The Libido for the Ugly 課件講義

TheLibidofortheUgly 愛丑之欲 HenryLouisMencken 7 OutlineofClassTeaching AnintroductiontoHenryLouisMenckenHisearlylifeandcareerHiswritingstyleHiscontributionstoAmericanlanguageReadingtheoryon Description HenryLouisMencken 1880 1956 The1stAmericantobewidelyreadasacritic 批評家 JamesLowell 詹姆斯 洛威爾 EdgarAllanPoe 埃德加 愛倫 坡 HenryLouisMencken 1880 1956 BorninBaltimorePrivatelyeducatedthereGraduatedfromBaltimorePolytechnicInstitute HenryLouisMencken 1880 1956 BecameareporteronBaltimoreHeraldJoinedSunpaperEditedSmartSetEditedAmericanMercury H L Mencken sGreatConcerns HewasacentralfigureinAmericanintellectuallifeinthe1920s HelaunchedthemostcuttingattacksagainstAmerica smiddleclassculture Inhiswittyandsatiricalessays hemockedtheinstitutionwhichsupportedthemiddleclass Heenjoyed metandchallengedhisantagonistswithhisdirectanddevastatingattacks Hehatednarrowed mindedreligionsandstronglysupportedintellectualfreedom Hefoughtwitheveryefforttomaintaintheindependenceofliterature Hefeltthegreatestthreatofliteraturewasthecountry sprevailingreligion fundamentalism theopinionsofwhichwerebasedontheliteraryinterpretationoftheBible H L Menken sGreatConcerns Hehatedcommercialismanddidnotsupporteddemocracy becausehebelievedthemajorityofAmericanpopulationweretooignorantandgreedytoexert democracy wisely H L Menken sGreatConcerns Mencken sWritingStyle IopenedABookofPrejudicesandbegantoread Iwasjarredandshockedbythestyle theclear clean sweepingsentences Whydidhewritelikethat Andhowdidonewritelikethat Ipicturedthemanasaragingdemon slashingwithhispen Ireadonandwhatamazedmewasnotwhathesaid buthowonearthanybodyhadthecouragetosayit Iidentifiedmyselfwiththatbook RichardWright Rip roaring witty humorous ironical combative withunrestrainedhyperbole extravagantaccentuation fondofpairingadjectives playful comical Mencken swritingisendearingbecauseofitswit itscrispstyle andtheobviousdelighthetakesinit Mencken sWritingStyle Nootherentertainmentgavehimgreaterpleasurethanreportingfromtheconventions nordidanyoneappreciatehiseffortsmorethanMenckenhimself Onereporter peeringthroughMencken swindowlateatnightafteronerally recalledwatchinghimatworkaloneinhishotelroom poundingoutcopyonatypewriterproppedonadesk Hewouldtypeafewsentences readthem slaphisthigh tosshisheadback androarwithlaughter Thenhewouldtypesomemorelines guffaw andsoonuntiltheendofthearticle MarionElizabethRodgers Mencken sWritingStyle Mencken sworkswerereceivedwithbothdelightandhorror dependingonthereaders pointofview HewashighlyrespectedforhisliterarycriticismandheexertedagreatinfluenceonAmericanliterature Mencken sWritingStyle Mencken sContributionstotheAmericanLanguage Editor socialcritic andlongtimejournalistwithTheBaltimoreSun Menckeninspiredmanyyoungwritersinthe1920s Andthoughhediedmorethanhalfacenturyago hisrip roaring witty combative yetgracefulstylecontinuesto stiruptheanimals andattractfreshadmirers H L MenckenwroteTheAmericanLanguageAnInquiryintotheDevelopmentofEnglishintheUnitedStatesThisclassicwaswrittentoclarifythediscrepanciesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishandtodefinethedistinguishingcharacteristicsofAmericanEnglish Mencken sgroundbreakingstudywasundoubtedlythemostscientificlinguisticworkontheAmericanlanguagetodateandcontinuestoserveasadefinitiveresourceinthefield Mencken sContributionstotheAmericanLanguage ReadingTheoryon Description Whatisadescription Whatdoesthewriterdoinadescription Whatkindofwordsarepreferredinadescription Whatistheorderoforganizationforadescription Whatisadescription Descriptionconveysthesensations emotionsandimpressionsthataffectawriterexperiencingaperson place objectoridea Whatdoesthewriterdoinadescription Thewriterdescribeswhathesees