【英語】北師大版 語法解讀（Unit 5　Rhythm）

Unit 5Rhythm語法解讀狀語從句一、定義狀語從句在句中作狀語,修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞或副詞等,有時修飾整個主句。狀語從句放在主句之前時,常用逗號分開;放在主句之后,一般不用逗號。二、分類狀語從句按其意義和作用可分為時間、條件、原因、讓步、目的、結果、方式、比較、地點狀語從句。1.時間狀語從句時間狀語從句常用的連詞有when,as,while,before,after,since,till(until),once,as soon as,hardly.when.,no sooner.than,the moment等。時間狀語從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如：Ill go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.明天我回來后接著干這個工作。連詞when,while,as都表示“當時候”,但是when引導的從句的動作和主句的動作可以同時發(fā)生,也可以先后發(fā)生；用as,while時則強調主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。as和when可指時間的某個點,也可指一段時間,但while不可以表示某個點的時間,它所引導的從句中謂語動詞必須用延續(xù)性動詞。如果主句表示的是短暫動作,而從句用延續(xù)動詞的進行時態(tài)表示在一段時間內正在進行的動作時,as,when和while都可使用。如：While I was reading,he came in.他進來時,我正在閱讀。As he walked along the street,he sang happily.他走在大街上,高興地唱著歌。till(until)表示“一直到(為止)”時,主句和從句都用肯定式,主句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞;not.until表示“直到才”時,主句用否定式,從句用肯定式,主句要用短暫性動詞。如：He did not get up till his mother came in.直到他媽媽進來,他才起床。He worked until it was dark.他一直工作到天黑。as soon as和the moment引導的從句表示“一就”。用no sooner.than和hardly.when引導的從句表示“剛就”時,主句中的動詞一般用過去完成時,從句用過去時;而且當no sooner或hardly位于句首時主句采用部分倒裝,即把助動詞had提到前面。As soon as I finish the work,Ill go to see you.我一完成工作就去看你。Hardly had I entered the room when I heard loud noise.我剛走進房間就聽見了巨大的聲音。還有一些詞,如immediately,directly,instantly和as soon as同義，也可引導時間狀語從句。某些名詞詞組如the minute,the instant,the day,the year,every time,next time等也可引導時間狀語從句。如：Alice recognised Tom instantly/the instant she saw him.艾麗絲一看見湯姆就認出他來了。2.原因狀語從句1)原因狀語從句常用because,since和as引導。如：As it is snowing,we shall not go to the park.天在下雪,我們不去公園了吧。注:for也可以引導句子表示原因。但不是從句。辨析:because,since,as和forbecause引導原因狀語從句，著重點在于說明聽話人不知道的原因或理由。如：He is absent because he is ill.他因病缺席。You want to know why Im leaving?Because Im fed up.你想知道我為什么要走嗎？因為我待夠了。since相對于because來說語氣弱一點,側重主句,從句表示顯然的或已經知道的理由。as語氣相對于since弱一點,表示“由于,因為”,著重點不在從句,而在于主句,原因、理由已為人們所知,只是附帶說明。如：She bought herself an iron,as/since she felt she couldnt keep borrowing Annes.她自己買了個熨斗,因為她覺得不能老是借安妮的。As/Since women were not supposed to be novelists,she took the name George Eliot.由于人們認為女人是不能成為小說家的,她就用了喬治艾略特這個名字。for是表示因果概念的并列連詞,它所引導的是一個并列句,不是從句。如：It must have rained last night,for the ground was quite wet this morning.昨晚一定下了雨,因為今天早上地面很濕。2)引導原因狀語從句的其他連詞有now(that),seeing(that),considering(that)等。如：Now(that) all the guests have arrived,lets have dinner.既然客人都到了,我們開飯吧。3.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句常用where,wherever等連詞引導;注意不要和where引導的定語從句混淆。如：We shall go where working conditions are difficult.(狀語從句)我們該去工作條件艱苦的地方。We shall go to the place where working conditions are difficult.(定語從句)我們應當?shù)綏l件最艱苦的地方去。4.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句用if,unless(if.not),as(so) long as(只要),so(as) far as,in case,suppose,supposing(用于問句),on condition that,provided(that)等詞引導,如果主句是將來時,條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示。如：As long as I live,I shall work hard.只要我活著就會努力工作。I shall not go to school unless I finish my homework.不完成作業(yè),我是不會去上學的。5.讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句由although(though),as,even if,however,whatever,no matter who (how.),whether.or等詞引導。如：No matter who asks her for advice,she is always ready to help.無論誰問她建議,她都會幫忙。注意:1)由as引導的讓步狀語從句,須將作表語的形容詞或名詞(名詞前不用冠詞)放在句首。如：Clever as he is,he doesnt study well.盡管他非常聰明,卻學得不好。2)由although(though)引導的讓步狀語從句,主句不能用but。如：Although it rained heavily,they still went out.雖然雨下得很大,他們還是出去了。6.結果狀語從句結果狀語從句一般由so that,so.that.,such.that.