非限制性定語從句.doc

.非限制性定語從句語境呈現(xiàn)1觀察下列句子，注意劃線部分的用法。1)This note was left by Mr.Li,who was here a moment ago.2)This novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.3)The bus ran into a crowd of people,some of whom were sent to hospital.4China has hundreds of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.5)She was kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him.6)All of my books are on the desk,where I always keep them.7)My brother,whose skin is a little black,has a slim figure.8)They decided to put off the meeting until next Saturday,when they wouldnt be so busy.規(guī)律精點(diǎn)1 所謂非限制性定語從句，顧名思義，對主句所描述的人或物起 的作用，去掉后主句意思仍然完整；它與句子之間常用逗號隔開，其引導(dǎo)詞有who,whom,whose,which,when,where,as。that和why 不能引導(dǎo)分限制性定語從句。有時用不定代詞、數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級+of+whom/which指代先行詞或先行詞的一部分。語境呈現(xiàn)2觀察下列句子，注意劃線部分的用法。1)As is known to us,the sky is blue. The sky is blue,which is known to us.2)The big tree was cut down yesterday,as is reported in todays newspaper. The big tree was cut down yesterday,which is about three hundred years old.規(guī)律精點(diǎn)2 關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其與which的區(qū)別在于：1)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可置于句首、居中或句尾；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能置于 。（如果定語從句為否定句或表示否定意義，則使用which）。2)as指代的是 ，which除了可指代整個主句內(nèi)容外還可指代主句的某個部分。1.The result of the experiment was very good, we hadnt expected.A.when B.what C.that D.which2.Lily was always talking about her wealthy husband, of course,made the other ladies unhappy.A.who B.which C.what D.that3)The writer has written a number of books, only one is widely read.A.which B.of which C.that D.what4)This is Mr Day, I think has something interesting to tell you.A.who B.whom C.that D.which5) is reported in todays paper,people have found the lost boy.A.It B.That C.As D.What6)The result was not the same they had expected, was rather disappointing.A.which;as B.as;which C.as;that D.that;which高考鏈接1)After the flooding,people were suffering in that area, urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A.which B.who C.where D.what2)When deeply absorbed in work, he often was,he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A.that B.which C.where D.when淺談非限制性定語從句定語從句（限制性和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別）1.定語從句有時跟先行詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切，只是作一些補(bǔ)充說明，不起限制作用，這種從句稱為非限制性定語從句。它常常用逗號與主句分開；翻譯時常譯成并列的分句。例如：This note was left by John,who was here a moment ago.這條子是約翰留下的，他剛才來過這兒。2. 非限制性定語從句在修飾人時用who(主格),whom(賓格),whose(所有格),即：在定語從句中關(guān)系代詞指人做主語時，只能用who;作賓語時，只能用whom，不能有幾種選擇，也不能省略，只有一種答案。在修飾物時用which而不能用that?？傊?，非限制性定語從句里沒有that，也沒有why。1)Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of my fathers.張先生昨天來看我，他是我父親的一位老朋友。2)She had seven children,three of whom lived to grow up.她生了七個孩子，其中三個長大成人。3)The team is headed by a Chinese,whose wife is a Japanese.這個對的隊長是個中國人，他的妻子是日本人。4)We visited the Jade Buddha Temple,which is in the northwestern part of Shanghai.我們參觀了玉佛寺，它在上海的西北部。5.It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds of which are ploughed.它有兩萬公頃的土地，其中三分之二以上已經(jīng)耕種。6)We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.我們沿著村莊的街道走，他們的趕集日在哪兒進(jìn)行。7)In the old days, I was a little boy,the city had no industry to speak of.過去這城市無工業(yè)可言，那時我還是個小孩。3. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，若關(guān)系代詞所指代的先行項(xiàng)是整個主句，則關(guān)系代詞用as或which.它們有三點(diǎn)相同和四點(diǎn)不同之處。相同點(diǎn)：1)which和as都可在SVC（主語+系動詞+表語）或SV（主語+謂語）結(jié)構(gòu)的非限制性定語從句中作主語，此時兩者可互換使用。