高考英語高中英語語法之非謂語動詞.doc

第四章 非謂語動詞第一節(jié) 基本知識與基本概念【什么是非謂語動詞？】 用最庸俗的方式說，動詞在使用中一般有六種形式：原形，單數(shù)第三人稱形式，過去式形式，不定式形式，-ing形式，-ed形式。其中，前三種形式可以單獨作謂語，而后三種則沒有這個能力。如：I do the housework every morning. My wife never does anything at home. But she did it when we first got married. 以上三個句子就是很正確的英語。但是，如果把其中的謂語換成 to do, doing, done就不成立了。這就是上面說的它們?nèi)齻€沒有能力獨立作謂語。其中，“獨立”二字非常重要，因為，如果有其他詞的幫助，就可以了。如：The Whites are planning to buy a third car. They have sold their house. 綜上所述，所謂的非謂語動詞指的就是動詞的不定式形式，-ing形式，-ed形式等三種形式。與非謂語動詞相關(guān)的考點也都將圍繞著這三種形式展開?！痉侵^語動詞形式的基本特征】 一、不定式形式，-ing形式，-ed形式均沒有“時”的標(biāo)記。但不定式形式和-ing形式有“體”和“態(tài)”的特征。既前面二者有一般進(jìn)行體、完成體和完成進(jìn)行體之分；有主動態(tài)和被動態(tài)之分。-ed形式比較特殊，它既沒有“時”的標(biāo)記，也沒有“體”和“態(tài)”的特征。 二、非謂語動詞也有及物不及物之分；如果是及物動詞又有單賓、雙賓和復(fù)合賓語及物動詞之分。因此，非謂語動詞后面同樣可以有補足成分。如： 跟補語： to feel thirsty getting cold 跟賓語： to do ones work drinking wine 跟狀語： to fly high eating carelessly 三、非謂語動詞也有否定形式，即把否定詞not直接置于其前。如： to do - not to do doing - not doing having done - not having done 四、非謂語動詞詞組中的不定式和-ing形式在句子中可以起名詞詞組的作用。如： To teach is to learn twice. Drinking will not help you out of the trouble. He was accused of polluting the lake. 以上諸例中的to teach, to learn, drinking, polluting這些結(jié)構(gòu)既有動詞的意義，有起到了名詞詞組的作用。這樣的功能在謂語動詞形式（do, does, did）來說，是絕對沒有的。這也是同學(xué)們經(jīng)常在寫作中犯的錯誤之一。-ed形式也沒有這個功能。 五、非謂語動詞形式可以起形容詞的作用。如： drinking water smiling faces a frozen pond boiled eggs 【什么是邏輯主語和邏輯賓語】 邏輯主語和邏輯賓語是老師講解非謂語動詞相關(guān)知識經(jīng)常提及的兩個概念。它們是針對語法主語和語法賓語提出來的。從語法上講，只有句子的謂語動詞才有資格有自己的語法上的主語和語法上的賓語，就是我們平時所說的主語和賓語。如果該動詞作的不是謂語動詞，那么，它的施動者和受動者就不能被稱為主語和賓語，只能被稱為邏輯主語和邏輯賓語?！娟P(guān)系-解決非謂語動詞題目的金鑰匙】 由于考查非謂語動詞的題目形式變化多樣，思路無常。所以，我們做起題來有不少困難。但是，有一個思路是非常可靠的，那就是從分析非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語或邏輯賓語之間的關(guān)系入手，這樣做可能不能解決所有的問題，但絕對是一個正確的開始。稱的上是打開非謂語動詞題目大門的一把金鑰匙?！靖呖荚诜侵^語動詞范疇內(nèi)的四個出題層面】 如果總結(jié)一下近幾年高考在非謂語動詞方面的考題，可以看出，題目均出自以下四個不同的層面： 層面一、謂語動詞和非謂語動詞之辨這個層面也是介入非謂語動詞知識領(lǐng)域的第一個層面，屬于最表層的出題點。這個考點考查的是考生的最基本的能力，既能否根據(jù)題干所給的信息判斷空白處是否是非謂語動詞形式的能力。如： _ some of the juice- perhaps youll like it. (2000年春) A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried 答案：B. 解析：這個題中，題干中的破折號起著至關(guān)重要的作用。它表示前后兩個分句之間是并列關(guān)系，即誰都不是誰的句子成分。所以如果選擇了A, C, D三個選項，就意味著把前面的分句處理成了一個狀語，不成立。只有B選項是動詞原形，這樣前面是個祈使句。 _ his reply, so I decided to write to him again. A. Not having received B. Having not received C. Because I didnt receive D. I didnt receive 答案：D. 解析：這個題目也是考查考生的注意力和對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基本概念的掌握。中間有個并列連詞so。這就意味著前面必須是個獨立的句子，而不是非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。層面二、to do, doing, done之辨這個出題層就已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了非謂語動詞知識領(lǐng)域的內(nèi)部。這三種非謂語動詞的基本形式在具體的使用中有著種種不同，要求考生根據(jù)自己的掌握一一應(yīng)對。本書將在本章第二節(jié)中進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述。典型例題如下：_ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English. A. Improving B. To improve C. Improve D. Having improved 答案：B。解析：根據(jù)題干的意思表達(dá)需要，前面的狀語最好處理成目的狀語。而to do, doing, done三者中能作目的狀語的只有不定式短語。