英語聽力入門第二冊第七單元

unit 7 For the glory of sport aims place name and date of some years difficulties proper names and special terms part 1 A Vocabulary Hemisphere a top or bottom half of a globe A half of a sphere 半球半球 eg If you cut a round fruit into two each half is a hemisphere 如果你把一個圓的水果切成兩半 每一如果你把一個圓的水果切成兩半 每一 半就是一個半球 半就是一個半球 eg The Northern Hemisphere is the part of the world north of the equator and the Southern Hemisphere is south of the equator 北半球是地球赤道以北的部分 南北半球是地球赤道以北的部分 南 半球是赤道以南的部分 半球是赤道以南的部分 Melbourne melb n 墨爾本墨爾本 A city of southeast Australia southwest of Canberra Settled in 1835 it was the seat of the Australian federal government from 1901 to 1927 The Summer Olympics were held here in 1956 Metropolitan area population 2 722 817 澳大利亞東南部城市 位于堪培拉西澳大利亞東南部城市 位于堪培拉西 南處 建于南處 建于 1835 年 從年 從 1901 年至年至 1927 年一直為澳大利亞聯(lián)邦政府所在年一直為澳大利亞聯(lián)邦政府所在 地 地 1956 年之夏季奧運會在此地舉辦 年之夏季奧運會在此地舉辦 城市人口城市人口 2 722 817 A city of east central Florida on Indian River south of Cocoa Beach It is a winter resort with varied light industries Population 59 646 Munich mju nik 慕尼黑慕尼黑 A city of southeast Germany near the Bavarian Alps southeast of Augsburg Founded in 1158 it has long been the center of Bavaria Adolf Hitler organized the Nazi Party here after World War I and signed the Munich Pact widely regarded as a symbol of appeasement with Great Britain France and Italy in 1938 The city was largely rebuilt after extensive Allied bombing in World War II Munich was the site of the 1972 Summer Olympics Population 1 267 451 慕尼黑慕尼黑德國東南部城市 位于奧格德國東南部城市 位于奧格 斯堡東南 靠近巴伐利亞州境內(nèi)的阿斯堡東南 靠近巴伐利亞州境內(nèi)的阿 爾卑斯山脈 爾卑斯山脈 1158 年建成 長期為巴年建成 長期為巴 伐利亞州的中心 一戰(zhàn)后阿爾道伐利亞州的中心 一戰(zhàn)后阿爾道 夫夫 希特勒在這里成立納粹黨并且簽希特勒在這里成立納粹黨并且簽 署了被公認為是署了被公認為是 1938 德國與英國 德國與英國 法國 意大利的綏靖政策的標志的法國 意大利的綏靖政策的標志的 慕尼黑協(xié)定慕尼黑協(xié)定 在二戰(zhàn)中盟軍的全 在二戰(zhàn)中盟軍的全 面轟炸后該城市大規(guī)模重建 慕尼黑面轟炸后該城市大規(guī)模重建 慕尼黑 是是 1972 年夏季奧運會舉辦地 人口年夏季奧運會舉辦地 人口 1 267 451 Chamonix 德國夏蒙尼德國夏蒙尼 1 Paris 2 Chamonix 3 1932 4 Berlin 5 Melbourne 6 Tokyo 7 1972 1 d 2 a 3 g 4 k 5 f 6 e 7 c B Key words IOC The Olympic Charter Olympic Museum and Studies Center The International Olympic Academy Vocabulary Charter 憲章憲章 Ideal 理想理想 Oceania 大洋洲大洋洲 Lausanne l u z n 洛桑洛桑 瑞士西部城瑞士西部城 市市 在日內(nèi)瓦湖北岸在日內(nèi)瓦湖北岸 sculptures 雕刻雕刻 雕塑品 雕刻品雕塑品 雕刻品 IOC stands for International Olympic Committee which governs the Olympic in general It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894 Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne Its official languages are English and French IOC members come from five different continents Africa America Asia Europe and Oceania They choose Olympic cities six years in advance All the Olympic movement s rules are contained in a book called The Olympic Charter There s an Olympic Museum and Studies Center in Lausanne It contains posters documents medals books photos paintings films and sculptures The International Olympic Academy is a special center at Olympia in Greece People involved in sport go there every summer to study the Olympic movement s history ideals and future C Key words Winter Games five circles the symbol of Olympic games the Olympic flame amateur m t 業(yè)余愛好者業(yè)余愛好者 A person who engages in an art a science a study or an athletic activity as a pastime rather than as a profession 業(yè)余愛好者 把藝術(shù) 科業(yè)余愛好者 把藝術(shù) 科 學 研究或體育運動作為消遣而不是學 研究或體育運動作為消遣而不是 作為職業(yè)的人作為職業(yè)的人 the Opening Ceremony motto 格言格言 A brief statement used to express a principle a goal or an ideal 格言 用于表達一種原則 一個目標格言 用于表達一種原則 一個目標 或一種理想的簡短的陳述或一種理想的簡短的陳述 Vocabulary era i r 時代時代 紀元紀元 時期時期 A period of time as reckoned from a specific date serving as the basis of its chronological system 年代 從某一具體日期算起的一段時年代 從某一具體日期算起的一段時 間 也用作其年代系統(tǒng)的根據(jù)間 也用作其年代系統(tǒng)的根據(jù) eg the era of space travel 太空旅行時代太空旅行時代 eg The Christian era starts with the birth of Christ 基督教時代從耶穌誕生起算 基督教時代從耶穌誕生起算 eg Our era produces a host of heroes and heroines 我們的時代英雄輩出 我們的時代英雄輩出 eg We are now in a great new era of information 我們現(xiàn)在正處于一個新的偉大的信息我們現(xiàn)在正處于一個新的偉大的信息 時代 時代 