2015高考英 完形填空巧用上下文語境

第一篇語言知識及應(yīng)用第一節(jié)巧用上下文語境 所謂語境 就是指文章的上下文 高考完形填空試題中 語境題是考查考生感知語言材料時所具備的基礎(chǔ)知識 閱讀能力 思維判斷能力的綜合性試題 要求考生在解答試題時 以語篇為根本 根據(jù)試題所處的語言環(huán)境來作出正確的判斷與選擇 該類題型著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文提供的信息進行分析 推理 判斷的能力 在高考完形填空試題中 語境題所占比例最大 約在50 以上 考查對具體語境的理解是近幾年全國各省市高考完形填空的最大特點 充分體現(xiàn)了高考 突出語境 淡化語法 的改革思路和命題精神 例1Bodylanguageisthequiet secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall Itspeaks 1 thanwords Accordingtospecialists ourbodiessendoutmore 2 thanwerealize Infact non verbalcommunication 非言語交際 takesupabout50 ofwhatwereally 3 Andbodylanguageisparticularly 4 whenweattempttocommunicateacrosscultures 文化 Whatiscalledbodylanguageissomuch apartofusthatit sactuallyoftenunnoticed Andmisunderstandingsoccurasaresultofit 一 根據(jù)上文語境考查下文語境 1 A straighterB louderC harderD further2 A sandsB invitationsC feelingsD messages3 A hopeB receiveC discoverD mean4 A immediateB misleadingC importantD difficult 1 解析 根據(jù)上文 Bodylanguageisthequiet secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall 可知 答案 B2 解析 根據(jù)上文 Itspeaks 1 thanwords 及下文 Infact non verbalcommunicationtakesupabout50 ofwhatwereally 3 可知 答案 D 3 解析 根據(jù)上文 Itspeaks 1 thanwords Accordingtospecialists ourbodiessendoutmore 2 thanwerealize 可知 答案 D4 解析 根據(jù)上文 Bodylanguageisthequiet secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall 可知 答案 C 例2AroundtwentyyearsagoIwaslivinginYork ThoughIhadalotofexperienceandaMaster sdegree Icouldnotfindsatisfyingwork Iwasdrivingaschoolbustomakeendsmeetandlivingwithafriendofmine forIhadlostmyflat Ihadattendedfiveinterviews 面試 withacompanyandonedaybetweenbusrunstheycalledtosayIdidnotgetthejob Whyhasmylifebecomeso Ithoughtpainfully A hardB busyC seriousD short 根據(jù)上文 Icouldnotfindsatisfyingwork tomakeendsmeetandlivingwithafriendofmine forIhadlostmyflat Ihadattendedfiveinterviews 面試 withcompanyand theycalledtosayIdidnotgetthejob 可知 生活艱難 hard A 例1Iwasn ttheonlyone new atthegame soIdecidedto onlearningthegame domybestateachpracticesession andnotbetoohardonmyselfforthethingsIdidn tknow justyet A focusB actC relyD try 二 利用下文語境考查上文語境 根據(jù)下文 domybestateachpracticesession 可知作者下定決心學(xué)好籃球 把精力都集中在學(xué)習(xí)籃球上 故選A focuson 把精力集中到 上 acton 按照 而行動 relyon 依賴 tryon 試穿 四個選項中只有focuson才能和learningthegame連用 A 例2Bodylanguageisthequiet secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall Forexample differentsocietiestreatthe 1 betweenpeopledifferently NorthernEuropeansusuallydonotlikehaving 2 contact 接觸 evenwithfriends certainlynotwithstrangers PeoplefromLatinAmericancountriesontheotherhand toucheachotherquitealot Therefore it spossiblethatinconversationitmaylooklikeaLatinois 3 aNorwegianallover theroom TheLatino tryingtoexpressfriendship willkeepmoving 4 TheNorwegian veryprobablyseeingthisaspushiness willkeepbackingawaywhichtheLatinowillinreturnregardascoldness 1 A tradeB distanceC connectionsD greetings2 A eyeB verbal C bodilyD telephone3 A disturbingB helpingC guidingD following4 A closerB fasterC inD away 1 解析 根據(jù)下文 NorthernEuropeansusuallydonotlikehaving 2 contact toucheachotherquitealot 可知 應(yīng)選distance 答案 B2 解析 根據(jù)下文 