所以只能選B。The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. (NMET1999) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. made 答案：B。解析：題干的意思是“新技術(shù)的目的是為了使生活更輕松而不是更困難?！边@個題干屬于沒有連詞的不定式的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，這時，不定式符號to不能被省略。因此，能使題干完整的選項只有B。層面三、各非謂語動詞形式內(nèi)部的“體”、“態(tài)”之辨這個層面與前兩個相比更加地深入到知識的內(nèi)部。利用更加細(xì)致的題干設(shè)計更加具體地考查考生對三種非謂語動詞形式內(nèi)部的一般進(jìn)行體、完成體和完成進(jìn)行體；主動態(tài)和被動態(tài)的掌握和運用能力。這個層面的考題都要求考生對題干中的幾個動作之間的先后順序，主語與動詞之間，邏輯主語和非謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系有比較清醒地認(rèn)識。如：The boy pretended _ when his father came in. A. to read B. to be reading C. to have read D. to have been read 答案：B. 解析：一般的學(xué)生都知道pretend后面只能跟不定式，不能跟-ing形式。因此，如果設(shè)計這個題目時還停留在第二層，那么，-ing形式和-ed形式的選項的干擾性就太小了。因此，必須進(jìn)入更細(xì)致的第三層來設(shè)計題目。即四個選項均為不定式，但“體”和“態(tài)”不同，要求考生根據(jù)對題干的解讀來作出正確的選擇。根據(jù)題干的意思表達(dá)的需要，處理成進(jìn)行體，表示“正在讀書”還是很合適的。所以，選B項。The boy is said _ abroad, but I dont know which country he studied in. A. to be studying B. to have been studying C. to have studied D. to study 答案：C。解析：somebody is said/reported/thought/believed + to do結(jié)構(gòu)也是眾所周知的。A選項表示的是正在發(fā)生；B選項表示的是一直在發(fā)生；C選項表示的是以前發(fā)生過；D表示一般的現(xiàn)在，即一種固有的習(xí)慣。根據(jù)題干后面動詞studied的提示，應(yīng)該選C。層面四、綜合層面以上三個層面可謂涇渭分明，層次清晰可辨?？上攵绻械姆侵^語動詞題目都這樣出的話，何難之有？可現(xiàn)實卻恰恰不是這樣簡單。出題人常常把這三個層次或其中的兩個層次混合在一起來考查我們的能力。這樣一來，才露出了非謂語動詞題目的猙獰的面孔。如：Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. (MET1990) A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 答案：A。解析：如果考生能看出后面的were是本句話的謂語部分，從而排除D，這是第一層的能力。如果根據(jù)時間關(guān)系看出B表示的是將來，C表示的是正在進(jìn)行二排除掉這兩個選項，這是第二層的能力；如果看出B還因為沒有被動而不對，這是第三層的能力。上面這個例子充分地展示了綜合層面的威力。不好的消息是，我們所能見到的非謂語動詞題目大都屬于這一層面，大都需要我們費力地去思考。欲作對這些題目，三個層面的能力缺一不可。謹(jǐn)慎對待之！第二節(jié) 考點分類解析與非謂語動詞相關(guān)的考點可謂層出不窮，本書擇其要領(lǐng)，在這里講幾個大的考點?！究键c一、不定式作賓語與動詞的-ing形式作賓語的問題】 英語中能以非謂語動詞形式作賓語的動詞有很多。但它們的脾性并不相同。簡單分類如下：（1）、經(jīng)常跟不定式作賓語的動詞： afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等。 （2）、不定式作介詞but, except(除了)的賓語。（cant choose but, cant help but.） The soldiers could do nothing but wait for the order. The soldier had no other choice but to wait for the order. The scientist cannot help but wonder, “ Are humans dying out like other animals?” 一般的介詞后面的賓語都是-ing形式或名詞。但這兩個除外。它們兩個后面用不定式作賓語。一般的考點都集中在它們后面的不定式帶to還是不帶的問題上。一般看的是前面有沒有do的任何形式或cant，有則不帶to，沒有則帶to。 （3）、以下動詞或動詞詞組后面只接動名詞作賓語： admit, appreciate, avoid, consider(考慮), delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss(錯過), practice, risk, resist, suggest 等動詞。 be used to（習(xí)慣于）, cant help(禁不住), cant stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, devote to, stick to, object to, thank you for, be busy, get down to, set about, have difficulty in, have a good time in 等詞組。