英語名詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)和練習(xí)題

中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)第一講（本講所述內(nèi)容前提是一般情況下， 有些詞在特殊情況下會(huì)有不同的解釋）一、 什么是名詞？名詞是詞類的一種，表示人物或事物或地點(diǎn)或者抽象的名稱。二、 名詞在句子中有什么功能？名詞可以在句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語等。三、 名詞的分類普通名詞： 抽象名詞（狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象事物）：beauty fear joy fun courage 物質(zhì)名詞(材料、屬性、固體、液體、氣體物質(zhì)等)：wood meat wine paper ice air water 集合名詞：family people(人們) crowd group team 個(gè)體名詞：dog table man book 專有名詞： 人名：Tom Mr. Smith 地名：China England USA Asia 機(jī)構(gòu)：United Nations四、 名詞的數(shù)1、 可數(shù)名詞（大部分集合名詞、個(gè)體名詞） 可數(shù)名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)概念事可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式，可以用冠詞 a an the 和其他詞如some any many 等詞修飾2、 不可數(shù)名詞（抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、人名、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)）不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能用a an the many 等修飾，但是可以用 some any much 等可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的一些詞修飾。做主語時(shí)常用單數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞可以加介詞短語表示數(shù)的概念： 如 a glass of water, a piece of paper. 3、 可數(shù)名詞數(shù)的變化1、 一般情況下在詞尾加s /s/ /z/如： dogs books 2、 以s x ch sh 結(jié)尾的名詞加上 es / iz/ 如：boxes, buses, watches, dishes. 3、 以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾把y 改為i 再加es / z/ 如story stories baby babies 4、 以o 結(jié)尾的詞有生命的加 es , 無生命的加 s /z/: 例如：有生命： tomato- tomatoes potato- potatoes 無生命：photo-photos piano-pianos 5、以f 或者fe 結(jié)尾通常把f 或 fe 改為 ves /vz/ 如; knife- knives life- lives leaf- leaves 6、 單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變：sheep-sheep deer- deer cattle- cattle Chinese Japanese 7、一些不規(guī)則變化： Man-men woman women Englishman-Englishmen German Germans Tooth-teeth foot-feet child- children mouse- mice 8、集體名如果強(qiáng)調(diào)是個(gè)體則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動(dòng)詞用作復(fù)數(shù)： 如 Family- fmilies class- classes 8、集體名詞以形式以單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，實(shí)際為復(fù)數(shù)概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：people police Cattle 五、 名詞所有格：（用來表示名詞之間的所屬關(guān)系）一、名詞所有格的形式：1、s 或者 一般用于有生命的名詞后 ：Toms book my sisiters bags childrens day2、of 一般用于無生命的名詞后 ： the name of the book the map of china 3、雙重所有格： a fried of my fathers a book of your brothers Tips1：一些表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家名稱的無生命名詞也可以用s 構(gòu)成所有格如：a month s time todays news paper the citys park Tips2: 表示兩個(gè)人各自擁有的東西或者共同擁有的東西所加的名詞所有格不同，試比較：Toms and mikes room (每個(gè)人有自己的一間房間)Tom and mikes room （兩個(gè)人共同擁有一間房間）Tips3: 如果s 后的名詞是商店、住宅等地點(diǎn)時(shí)，后面的名詞常常省略。 At the doctors (在診所) To my uncles （到我叔叔家）名詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一。單向選擇題( ) 1. Have you got _? I want to write a letter. A. any paper B. papers C. any papers D. a paper( ) 2. Have you seen such big _? A. a tomato B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatos( ) 3. They got much _ from those books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories( ) 4. There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _. A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples( ) 5. What can I do for you? - Id like two _. A. bottle of orange B. bottle of oranges C. bottles of orange D. bottles of oranges ( ) 6. Several _ are talking under the tree. And their _ are swimming in the lake. A. woman, children B. woman, child C. women, children D. women, child( ) 7. Uncle Wang bought two _ yesterday. A. watchs B. watches C. watch D. watched( ) 8. Tom has made _ with Jim. A. a friend B. friends C. friend D. some friends( ) 9. What can I do for you? Id like two _. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple( ) 10. Let me give you _. A. an advice B. some advice C. advices D. the advice( ) 11. He has spent a great _ of money on his new house. A. deal B. many C. number D. piece( ) 12. I only realized age when I found I had _. A. much great hair B. a little great hair C. a few grey hairs D. some grey hair( ) 13. That farmer has many _ on his farm. A. geees B. goosen C. gooses D. geese( ) 14. When we saw his face, we knew _ was sad. A. some news B. the news C. a news D. news( ) 15. The dentist didnt tell me how many _ I should pay for pulling out the tooth. A. money B. dollars C. funds D. moneies ( ) 16. Before we moved in the new house we bought many _. A. furnitures B. furniture C. pieces of furniture D. equipments( ) 17. His friend lost _ nylon stockings yesterday morning. A. two B. a C. a couple of D. a pair of( ) 18. My family raise a lot of _, including two _. A. cattles, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattle, cows D. cow, cattles( ) 19. All the _ are made of _, not plastics. A. glass, glass B. glasses, glass C. glass, glasses D. glasses, glasses( ) 20. A group of _ are eating _ and_ at the foot of the hill. A. sheep, grass, leaves B. sheeps, grasses, leaves C. sheep, grass, leaf D. sheeps, grass, leaf ( ) 21. About 60 _ of the population in our country _ on farms. A. percent, lives B. percents, lives C. percent, live D. percents, live( ) 22. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, was( ) 23. My fathers _ is grey, but my mother has a few grey _. A. hair, hair B. hairs, hairs C. hairs, hair D. hair, hairs( ) 24. -How many _ does a cow have? - Four. A. stomaches B. stomach C. stomachs D. stomachies ( ) 25. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advice( ) 26. The _ of buildings are covered with lots of _. A. roofs, leaves B. rooves, leafs C. roof, leaf D. roofs, leafs( ) 27. As is known to us all, _ travels much faster than_. A. lights, sounds B. light, sound C. sound, light D. sounds, lights( ) 28. -What would you like, sir? - _. A. Two cups of coffees B. Two coffees C. Two cup of coffee D. Two cups coffee( ) 29. These _ want to be _ when they grow up. A. girl-students, woman doctors B. girl-student, woman doctors C. girls-students, women doctors D. girl-students, women doctors( ) 30. What _! Where did you get them? A. a big fish B. big fish C. a piece of fish D. a piece of big 二。填入所給單詞的正確形式。1. I have two . (knife)2. There are many here. (box)3. I received a lot of Christmas . (card)4. There are many on the road. (bus)5. Those are enjoying the sunrise. (travel)6. I have two . (friend)7. A few are drawing on the wall. (boy)8. He has several interesting . (book)9. The are playing football now. (child)10. Yangtze River in one of the longest in China. (river)三。寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。match _foot_ half _ fish _wish _fox_piano _ glass_ cattle _ story_ radio_ party_ life _photo_ leaf _ boy _ box _goose_ mouse_ sheep _ shop _ city_ hero _German_ zoo _ deer _man_ Negro_ 1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no_ were lost. A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young.-OK, how happy they both looked! A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathers C. my mothers and fathers D.my fathers and my mother3. The new student is in _ , Grade Two. A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class4. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers5. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks8. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs9. After the exam, well have_ holiday. A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks10. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors D. visitors11.- How many workers are there in your factory? - There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of12. -What do you thin