狀語從句動詞時態(tài)定語從句倒裝句主謂一致名詞性從句強調(diào)句語態(tài)虛擬語氣詞匯考試形式:詞匯主要涉及到名詞、動詞、動詞短語、形容詞、副詞等的近義詞、同義詞、形近詞之間的辨析、詞的搭配及習(xí)慣用法等IV完型填空:樣例:以下短文中共包含5個未完成的句子,針對每個句子中空缺部分,請從A、B、C、D、E五個選項中選出正確選項,并把答案寫在答題紙上。Do you know the story about the fox and the grapes? A fox is _21_ food. He is very hungry. Now, he stands near a wall. The wall is very _22_. The fox is looking up. He sees a lot of fine grapes _23_ the wall. He smiles and says, How nice they are! I want to eat them. The fox jumps and jumps, but the wall is too high. He _24_ get the grapes. The fox says, I must go now. I dont like those grapes. They are green. They are not _25_ to eat. 21. A. looking for B. good C. on D. high E. cant22. A. looking for B. good C. on D. high E. cant23. A. looking for B. good C. on D. high E. cant24. A. looking for B. good C. on D. high E. cant25. A. looking for B. good C. on D. high E. cant答案:ADCEBV. 英譯漢的技巧英漢翻譯一般需經(jīng)過三個階段:理解階段、表達階段和校對階段。理解是表達的前提,沒有正確的理解就談不上確切的表達;而在表達時候,可以進一步加深了對文字的理解;校對則是為了保證譯文能準確無誤地表達出對原文的理解。三個階段互為補充,任何一個階段都不可忽視。直譯是指在翻譯時盡量保持原文的語言表現(xiàn)形式,包括用詞、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和比喻手段等,譯文要求忠實于原意,語言流暢易懂意譯指把原文的大意翻譯出來即可,可以不注重細節(jié),包括不注重原文的用詞、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和比喻,但譯文要求準確并自然流暢。做翻譯題最基本的方法:1.分析原文句子的結(jié)構(gòu),確定它是簡單句后,找出句子中的“主-謂(-賓)S-V-O”結(jié)構(gòu);找出了句子的框架后,再尋找其他修飾語的意思。 2.根據(jù)句子中帶有的連接詞,確定它是復(fù)雜句或并列句,并找出兩個分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系;3. 如果是復(fù)雜句或并列句,一定要找出鏈接兩個分句的連接詞,兩個分句就是兩個簡單句,用上面介紹的翻譯方法翻譯分句,然后再由連接詞和其他方面確定兩個分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系,選擇適當?shù)木涫椒g整個句子。 VI寫作總體要求:切題 意義連貫 沒有重大語言錯誤注意:1. 一定要留出30分鐘的時間來寫作文2注意要正確使用標點符號。3有效地利用起承轉(zhuǎn)合等連接詞。4要盡量使用現(xiàn)成的句型和成語,避免生造硬套(多背范文)5使用通俗易懂簡單明了的句子。6寫完應(yīng)修改錯誤。7把語言錯誤降到最低程度8結(jié)構(gòu)層次要清楚并有條理9強化寫作中的包裝概念(字數(shù)要夠,書寫工整) 10完稿檢查,避免畫蛇添足常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞:舉例說明:for example; Take . . . for example.列舉例證或觀點:First; Second; Third; Last One is . . .; another ; still another Firstly; secondly; thirdly; finally On the one hand, on the other hand遞進:moreover; whats more; furthermore逆轉(zhuǎn):however; on the contrary; although對比:as . . . as; more than; similarly; likewise因果:because (of); result from; therefore; accordingly; result in分類:. . . can be classified into . . .; . . . fall into several classes/categories表達意見:I think; in my opinion; as far as Im concerned 議論文開頭句:Its generally believed that . . . Various views exist as to . . . There is much discussion about . . .結(jié)尾句:To conclude; to sum up; all in all重點復(fù)習(xí)試題(此資料適用于正考和重修的學(xué)生)課程文件夾內(nèi)的另一個輔導(dǎo)資料也一定要看第一部分:交際用語(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分) 此部分共有5個未完成的對話,針對每個對話中未完成的部分有4個選項,請你從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出正確選項,并用鉛筆將答題卡上的相應(yīng)字母涂黑。1. -Would you like to go skating with me? - _.A. Yes, I think so B. No, thanks C. Yes, Id love to D. Im afraid not2. -I have passed the English exam at last. - _.A. We are sorry to hear that B. Im glad to hear thatC. Im satisfied to hear that D. Im surprised to hear that3. - How often do you eat out? -Well, _, but usually once a week.A. have no idea B. it dependsC. as usual D. generally speaking4. - Thank you ever so much for the present you sent me. - _. A. Please dont say so B. Its not so good, I thinkC. No, thanks D. Im glad you like it第二部分:閱讀理解 (共10小題;每小題3分,滿分30分) 此部分共有2篇短文,在第一篇短文后有5個正誤判斷題,從每題后的兩個選項中選出正確答案;在第二篇短文后有5個問題。請從每個問題后的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出正確選項,并用鉛筆將答題卡上的相應(yīng)字母涂黑。