hears smells feels ortastes anditoftenincludeshisemotionalreactionstothephysicalsensationsoftheexperience Indescription awriterpaintsverbalpictureofaplace objectoraperson Whatkindofwordsarepreferredinadescription Inordertoenablehisreadertoperceivetherealityoftheoriginal heproducesanimageandevokesthatrealityessentiallybyspecificandconcretewordsthatappealtothereader ssenseofsight smell sound tasteandtouch Whatistheorderoforganizationforadescription Descriptionisusuallyorganizedanddevelopedbyspaceorder Thewritermayselectafixedpositioninspace thenmovefromdistancetocloseup orfromcloseuptodistance fromlefttoright orfromrighttoleft etc Hemayalsoestablishamentalattitudetowardhissubjectandthenmoveontootherfeatures Adescriptionmaybeeithergeneralorspecific Whenthecontrollingsentencecallsforgeneraldescription thewriterselectsseveralofthemaintypicaltraitswhichcharacterizethesubjectandproceedtoanalyze enumerateorsynthesizeitsfeatures Forspecificdescription hefocusesonthespecialcharacteristicswhichidentifyortypifytheperson placeorobjectbeingdescribed Adescriptionmaybesubjectiveorobjective Anobjectivedescriptionismuchthesameasawhiteandblackphotograph Asubjectivedescriptionistosharewiththereaderanexpressionoremotion Thewriterisemotionalandsubjectivebychoosingwordsrichinconnotativemeaningandbystronglyappealingtothereaders AbouttheTitle TheLibidofortheUgly Thestrongurgetolovethingsugly Libido aspecialterminpsychoanalysismeaningphysicalenergyordesiregenerally Menckendeliberatelyusesthiswordtocreatetheimpressionthathisdescriptionandanalysishassomescientificfoundation 1 Pittsburgh匹茲堡2 Pennsylvania賓夕法尼亞州 Detailedstudyofthepassage 1 Pittsburgh匹茲堡2 Pennsylvania賓夕法尼亞州PittsburghisacityinsouthwestPennsylvania ItisoneofthemostimportantindustrialcitiesofAmerica andacenterofrailandrivertransportation Termed SteelCity or SmokyCity itisthecenterofrichbituminouscoalregion producingalsonaturalgas oilandlimestone AlargepartofAmericansteelandironisproducedhere 3 WestmorelandAcountyinsouthwestPennsylvania ItscountyseatisGreensburg Itisaminingandmanufacturingregion 4 Itwasfamiliarland boyandman Ihadbeenthroughitoftenbefore AsaboyandlaterwhenIgrewupasaman Ihadoftentravelledthroughtheregion 6 lucrative adj producingwealthorprofit profitable remunerative有利可圖的 賺錢的7 hideous adj horribletosee hear etc veryuglyorrevolting dreadful駭人聽聞的 非常丑陋的 可怕的8 forlorn adj inpitifulcondition wretched miserable可憐的 悲慘的 不幸的 9 macabre adj gruesome grimandhorrible ghastly可怕的 令人毛骨悚然的 恐怖的putation n theactofcomputing calculation計算11 abominable adj nastyanddisgusting vile loathsome討厭的 可惡的12 alley n anarrowstreetorwalk specifically alanebehindarowofbuildingsorbetweentworowsofbuildingsthatfaceonadjacentstreets胡同 小巷 小街 Pleasefindoutthefiguresofspeechincludedinthefirstparagraph Hyperbole therichestandgrandestnationeverseenonearth soabominablethattheywouldhavedisgracedaraceofalleycats Contrast therichestregion hideous bleak forlornscene Metaphor heartofindustrialAmerica AsecondlookatPara 1 AsecondlookatPara 1 Para 1isdevelopedbycontrastingthegreatwealthofthisregiontotheuglyhumanhabitationsseeneverywhere ThecontrastinthelastsentencehelpsMenckentograbreaders attentions Thereadersmayfailtounderstandwhysuchrichpeopleliveinsuchuglyhouses hencetheyreadon Andthecontrasthelpstomakeapoint theuglinessisnotoutofpoverty 13 filth n disgustinglyoffensivedirt garbage etc 污穢 污物 垃圾14 allude v referinacasualorindirectway 隨便或間接 提到 涉及 暗指15 monstrousness n strangeshape奇形怪狀16 lacerate v tearjaggedly mangle somethingsoft asflesh woundorhurt one sfeelings etc deeply distress撕裂 割碎 肉等軟組織 傷害 感情等 使 傷心 17 pretentious adj makingclaims explicitorimplicit tosomedistinction importance dignity orexcellence自負的 自命不凡的 自大的18 linger v