如： The boys admitted having broken my car window while playing football. I really appreciate your replying so soon. Youd better avoid seeing your boss today. He is like a bull in a china shop. Can you imagine living alone on the moon? Jill couldnt resist making jokes about my baldness. The experienced worker suggested making a hole the other side. I just cant stand being bossed around by a woman. Are you really used to drinking wines three meals a day? We are looking forward to seeing you in New York. When the weather turns fine, I have get down to repairing my house. They set about treating the baby immediately they arrived. 注意: consider只有在作“考慮”解時才以-ing形式作賓語。如： Tom is considered to be the best driver in the team. (認(rèn)為) Tom is considering borrowing some money from the bank. （考慮） cant help只有作“禁不住”解時才以-ing形式作賓語。如： Sorry, Im busy preparing for the exam and cant help clean the room (不能幫忙) Sorry, I cant help laughing when I heard the news. (禁不住) be used to只有作“習(xí)慣于” 解時才以-ing形式作賓語。如： The knife is used to cut off the skin of the trees. (被用來做) The students are used to getting up early in the morning. (習(xí)慣于) （4）、下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別。 forget, remember, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, cant help 如： You forgot to turn off the lights last night. (表示 “沒有關(guān)燈”) I forgot borrowing your money last month. (表示 “借過錢，但是忘記了”) Dont scold him. He regretted writing in your book. (表示 “后悔做了某事”) I regret to inform you that Tom was fired yesterday. (表示 “遺憾”) If nobody answers the phone at home, try calling me at work. (表示 “嘗試”) However difficult it seems to be, you should try to do it. (表示 “努力”) I meant to tell you this yesterday, but you were not in your office. (表示 “原打算”) Signing your name here means selling yourself to this company. (表示 “意味著”) 注意: He regretted taking your book without your permission. He regretted having taken your book without your permission. 由于regret作 “后悔”解時,后面加doing或having done均表示 “后悔以前做過的事情，因此，二者沒有什么區(qū)別。有類似用法的還有admit。例如： He admitted setting fire to the woods = He admitted having set fire to the woods. 但是，在其它動詞后面，doing一般表示同時進(jìn)行，而having done一般表示以前做的事情。 （5）、allow, advise, forbid, permit +doing sth. / + sb. to do sth. 這是一個學(xué)生出錯率挺高的考點。因為，大家都知道如allow sb. to do sth. 這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，并且爛熟于心。所以在見到Allow等后面直接跟賓語的時候，大家的第一反應(yīng)就是選擇to do，這樣就中了出題人的陷阱。例如： My parents dont allow me to go their by plane for the sake of safety. They dont allow smoking in this area of the campus. Jills teacher advised him to take the job in the less famous company. Jills teacher advised taking the job in the less famous company. The manager forbids anyone to enter his office without permission. Smoking is forbidden in this office. （6）、need, require, want +doing = + to be done be worth +n. / + doing / be worthy + to be done = + of being done 這個考點主要涉及到主動形式表被動意義的問題。這一點其實挺容易理解和記憶。 Your desk needs cleaning. Your desk needs to be cleaned. The flowers requires watering every day. The flowers requires to be watered every day. He wants reminding of the meeting tomorrow. He is always forgetful. He wants to be reminded of the meeting tomorrow. He is always forgetful. The play is worth seeing a second time The play is worthy of being seen a second time. The play is worthy to be seen a second time. 