host 主人主人 旅館招待旅館招待 vt 當主人招待當主人招待 abide by keep to 堅持堅持 遵守遵守 monarch m n k 君主君主 One who reigns over a state or territory usually for life and by hereditary right especially 君主 統(tǒng)君主 統(tǒng) 治一個國家或地區(qū)的人 通常指世襲治一個國家或地區(qū)的人 通常指世襲 和終身統(tǒng)治 尤指和終身統(tǒng)治 尤指 A sole and absolute ruler 唯一和絕對的統(tǒng)治者唯一和絕對的統(tǒng)治者 motto 座右銘座右銘 格言格言 A brief statement used to express a principle a goal or an ideal 格言 格言 用于表達一種原則 一個目標或一種用于表達一種原則 一個目標或一種 理想的簡短的陳述理想的簡短的陳述 Summer Games citius altius fortius Q1 First held Olympic Greece Because they were first held at a place called Olympia in ancient Greece until 393 AD There have been two Olympic eras ancient and modern The modern era began in 1896 Q2 Approx 2 weeks Approximately two weeks Q3 1924 since then same years Summer after 1992 between Yes They began in 1924 Since then they had always been held in the same years as the Summer Games After 1992 they took place between Summer Games Q4 What do the five circles on the Olympic flag represent Five continents blue black red yellow green white national flag They stand for the five continents Each circle is a different color blue black red yellow and green all against a white background Every national flag in the world contains one or more of these six colors Q5 When did the tradition of the Olympic flame begin Flame ancient games modern Games 1928 symbol perfection victory Olympia There was always a flame at the ancient Games but it wasn t included in modern Games until 1928 in Amsterdam The flame is a symbol of a search for perfection and victory It s lit at Olympia from the rays of the sun Then it s carried to the Games by a series of runners or sometimes by air for part of the journey It burns in the stadium from start to finish at every Olympics Q6 All Olympic athletes have to be amateurs don t they Yes no money only medals Yes Nobody wins any money only medals That s because the most important thing at the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part Q7 What happens at the Opening Ceremony Display host country flame lit flag raised Olympic oaths opened by monarch or political leader There s a huge display of song dance and music by people from the host country The flame is lit The Olympic flag is raised and one athlete says these words In the name of all competitors I promise that we will take part in the Olympic Games respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them in the spirit of sportsmanship for the glory of sport and the honor of our teams The Games are officially opened by the host country s monarch or political leader Q8 What s the motto of the Olympic movement Faster higher stronger Citius altius fortius which is Latin for Faster higher and stronger Part 2 Sydney 2000 Key words The Summer Olympic Games The Paralympics 殘奧會殘奧會 The Clark family Marla Runyan 瑪勒瑪勒 Mary 的異體的異體 f Vocabulary Trampoline tr mp li n 蹦床蹦床 A strong taut sheet usually of canvas attached with springs to a metal frame and used for gymnastic springing and tumbling 蹦床 一張蹦床 一張 通常由帆布制的結(jié)實堅韌的床布 和通常由帆布制的結(jié)實堅韌的床布 和 彈簧一起連接在金屬框架上 用于體彈簧一起連接在金屬框架上 用于體 操跳躍及翻滾操跳躍及翻滾 Vault 體體 撐竿跳撐竿跳 eg He vaulted the fence 他撐竿跳過他撐竿跳過 籬笆墻 籬笆墻 Triathlon 鐵人三項鐵人三項 a competition in which the people competing must swim ride a bicycle and run particular distances without stopping between events 鐵人三項鐵人三項 Pentathlon 現(xiàn)代五項 現(xiàn)代五項 a sports events in which those taking part have to compete against each other in five different sports running swimming riding shooting and fencing 現(xiàn)代五項現(xiàn)代五項 Olympian Greek Mythology Of or relating to the greater gods and goddesses of the ancient Greek pantheon whose abode was Mount Olympus 希臘神話希臘神話 奧林匹亞山神的 古奧林匹亞山神的 古 希臘萬神殿中居住在奧林帕斯山的希臘萬神殿中居住在奧林帕斯山的 諸神和女神的或與之相關(guān)的諸神和女神的或與之相關(guān)的 disable To deprive of capability or effectiveness especially to impair the physical abilities of 使無能力使喪失使無能力使喪失 能力或使無效 尤指損害身體能力能力或使無效 尤指損害身體能力 的的 disability Hazel Clark Jearl Miller Clark Joetta Clark Diggers J J Clark Track and field team Track and field event