大一課后文本.doc

Unit11. What is friendship?What is friendship? Different people may have different opinions. But generally speaking, friendship means the feeling or relationship between friends. It involves affection and intimacy, and is based on warmth, trust and shared experience.2. The importance of friends.Friends are very important in our life. A friend will undoubtedly help us if we are in trouble, and a friend will patiently listen to us when we talk about our problems. Thats why people often say that share your joy with your friends, and your joy will double; pour your sorrow to your friends, and your sorrow will be reduced by half. 3. How to make friends and promote friendship?Dont try to win a friend with gifts only. The only way to have a friend is to be one. We should make friends with those who are kind-hearted, compassionate, caring, honest and thoughtful, because they are sincere and reliable. (to be continued)Sharing your joy and sorrow with your friends can nurture friendship and keep friendship alive; keeping your friends informed about yourself can improve friendship, and make friendship permanent; remembering important days in your friends lives can promote friendship and keep friendship fresh in our minds.Unit21.What do cultural differences mean?不同國家的人語言不同，價值觀念不同， 看問題的角度也不同。這些不同之處通常被稱作為文化差異。文化差異很細微，常常不被人們所察覺或會被忽視?？吹絼e人言談舉止與我們不同會讓我們不安。起初，我們也許會認為他們出了什么問題。 People from different cultural back-grounds may have different beliefs, religions, customs and habits. These differences are generally called cultural differences. Cultural differences are subtle and are often unrecognized or overlooked. It is upsetting to find people who behave differently from us. We may, at first, assume that something is wrong with them.2. How do cultural backgrounds influence peoples way of thinking?文化背景會影響人們的思維方式。首先，文化背景會影響人們對行為舉止好與壞的判斷。其次，它會影響人們對禮貌與粗魯的認定。另外，它還會影響人們對準時與遲到的看法。例如，不同文化對贊揚的反應是不同的；有些文化認為當別人第一次給你東西時不要接受是比較禮貌的；在東方文化中目光的交流可以表示真誠和專注，而在西方文化中過多的目光交流會使人尷尬。Cultural backgrounds may influence peoples way of thinking. First, cultural background influences what people consider to be good manners or bad manners. Second, it influences what they consider to be polite or rude. Third, it influences what they consider to be on time or late. For example, different cultures may have different ways of responding to compliments; some cultures consider it polite not to take something the first time it is offered; eye contact may convey sincerity and attentiveness in some Oriental cultures but too much eye contact may embarrass people in some Western cultures. 3. What problems may be caused by our failure to recognize cultural differences? 不了解文化差異會引發(fā)許多問題。一方面不了解文化差異的人在與不同文化背景的生意伙伴交流時會有障礙。 另一方面不能識別文化差異會使相互之間難以理解?？傊涣私馕幕町悤е虏煌瑖一蚍N族的人之間在日常生活中產生許多誤解和煩惱。Failure to recognize cultural differences may cause many problems. On the one hand, those who are uninformed about cultural differences may have difficulty communicating with their business associates from other cultures. On the other hand, inability to recognize cultural differences can make mutual understanding difficult. In a word, failure to recognize cultural differences lies at the root of many everyday misunderstandings and irritations among people of different countries or races.4. How can we deal with cultural differences?應對文化差異有許多方法。一方面尊重其它文化有助于我們避免冒犯他人。另一方面了解其它文化可以幫助我們避免誤解他人。除此之外，讓外國朋友了解你對時間的概念、守時的態(tài)度也不失為上策。只要我們注意這幾個方面，就能解決由文化差異而產生的問題。There are many ways to deal with cultural differences. On the one hand, having respect for other cultures can help us avoid offending others. On the other hand, learning about other cultures can help us avoid misunderstandings. In addition, it is a good policy to let a foreign friend know our expectations with regard to time and punctuality. So long as we pay attention to these aspects, we can solve the problems caused by cultural differences. 5. What does “culture shock” mean?文化沖突是指在接觸到與自身文化不同的文明時所產生的迷惑不解和不知所措。當你遇到另一種文化背景中截然不同的生活方式時，就會經歷到文化沖擊。在異國他鄉(xiāng)當一些風俗使你措手不及時不要驚慌。你必須明白生活在不同文化背景之下的人用不同的方法處理日常生活中的許多小事。無論你打算在一個新地方逗留一周還是一年，事先多了解一些這個地方的情況將會受益匪淺?！癈ulture shock” means confusion and disorientation caused by contact with a civilization other than ones own. You will undergo culture shock when you encounter entirely different ways of life in another culture. Dont panic when some customs in a foreign country catch you off guard. You must understand that people living in varied cultures handle many small daily things differently. Whether you plan to stay for a week or for a year in a new place, youll benefit a lot from learning about the place before you go.6.How can we cope with culture shock?There are several things we can do to prevent or reduce the negative effects of culture shock. Before we enter a strange culture, we can learn about it and prepare ourselves for the new experience. When we are in the new culture, we should maintain an open attitude toward people and things, and try to adjust to the new environment. When we run into problems, we should not panic but keep calm, and try to get assistance from the natives. Finally, if we are going to have a long stay in the culture, we should make an effort to gradually blend in the new surroundings and make ourselves comfortable there.Unit 61. What is the general attitude toward wealth in our society?3. Do you think money can bring happiness? Why or why not?Unit 7 Anti-smoking1 Why do some young people pick up smoking? For one thing, they may have picked up smoking out of curiosity / because of peer pressure / because they thought it was cool; for another, the nicotine in tobacco can stimulate / energize the smokers for a brief period of time.一來他們是出于好奇或是來自同輩吸煙人的壓力亦或是他們認為那樣很酷,二來煙草中的尼古丁可以在短時間內刺激/興奮他們這些吸煙者.2 How harmful is smoking to smokers?Smoking is harmful / damaging to ones health. Smoking is known as a fatal cause of lung cancer. You run a greater risk if you are a chain smoker/ if you smoke to excess / if you smoke 20 cigarettes a day. Smoking is also found to be related to / connected with / associated with / linked to other types of cancer. Studies show that cigarette smokers are much more likely to die from a heart attack than nonsmokers. So, Smoking is not only a waste of money but is also a danger to ones health. 吸煙有害健康.吸煙是肺癌的致命性誘因.如果你過量吸煙,你就很危險了.而且,吸煙也與其他類型癌癥有關.研究表明吸煙者比不吸煙者更易死于心臟病突發(fā).所以,吸煙不僅浪費金錢而且還對生命造成危險.Q3: Is smoking also harmful to nonsmokers? In what way?Smoking is dangerous not only to the smokers themselves but also to the non-smokers around them.Passive smoking / Inhaling (吸入) secondhand smoke can also cause lung cancer.Unit 8 Aging1 What does aging mean? How old are people considered elderly?Aging is the natural process of growing old . People over 65 years old are generally considered elderly / senior citizens. Aging is a decline in all areas of a persons mental and physical abilities.2 What should be the right attitude toward aging?Aging comes to everyone after they reach a certain age.No one gets any younger with each passing day. A