以上幾組只是在主動或被動的形式上有所差別。意義相同?！究键c二、不定式作賓補 vs 分詞作賓補的區(qū)別問題】 需要指出的是，這里的“分詞”包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。 如果非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作的是賓語補足語，那么，根據(jù)本章的解題金鑰匙，我們首先需要分析的是該動詞與語法賓語之間的邏輯關(guān)系。因為這里的語法賓語就是該非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語或邏輯賓語。如果二者之間是主動關(guān)系，則選擇不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是被動關(guān)系，則選擇過去分詞。當(dāng)然，這只是普通的思路，在一些具體的語境中，可能會有一些例外。本書試圖通過以下幾個典型例子來加以闡述。 首先，習(xí)慣后面有賓補的動詞大致有兩大類：感官動詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice等和使役動詞have, make, let, get，order, request, require等。它們后面的賓補有三種形式，即：do, / doing, /和done. I often hear the girl sing in the next room. (表示“聽到姑娘唱歌的整個過程”) Listen, can you hear the girl singing in the next room? (表示“聽到姑娘正在唱歌”) I heard the girl scolded in the next room last night. (表示“姑娘被批評”) I watched him repair the womans bicycle. (表示“看著他修自行車”) I noticed him crossing the street just a few minutes ago. (表示“我注意到他時，他正在過馬路”) I saw him knocked down by a car. (表示“他被撞倒”)The teacher had his students clean his office every week. (表示“讓某人做某事”，強調(diào)使役性) The teacher had the naughty students standing outside the classroom. (表示“讓某人/某物出處于某種延續(xù)的狀態(tài)之中) The teacher never had his students talking in class. (表示“容許”，常用于否定句中) The teacher had his leg broken last week in an accident. （表示“遭遇”，并不是常見的“請別人幫忙”。） The teacher had the car driver punished by the police. （表示“被動”）【考點三、不定式作狀語和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別問題】不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都可以作狀語，表示時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果等。之所這個知識點經(jīng)常被考查，是因為這里的分支考點比較多。 首先，三者在作狀語時，當(dāng)然有其共同遵循的東西，即某些基本的原則。（1）、非謂語動詞形式作狀語的基本原則:a. 非謂語動詞形式作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與主句的語法主語保持一致；例如：Preparing dinner, I heard the doorbell ring. *Preparing dinner, the doorbell rang. *Preparing dinner, someone rang the doorbell. 上面帶星號的兩個句子就是不成立的。因為，主句的語法主語the doorbell, someone均不能作為preparing 的邏輯主語。第一個句子，就滿足了這個要求。b. 非謂語動詞形式作狀語必須和主句的主語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系；這一條原則正是我們做題時思考問題的“鑰匙孔”。沒有了這一條，許多非謂語動詞題目就沒有解題的依靠了。例如：Walking in the street, I witnessed an accident. (I 和walk有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。) Fined in the street, I felt very angry. (I 和fine(罰款)有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞作狀語。) 以上只是兩個比較簡單的例子。但是，他們卻能向我們傳達(dá)某種思路性的東西 。很多非謂語動詞題目都可以炮制這樣的思路。（2）、不定式作狀語時，和其邏輯主語之間既有可能是主動關(guān)系，也有可能是被動關(guān)系。我們可以用不定式的主、被動形式來進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。從意義上說，一般表示目的或結(jié)果。例如： He sat down to have a drink. 表目的 To improve his spoken English, he goes to an English Corner every Sunday. To leave a better impression on the employers, he borrowed a suit. Jack was so foolish as to believe in such a swindler(騙子). 