Florence Griffith Joyner 弗洛倫斯弗洛倫斯 女子名 格里菲思 女子名 格里菲思 Griffin 的異體的異體 m 喬伊娜喬伊娜 Jackie Joyner Kersee incurable A Listen to the first part of a report on the Olympic Games in Sydney Focus on some number or dates and relevant information Numbers DatesRelevant information 5 million 15 000 3 000 million 10 000 200 about 300 October 1st 16 days October 18th 29th 4 000 Tapescript The world s most famous sports event is the Olympic Games Five million people are expected to attend the Summer Olympic Games this year in Sydney Australia They include leaders and officials from many countries About 15 000 reporters are there More than 3 000 million people are expected to watch the Games on the television More than 10 000 athletes from 200 countries will compete in 28 different sports in the Summer Games They will be trying to win medals gold for first silver for second and bronze for third in about 300 events New additions to the Summer Olympics this year include synchronized diving women s weight lifting trampoline women s pole vault and the triathlon The 2000 Summer Olympic Games will end October 1st after 16 days of competition The next Summer Games will be held 4 years from now in Athens Greece Another international sports event will take place in Sydney following the Summer Olympics The Paralympic Games will be held from October 18th to 29th All the athletes who compete in the Paralympics have a physical disability About 4 000 disabled athletes will compete this year The Summer Olympic and the Winter Olympic Games used to be held in the same year every 4 year Now however they are separated The next Winter Games are less than 2 years away The western American city of Salt Lake City Utah is busy preparing for the Winter Olympics of 2002 B Listen to the second part of the material Then some statements will be read to you 1 T The Clark family is the first American family of which three members will compete in one Olympic race 2 F Hazel Clark is the faster in the Clark family of runners She has already won medals in earlier Olympic events 3 T Marla Runyan will be the first legally blind athlete in the Summer Olympic Games 4 F Marla Runyan will take part in the women s long jump and 1 500 meter foot race at the Sydney Olympic Games 5 T Many disable people are greatly encouraged by Marla Runyan s story Three member of the same American family will compete in Sydney Hazel Clark Jearl Miller Clark and Joetta Clark Diggs are all members of the track and field team Hazel and Joetta are sisters Jearl is married to their brother J J Clark He is the coach for all three women It is unusual for members of the same family to compete in the Olympics But it has been done Jackie Joyner Kersee and her brother s wife Florence Griffith Joyner both competed in past Olympics But they did not compete in the same event The Clarks do They all compete in the 800 meter women s foot race Hazel Clark is the youngest in the Clark family of runners She was the fastest in the Olympic trials Her brother s wife Jearl Millier Clark was second Jearl has already won medals in two earlier Olympic Games Joetta Clark Diggs finished third She is the oldest at thirty seven That was the first time three family members finished first second and third in the same United States Olympic trials race And this will be the first time three Americans competing in one Olympic race are from one family Many people will be watching the 800 meter race to see if the three members of the Clark family can win all three medals One American athlete who will compete in the Summer Olympics is already a Paralympics champion Her name is Marla Runyan She won the 100 200 and 400 meter races and the long jump at the 1992 Paralympics She also won the pentathlon competition in 1996 this year she will become the first legally blind athlete in the Summer Olympic Games Marla Runyan suffers from an incurable eye problem She has been legally blind since she was nine years old She has been taking part in track events since she was in high