PeoplefromLatinAmericancountriesontheotherhand toucheachotherquitealot 可知 指身體的 bodily 接觸 答案 C 3 解析 根據(jù)下文 TheLatino tryingtoexpressfriendship whichtheLatinowillinreturnregardascoldness 可知 句意 因此 在談話時 就有可能看起來好像一個Latino跟著 following 一個Norwegian在屋里團團轉(zhuǎn) 答案 D4 解析 根據(jù)下文 TheNorwegian veryprobablyseeingthisaspushiness 可知 應(yīng)選closer 答案 A 例1AlfredNobelbecameamillionaireandchangedthewaysofmining construction andwarfareastheinventorofdynamite 炸藥 thearticleread Dr AlfredNobel whobecame byfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore diedyesterday Nobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneyto A famousB sickC richD popular 三 考查對上下文語境的綜合理解 由首句 becameamillionaire 和后文 givethelargestpartofhismoney 可知 此空應(yīng)選C C 例2Thedegreeofsimilaritybetweenthepotentialhelperandthepersoninneedisalsoimportant Forexample peoplearemorelikelytohelpastrangerwhoisfromthesamecountryratherthanaforeigner Inonestudy shoppersonabusystreetinScotlandweremorelikelytohelpapersonwearinga n T shirtthanapersonwearingaT shirtprintedwithoffensivewords A expensiveB plainC cheapD strange 根據(jù)上文 Thedegreeofsimilaritybetweenthepotentialhelperandthepersoninneedisalsoimportant 及下文 thanapersonwearingaT shirtprintedwithoffensivewords 可知 應(yīng)選與offensivewords相對的plain 素色的 無裝飾的 樸素的 B 利用上下文語境解答下列完形填空題 一 Justsittinginthewheelchairwasalearningexperience Itriedtofinda 1 positionandthoughtitmightberestful justkindofnice tobe 2 aroundforawhile Lookingaround I 3 Iwouldhavetohandlethethingmyself 即學(xué)即練 1 A flexibleB safeC startingD comfortable2 A shownB pushedC drivenD Guided3 A realizedB suggestedC agreedD admitted 1 解析 根據(jù)上文 sittinginwheelchair 可知此處意為 我試著找一個比較舒服的姿勢 答案 D2 解析 根據(jù)上文中的wheelchair可知選pushed bepushedaround表示 被別人推著到處轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn) 答案 B3 解析 根據(jù)上文 restful justkindofnice 及下文 Iwouldhavetohandlethethingsmyself 可知作者意識到 realize 事情并不像自己想的那樣 答案 A 二 IfellinlovewithYosemiteNationalParkthefirsttimeIsawit WhenIwas13 myparentstookusthereforcamping Onthewayout IaskedthemtowaitwhileIranuptoElCapitan ahugerockof3 300feetstraightup ItouchedthatgiantrockandknewimmediatelyIwantedtoclimbit Thathasbeenmylife spassion 鐘愛 eversince therocksandmountainsofYosemite I velongmadeYosemitemyhome Asarock climbingguide Iknewnothingaboutorganizinganybigevent Butin2004 togetherwithsomeclimbers A imaginingB paintingC describingD climbing 解析 根據(jù)上文 ItouchedthatgiantrockandknewimmediatelyIwantedtoclimbit 及下文 Asarock climbingguide 可知 從那時以來 攀巖 climbing 和爬山成了我的鐘愛 答案 D 三 Ruleshelpuslivetogetherinharmony becausetheyshowustherightwaytotreatothers However somepeoplearguethatrulesmaybe havingobservedthatruleschangeallthetime andthatsomeschoolshavesomeregulationsandothershavedifferentones sowhoistodecidewhatisright A disgustingB confusingC unsafeD unimportant 解析 根據(jù)下文 ruleschangeallthetime andthatsomeschoolshavesomeregulationsandothershavedifferentones sowhoistodecidewhatisright 可知應(yīng)選confusing 令人困惑的 答案 B 四 Butthephonedidn twork andwhenhetriedtogodowntheoutdoorstairway hewas 1 byawallofflames Sibsonrealizedhewastrapped 困住 Sibson shousewasthreekilometers 2 themainroadandwas