表結(jié)果 He woke up only to find everybody else gone without him. He hurried to the airport only to be told that his flight had taken off. 另外，某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂的形容詞作表語時，后面經(jīng)常跟不定式表示原因。 All the experts were very surprised to see me at the conference. The king got excited to hear what the two men said. I am too happy to be here with you. （3）、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的句法功能： 它們兩個絕對不可能表示目的。一般表示的是時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。例如：Window-shopping along the street, Mary met an old friend. (伴隨動作) Having finished his work, Jill went to a bar for a beer. (時間) Given more water, the tree will survive.(條件) The boy dropped the ancient vase onto the ground, breaking it. (結(jié)果)Left behind by the bus, Tony had to walk the fifty miles to the city. (原因)Badly damaged in the accident, the car is worth almost nothing. (原因)Designed for high temperatures, the machine doesnt work in the north in winter. (原因) 這里有兩個需要說明的問題。 1、現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式和完成式作狀語時的區(qū)別問題： 總體說來，現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作狀語，表示的動作和主句的謂語動詞是同時發(fā)生的或者謂語動詞發(fā)生在狀語動詞發(fā)生的過程中。例如： Drinking his wine, Mr. Li heard his name called. Trying to make a fire, Larry saw something moving in the firewood. Wandering in the street, Shane saw some policemen walking toward him. 相比之下，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語時，多表示狀語的動作先于主句謂語動詞發(fā)生，并刻意強調(diào)這種先后順序。例如： Having settled down, I sent my wife a massage. Not having received his reply, she decided to write him another letter. Having been separated from the other parts of the world, Australia has many unique animals and plants. 考試中，在主被動關(guān)系明確的前提下，我們需要認(rèn)真考慮狀語和主句謂語之間有沒有或是否需要強調(diào)這種先后順序。沒有或不需強調(diào)，選一般式，有或需要強調(diào)，選完成式。 例如： _ his telephone number, we had to call his father first. A. Not knowing B. Not having known C. Knowing not D. Having not known 答案：A。 解析：這個題目涉及兩個考點：一般式和完成式之辨、not的位置之辨。根據(jù)本章第一節(jié)所講解的內(nèi)容，not應(yīng)該前置。因此，C、D兩個選項就可以排除了。A、B之間的區(qū)別在于：A不強調(diào)know和 had to call之間有什么先后，而強調(diào)有之。根據(jù)具體的語境，“不知道他的電話號碼”不是一個可以在“給他父親打電話”之前就能結(jié)束的動作。它更多地是一種心理狀態(tài)。所以，沒有辦法強調(diào)二者之間有什么先后順序。故選。 2、現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語與不定式作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別問題：從本考點（）所講舉的例子，我們不難看出，不定式作結(jié)果狀語時，表示的多是“意想不到的”或“令人無法接受的”結(jié)果。且在時間上沒有必然的同步性。而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語就不同了，它表示的多是“自然的；必然的；正常的”結(jié)果。且從時間上看，多是同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生。例如：His father passed away, leaving him lots of debts. The fish can eat a person in a few minutes, leaving only the bones. They quarreled a lot , making the matter worse. A new kind of virus attacked my computer, destroying all my files. 例如：European football is played in more than eighty countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. to make B. making C. having made D. made 答案：。