Passage 1Clowns(小丑) like to make people laugh. They paint their faces and put on funny noses. Sometimes they put on a sad face but most of the time they put on a happy face. They also wear funny clothes. Most clowns work in circuses. They do all kinds of silly things to make the audience laugh. They run, jump, fall down, turn somersaults (翻滾,斤頭), and roll over. They ride donkeys backwards. They push each other in wagons or wheelbarrows(獨輪車). Sometimes they shout and sing. Clowns are funny men, and occasionally, women, too! A circus is not a circus without clowns! Children especially enjoy watching clowns. A clown named Cookie often visits hospitals to entertain sick children as well as older people. Sick people need to laugh. It helps them to get better faster. There is an old saying: Laughter is good medicine. 1. Clowns make people laugh by doing all kinds of silly things. A. T B. F2. Clowns are mostly female. A. T B. F3. The sentence A circus is not a circus without clowns means a circus will not be of much fun if it has no clowns. A. T B. F4. Clowns are a great favorite with children. A. T B. F5. The best interpretation of the old saying Laughter is good medicine may be laughter cures peoples diseases. A. T B. FPassage 2America is a very large country. It has many kinds of landscapes (風(fēng)景) and many different kinds of people. In the East, the countryside is green and fresh. Here are some of the first states and some of the big cities. New York and the capital, Washington D.C., are in the East. In the South, there is the beautiful city of New Orleans, the capital of jazz. It is something hot here and the people here are very different from those in the East. The Central Plains of America are rich with big fields of crops, such as wheat and corn. In the south-west, it is often hot and dry. But the deserts and mountains are beautiful. And California, on the West Coast, is famous as a “paradise” state, which is dreamed by people around the world. Every year, thousands of people visit this area. The weather in the Mid-west, near the Great lakes, is often cold and windy, and there is a lot of snow in winter.6. America has many different kinds of _. A. landscapes.B. people. C. climatesD. all of the above.7. Which of the following states and cities is in the East ? A. New Orleans.B. Washington D. C. C. California.D. Los Angeles.8. New Orleans is famous for its _. A. folk music.B. popular music. C. jazz music.D. classic music.9. Big fields of wheat and corn can be found in _. A. the East.B. the South. C. the South-West.D. the Central Plains.10. The underlined word “paradise” in paragraph 3 means _. A. desirable.B. horrible C. terrible.D. surprising.第三部分:詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu) (共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分) 此部分共有20個未完成的句子,針對每個句子中未完成的部分有4個選項,請你從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出正確答案,并用鉛筆將答題卡上的相應(yīng)字母涂黑。1. The police will have a difficult time . A. as usually B. as usual C. than usual D. from usual2. Someone had filled the parcel with stones and sand. It was stones and sand. A. full with B. full of C. full by D. full in3. What kind of car did he ? A. drive B. drove C. driven D. driving4. Joe is in gardening. A. interesting B. interest C. interestingly D. interested5. What time did the clock stop? five to twelve. A. On B. At C. In D. During6. Most people wear or carry . A. an alarm clock B. an alarm C. a clock D. a watch7. We are not allowed to touch it. We touch it. A. mustnt B. mustnt to C. havent to D. dont have to8. The company could not pay large salaries. A. so B. a such C. such D. such a9. he has never borrowed any money from the writer. A. Last week B. Up till now C. Since D. A wee

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