school Marla Runyan will compete in the women s 15 000 meter foot race at the Sydney Games She says her goal was not to be the first legally blind Olympian She just wanted to take part in the Olympics But her story has helped other disable people find the strength to try to reach their goals And Marla Runyan says that makes her feel very good Part 3 News from the Olympics A Key words athletes performance improving drugs risks health violates rules Vocabulary hormone h m un 荷爾蒙荷爾蒙 激素激素 A substance usually a peptide or steroid produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to effect physiological activity such as growth or metabolism 荷爾蒙 一荷爾蒙 一 種物質(zhì) 通常為肽或類固醇 由一種物質(zhì) 通常為肽或類固醇 由一 組織產(chǎn)生 經(jīng)由血液循環(huán)到達另一組織產(chǎn)生 經(jīng)由血液循環(huán)到達另一 組織來影響生理活動 例如生長或組織來影響生理活動 例如生長或 新陳代謝新陳代謝 Any of various similar substances found in plants and insects that regulate development 激素 一種存在于植物或昆蟲中的激素 一種存在于植物或昆蟲中的 具有調(diào)節(jié)生長之功能的物質(zhì)具有調(diào)節(jié)生長之功能的物質(zhì) urine ju rin 尿尿 The waste product secreted by the kidneys that in mammals is a yellow to amber colored slightly acid fluid discharged from the body through the urethra 尿 小便 哺乳動物由腎臟排尿 小便 哺乳動物由腎臟排 泄出的排泄物 顏色為黃色到琥珀泄出的排泄物 顏色為黃色到琥珀 色之間 為略含酸性的液體 通過色之間 為略含酸性的液體 通過 尿道排出體外尿道排出體外 Punishment for those using drugs before an event banned from the competition after winning an event losing the medal Measurements taken by IOC to intensify the campaign Testing more Olympic athletes more othen than ever Difficulty in finding the drugs drugs leaving the body in just a few hours increased urine production hiding the presence of banned drugs Examples of some banned drugs Banned drug substance Function Anabolic steroids Increasing muscle strength EPO Erythropoietin Increasing the production of red blood cells Human growth hormone and others Building muscle size and strength Increasing the production of red blood cells red blood cells muscle size and strength red blood cells Possible dangers caused by banned drugs thickening the blood causing an enlarged heart damaging the reproductive system causing death Tapescript Over the next two weeks 10 000 athletes from 200 countries will compete in the Summer Games in Sydney Australia They will try to live by the Olympic saying Faster higher stronger But in the world of sports experts say too many athletes use performance improving drugs to reach these goals The International Olympic Committee says drug use risks the health of athletes and violates the rules of sport If an athlete fails a drug test before an event he or she is banned from the competition Athletes who fail a test after winning an event lose their medals This year the IOC says it is testing more Olympic athletes more often than ever The International Olympic committee bans six kinds of substances and three methods of increasing performance One group of banned drugs is anabolic steroids These substances increase muscle strength Experts say that some fast acting steroids now leave the body in just few hours That makes them extremely difficult to find Another banned drug is known as EPO Erythropoietin increases the production of red blood cells Officials at the Sydney Olympic are testing for EPO for the first time this year But experts say the officials may not find any if an athlete stopped taking the drug about a week before the Games began Another banned substance is human growth hormone which builds muscle size and strength Others increase the production of red blood cells They also increase urine production which can hide the presence of banned drugs Many of these banned substances are dangerous They can thicken the blood cause an enlarged heart or damage the reproductive system They can even kill B Key words environmentally friendly goals energy materials water waste products Vocabulary cornstarch 玉米淀粉玉米淀粉 Starch prepared from corn grains used industrially and as a thickener in cooking 玉米淀粉 用玉米粒制成的淀粉 用玉米淀粉 用玉米粒制成的淀粉 用 于工業(yè)上和烹調(diào)時的增稠劑于工業(yè)上和烹調(diào)時的增稠劑 break down 分解分解 Environmental g