解析：由于前面說的這種現(xiàn)象和make之間肯定是主動關(guān)系，因此，選項首先被排除。其次被排除的是，因為，狀語先于謂語發(fā)生在這里是不可想象的。、都可以表示結(jié)果，但多表示“意想不到的”或“令人無法接受的”結(jié)果，不符合這里的題意。所以答案是。表示“正常的”結(jié)果。（）、 本考點在（）中列舉了非謂語動詞形式作狀語的兩個基本原則，不能滿足這兩個原則的句子就是錯誤的。正是這兩個原則維持著整個考點的運轉(zhuǎn)。但是，具體使用中，我們還會遇到一些特殊情況。這里舉兩種。1、“獨立主格”現(xiàn)象所謂“獨立主格”現(xiàn)象，指的是某些作狀語的非謂語動詞形式的邏輯主語明顯不是主句的主語，它們有自己獨立的邏輯主語的現(xiàn)象。例如：Her mother being ill, Mary had to stay in to look after her. Class (being) over, the children rushed out for lunch. Time permitting, well drop in on our old teacher. Heart broken, the boy burnt all the girls photos. With everything settled, I went to bed early that night. 以上各個例句中的being, permitting, broken, settled的邏輯主語都不是后面主句的主語Mary, the children, we, the boy, I，而是自己獨立的邏輯主語：Her mother, Class, Time, Heart, everything。作這種題目時，我們需要分析的不再是其和主句主語之間的關(guān)系，而是，它和自己的邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系。 2、“懸垂”現(xiàn)象所謂“懸垂”現(xiàn)象，是指某些作狀語的非謂語動詞形式的邏輯主語明顯不是主句的主語，且沒有帶自己的獨立的邏輯主語的現(xiàn)象。例如：Generally speaking, Tom is fit for his job. Judging from what you said, Tom is fit for his job. Considering everything, Tom is fit for his job. To tell you the truth, you are wrong.以上例句中的speaking, judging, considering, tell的邏輯主語明顯不是后面主句的主語Tom和you。而是被隱含了的“我”或“我們”。這種現(xiàn)象數(shù)量教少，且形式相對固定，屬于比較偏的考點。近幾年的高考題鮮有涉及。【考點四、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的被動式作定語的區(qū)別問題】不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的被動式均可以作定語修飾名詞性成分，且都和被修飾語有被動關(guān)系。但三者的意思不同。不定式表示是將來，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的是正在進(jìn)行，而過去分詞表示的則是已經(jīng)完成。例如：Have you read the novel written by Jack London? (既完成，也被動) The novel being talked about in the conference was written by Jack London. (正在被討論) The novel to be published was written by Jack London. (將要被出版)因此，在具體作題時，我們需要根據(jù)題目所提供的已知因素推斷這種時間關(guān)系，才能最后做出正確的選擇。例如：The bridge _ costs more than 100 million dollars and it will be completed next month. A. being built B. built C. to be built D. having been built 答案：。解析：題干中告訴我們大橋?qū)⒂谙聜€月竣工，據(jù)此，我們可以得出結(jié)論，大橋肯定正在建設(shè)中。所以，選。另外，值得說明的是，本題中的選項，即現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式形式，無論有無被動，都不作定語使用?！究键c五、不定式的主動式和被動式作定語的區(qū)別問題】不定式作定語時，如果被修飾詞和該不定式之間有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，一般用主動形式。例如： I cant make it because I have mountains of work to do. They only had a small cold house to live in. (這個吊尾介詞不能被省略) They are lucky enough to have such a person to depend on. 但是，如果表示的是另外一種概念，根據(jù)需要，我們必須得用不定式的被動式。例如：Do you have anything to do? 你有沒有事情做？(you 和to do有主謂關(guān)系)Do you have anything to be done? 你有沒有事情要我?guī)湍阕觯?you 和to do沒有主謂關(guān)系) 同理：Do you have any to buy? (你自己買)Do you have anything to be bought? (要我?guī)湍阗I)Do you have anything to type? (你自己打字)Do you have anything to be typed? (要我?guī)湍愦蜃?【考點六、動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時的代詞轉(zhuǎn)化問題】動名詞在句子中發(fā)揮名詞的作用，作主語、賓語等成分。例如：His coming back late made all of us angry. My mothers being ill sent all of us into great anxiet