He said he had lost the book,which/as was true.All the schools will reopen on Sept.1(st),which/as is announced in todays paper.2)在SVC結(jié)構(gòu)的非限制性定語從句中，which和as作表語時可互換使用。注意此時的which或as指代上文中的表語部分。He seemed a foreigner,which /as in fact he was.3)在SVO（主謂賓）結(jié)構(gòu)的非限制性定語從句中，which和as作賓語時可互換。I was very useful to him,which/as he realized.不同點(diǎn)：1) 在SVOCo(主謂賓賓補(bǔ))結(jié)構(gòu)的非限制性定語從句中，做主語或賓語時通常用which，而不用as.It was raining hard,which kept us indoors.2) 在SVO結(jié)構(gòu)的非限制性定語從句中，做主語時通常用which，而不用as.Tom has made great progress,which delighted us.3) as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，通常用在表示肯定意義的從句中，而不能用在表示否定意義的從句中；which則不受此限制。例如：She has been married again,which was unexpected.（which常在定語從句中作delay耽擱，推遲、worry、upset、make的主語，且定語從句中常含復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）4) as所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置比較靈活，它可以位于句末，也可位于句首或居中；而which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置比較固定，通常位于句末，而不可移置句首。例如：We cant do without rules,as/which you know. As you know,we cant do without rules.He failed the exam,which/as was natural. As was natural,he failed the exam.All the schools will reopen on Sept.1(st),which/as is announced in todays paper.As is announced in todays paper,all the schools will reopen on Sept.1(st).He admires Mr.Brown very much,which surprises me.He arrived half an hour late,which annoyed us all.My sister is a good nurse,which I am not.His sister has become a doctor,which he wants her to be.易混辨析區(qū)別項(xiàng)目限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式與主句之間不用逗號隔開，口語中不停頓。與主句之間常用逗號隔開，口語中有停頓。作用對先行詞的意義進(jìn)行修飾、限制，若去掉，則句意不完整。對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用，若省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。翻譯與含義翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前，限制先行詞。翻譯時與主句隔開，對先行詞解釋說明。先行詞名詞或代詞。名詞、代詞、短語或句子。關(guān)系詞各類關(guān)系詞，有幾種選擇，有時可省。不用that和why，一般只有一種選擇，關(guān)系詞不可省。巧學(xué)助記：巧辯限制性與非限制性定語從句定語從句好分辨，沒有逗號即為“限”，逗號一出定“非限”；關(guān)系引導(dǎo)所用詞，隨著“先行”巧妙變；“非限”that/why靠邊站；“非限”引導(dǎo)不省全（全部不可省略）；“as”殊詞記心間；the same/suchas連，“正如、正像”意恒念，固定搭配多鍛煉。（as anybody can see/as is well known/as we all know/as we had expected/as often happens/as often is the case/as has been said above/as is mentioned above/as is reported/announced）Can you tell me basic structure of Attributive clause?名詞/代詞+關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞+不完整的句子Fill in the chart（限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選用）.關(guān)系詞先行詞（物）先行詞（人）定語時間狀語地點(diǎn)狀語原因狀語主語賓語主語賓語關(guān)系代詞whichthatwhowhomwhose關(guān)系副詞whenwherewhyRead the following sentences and fill in the blanks using the relative pronouns and the relative adverbs.1. The person _ is standing there is my teacher.2. The person _ you spoke just now is my teacher.3. The person _ you spoke to just now is my teacher.4. I bought a car_ cost little.5. The car _ I bought yesterday cost little.6. This school is the one _ I studied ten years ago.7. This is the little girl _ parents were killed in the earthquake.8. The boss in _ company my father worked is a very kind man.9. I will remember that day _ I first came to Beijing.10. There are several minutes reasons _ we cant do that.非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選用：關(guān)系詞先行詞（物）先行詞（人）定語時間狀語地點(diǎn)狀語原因狀語主語賓語主語賓語關(guān)系代詞whichthatwhowhomwhose關(guān)系副詞whenwherewhy當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或被物主代詞或指示代詞修飾時:Kungming,where I was born,is beautiful.Beijing,which is the capital of China,has a very long history.John,who greeted me,is my teacher.My car,which