continuetostay esp throughreluctancetoleave逗留 尤指不愿離開 19 downright adv thoroughly utterly really徹底地 完全地 真正地20 dormer n awindowsetuprightinaslopingroof屋頂窗 21 leprous adj oforlikeleprosy havingleprosy麻風的 似麻風的 患麻風病的22 headquartersoftheVeteransofForeignWars 外國戰(zhàn)爭退伍軍人總部 Seenote1formoreinformation 23 rat trap n atrapforcatchingrats捕鼠夾 子 24 misshapen adj badlyshaped deformed distorted奇形怪狀的 畸形的25 uncomely adj havingunpleasantappearance不美觀的 不好看的 26 grime n dirt esp sootydirt rubbedintoorcoveringasurface asoftheskin 尤指經(jīng)摩擦而深入或覆蓋皮膚等表面的 積垢 污穢27 gully n achannelorhollowwornbyrunningwater small narrowravine溝壑 狹溝 沖溝28 chalet n atypeofSwisshouse builtofwoodwithbalconiesandoverhangingeaves 瑞士的木造 農(nóng)舍 山上小舍29 high pitched adj steepinslope sideofroofs 屋頂 坡度陡的 30 Theyhavetakenastheirmodelabricksetonend themodeltheyfollowedinbuildingtheirhouseswasabrickstandingupright 31 dingy adj dirty colored notbrightorclean grimy不干凈的 不明亮的 弄臟的32 clapboard n athin narrowboardwithoneedgethickerthantheother usedassiding護墻板 隔板33 low pitched withlittleslope nearlyflatoreven 34 preposterous adj socontrarytonature reason orcommonsenseastobelaughable absurd ridiculous反常的 乖戾的 十分荒謬的 愚蠢的35 pier n aheavycolumn usuallysquare usedtosupportweight asattheendofanarch角柱 支柱36 swinish adj oforlikeaswine beastly piggish coarse etc 豬 似 的 鄙賤的 粗俗的37 perpendicular adj exactlyupright vertical straightupordown垂直的 矗立的 38 precarious adj uncertain insecure risky不穩(wěn)定的 不安全的 危險的39 eczematous adj ofitchingskindisease濕疹的40 patina n afinecrustorfilmonbronzeorcopper usuallygreenorgreenish blue formedbynaturaloxidationandoftenvaluedasbeingornamental 青銅器上的 綠銹41 longpastallhopeorcaring anegg thathadlongpastthetimewhentherewassomehopethatitmightstillbeedible longpastthetimewhenpeoplewerestillconcernedaboutit 42 uremia n atoxicconditioncausedbythepresenceinthebloodofwasteproductsnormallyeliminatedintheurineandresultingfromafailureofthekidneystosecreteurine尿毒癥43 loathsome adj causingloathing disgusting abhorrent detestable討厭的 厭惡的 令人作嘔的44 laborious adj involvingmuchhardwork difficult industrious hard working費力的 困難的 勤勞的 辛苦的 45 championship hereisnotawardedtothebestbuttheworst 46 incessant adj neverceasing continuingorbeingrepeatedwithoutstoppingorinawaythatseemsendless constant不停的 連續(xù)的 不間斷的47 incessantprayer byaskingGodconstantlytohelpmetocometoacorrectdecision 48 decompose v breakuporseparateintobasiccomponentsorparts rot分解 使 腐爛 使 腐敗 49 Pullman arailroadcarwithprivatecompartmentsorseatsthatcanbemadeupintosleepers 50 whirl tomove go drive etc swiftly 51 forsake v giveup renounce ahabit idea etc leave abandon拋棄 放棄 思想 習(xí)慣等 遺棄 背棄52 malarious adj offeverconveyedbymosquitoes瘧疾的 空氣污濁的53 hamlet n averysmallvillage小村莊 54 incomparable adj beyondcomparison unequalled matchless無與倫比的 舉世無雙的 無敵的 無比的55 titanic adj ofgreatsize strength orpower巨大的 力大無比的 有極大權(quán)力的56 aberrant adj turningawayfromwhatisright true etc deviatingfromwhatisnormalortypical與正確或真實情況相背的 偏離常規(guī)的 反常的57 uncompromising adj notcompromisingoryielding firm inflexible determined不妥協(xié)的 堅定的 不讓步的 堅決的 58 inimical adj 1ikeanenemy hostile unfriendly adverse unfavorable敵人似的 敵對的 不友好的 相反的 不利的59 ingenuity n cleverness originality skill etc 機智 創(chuàng)造力 獨創(chuàng)性 熟練60 grotesquery n thequalityorstateofbeinggrotesque奇形怪狀 怪誕61 retrospect n alookingbackonorthinkingaboutthingspast contemplationorsurveyofthepast回顧 回想 追溯 62 diabolical adj ofthedevilordevils fiendish惡魔的 殘忍的 兇暴的63 concoct v devise invent orplan計劃 策劃 虛構(gòu) 編造64 insensate adj notfeeling ornotcapableoffeeling sensation無感覺的 無知覺的65 abomination adj greathatred anddisgust anythinghatefulanddisgusting憎恨 厭惡 令人討厭的東西 66 putrid adj decomposing rottenandfoul smelling腐爛的 腐敗的67 pull drawingfor