引導,在非正式語體中,由so.that.,such.that.引導的句子中that可以省略。有時,such作代詞,后面直接跟結果狀語從句。如：The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.這個盒子太重了沒有人能夠搬動它。It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.這個盒子太重了沒有人能夠搬動它。7.目的狀語從句目的狀語從句常用so that,in order that等引導,常放在主句之后。如：They started early so that they might arrive in time.他們出發(fā)得很早,以便按時到達。He works hard in order that he can serve the country well.為了更好地為國家服務,他工作非常努力。目的狀語從句還可由in case,for fear that等詞引導,從句中還可用“should+動詞原形”結構。如：Take your raincoat in case it should rain.為了防止下雨,帶上雨傘吧。so (that) 既可引導目的狀語從句,也可引導結果狀語從句。但目的狀語從句與前面的主句之間通常不用逗號,從句中有情態(tài)動詞。記憶要訣 相貌一樣難分開目的狀語與結果狀語從句引導詞so that辨析目的結果（so）that,相貌一樣難分開。結果狀語so that,主從停頓分兩排;目的狀語so that,從句之中有情態(tài)。主從之間沒逗號,一氣呵成連起來。注意:so.that結構中,so修飾的短語可置于句首,加強句子語氣,主語和謂語動詞要倒裝。如:So crowded is this bus that I can hardly breathe.車上如此擁擠以至于我?guī)缀醮粍託狻?.方式狀語從句方式狀語從句放在主句之后,用as,just as,as if,as though等引導。as if和as though引導的從句一般用虛擬語氣,但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實現(xiàn),也可用陳述語氣。如：The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.那個老人跑得非?？?好像是個輕人。You may do as you please.你想干什么就干什么吧。9.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常用as.as.,than,not so.as.,the more.the more.等詞引導。比較狀語從句部分常是省略句。如：I know you better than he does.我比他了解你。The more we can do for you,the happier we will be.我們?yōu)槟阕龅迷蕉?我們就越高興。三、as作為從屬連詞能引導五種狀語從句1.引導時間狀語從句。as作“當時”解,表示從句和主句的動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。如：She glanced at me curiously as I opened the door.我開門時,她好奇地瞧了我一眼。（兩動作略有先后）As I was coming here,I met your brother.我往這兒來的時候,遇見了你哥哥。（前動作過程中,后動作發(fā)生）He stare at me solemnly as I went out of the door.我走出門時,他嚴肅地注視我。（兩個動作同時發(fā)生）Jane heard the story as she washed.珍妮邊洗衣服邊聽故事。（兩個長動作同時進行）2.引導原因狀語從句。as作“由于”“既然”解,著重用事實說明原因。如：As all the seats are full,he stood there.由于座無虛席,他站在那里。3.引導方式狀語從句。as作“按照”“如同”解。如：I have changed it as you proposed.我已按照你的建議做了修改。Do it as I do.我怎么干,你就怎么干。這類狀語從句中,“it+be” 有時被省略掉。如：As (it was) expected,the forestation movement rapidly spread.如所預料,植樹造林運動迅速地被普遍掀起。4.引導讓步狀語從句。as作“雖然”“盡管”解。如：Child as she is,she can write good compositions.她雖幼,卻能寫出好作文。Poor as he was,he was honest.他雖窮,卻很誠實。5.引導比較狀語從句。前一as是副詞（“那樣”）,后一as是連詞（“像”）。四、as,when,while 用法有何異同as“正當”“在的同時”。when“在時”“當?shù)臅r候”。while“在期間”“在過程中”。1.在從句的長動作（包括延續(xù)性動詞的一般時和進行時）的過程中,發(fā)生了主句的短動作（瞬時性動作的一般時）,as,when,while三詞都可用作連詞,引出這一過程。如：As(When,While) I was walking to school,I saw Mr.Johnson.我走向學校時,見到了約翰遜先生。As(When,While)we were still laughing,the teacher came in.我們還在大笑時,老師進來了。I entered while(as,when) the meeting was going on.會議正在進行時，我進來了。2.兩個一般時的長動作相并進行的時候,as,when,while都可用作連詞。如：He sang as(while,when) he worked.他一邊干活,一邊唱歌。Her voice trembled as(while,when) she spoke.她講話時,聲音發(fā)顫。3.兩個進行時的長動作相并進行的時候,when,while可用作連詞,as不可以。如：Mary was cooking supper while(when) her brother was playing chess.瑪麗在做晚飯,那時她弟弟在下棋。Xiao Yang was singing happily while(when) he was driving home.小楊開著車回家時,高興地唱著歌。4.兩個短動作相并進行的時候或事件同時緊接著發(fā)生時,as,when可用作連詞,while不可以。如：He arrived just as(when) I stepped out of the room.就在我跨出房門時他到了。She thought of him when (just as) she caught sight of the pavilion.就在她猛地看見那亭子時,想到了他。He rose as (when) she entered.她進來時他站了起來。5.從句以系表結構表示狀態(tài)時,when能用作連詞,while間或能用來表示“在期間”。如：When it is wet,the buses are crowded.下雨天公共汽車就擁擠。I left school when it was dark.天黑了我離開了學校。He went back to his home when he was 65.他65歲時,返回故里。6.不論從句還是主句,只要有一方用了完成時態(tài),只有when能用作連詞。如：Hardly I had finished my composition when the bell began to ring.我剛剛寫完作文,鈴就響了。When we got to the cinema,the film had begun.我們到電影院時,電影已經開演了。7.如