金融專業(yè)英語(yǔ)閱讀(答案)

1 Lesson One Translate the following passage into Chinese 1 緊縮性貨幣政策和擴(kuò)張性貨幣政策都涉及到改變一個(gè)國(guó)家的貨幣供應(yīng)量水平 擴(kuò)張性貨幣政策增加貨幣供應(yīng)量 而緊縮性貨幣政策會(huì)減少貨幣供應(yīng)量 2 當(dāng)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備體系在公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)有價(jià)證券 會(huì)引起證券價(jià)格上漲 債券價(jià)格 和利率成反比關(guān)系 聯(lián)邦貼現(xiàn)率就是一種利率 因此降低聯(lián)邦利率實(shí)際上就是 降低利率 如果聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)決定降低法定儲(chǔ)備要求 那么銀行能夠進(jìn)行投資 的資金會(huì)增加 這會(huì)引起投資比如債券價(jià)格的上漲 因此利率會(huì)降低 無(wú)論聯(lián) 邦儲(chǔ)備體系用何種方法來(lái)增加貨幣供應(yīng)量 利率都會(huì)降低 債券價(jià)格會(huì)上漲 Translate the following sentences into English 1 China would maintain a stable currency and prudent monetary policy and expected to stay within its growth and inflation targets this year 2 China would also maintain a prudent monetary policy to support economic development while preventing inflationary pressure and financial risks 3 China s economy continued to grow steadily and rapidly in the first quarter with investment in fixed assets slowing and domestic consumption accelerating 4 because of China s large increase in its trade surplus and foreign exchange reserves in the first quarter the effectiveness of its monetary policy used to help control inflation was facing serious challenges 5 The central bank would seek to further streamline its foreign exchange system to facilitate the orderly outflow of funds At the same time it would tighten the management of foreign exchange inflows and settlement Three Translation Translate the following passage into Chinese 1 外匯交易當(dāng)然是指兩種不用貨幣之間的交易了 每一組貨幣的交易或 買(mǎi)賣(mài) 都包 含兩個(gè)部分 一個(gè)是即期市場(chǎng) 在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)中支付 交付 需在交易時(shí)立即進(jìn)行 在實(shí)際操作中一般是在第二個(gè)交易日進(jìn)行 另一個(gè)就是遠(yuǎn)期市場(chǎng) 遠(yuǎn)期市場(chǎng)的 匯率是在交易的時(shí)候就先確定了 但實(shí)際的交易 或交付則是在未來(lái)的某個(gè)特定時(shí) 間進(jìn)行的 2 外匯交易期權(quán)是指一種貨幣和另一種貨幣在未來(lái)進(jìn)行交付的一個(gè)合同 在此合同中 2 期權(quán)的所有者有權(quán)力以雙方商定的價(jià)格買(mǎi)進(jìn) 或賣(mài)出 貨幣 也可放棄該權(quán)力 買(mǎi) 進(jìn)的權(quán)力叫看漲期權(quán) 賣(mài)出的叫看跌期權(quán) 為了獲取此種權(quán)力就需要支付期權(quán)費(fèi) 期權(quán)的出售者收到期權(quán)費(fèi)后 如果買(mǎi)方行使期權(quán)的話 那么賣(mài)方就有義務(wù)以先前預(yù) 定的價(jià)格交貨或收貨 Translate the following sentences into English 1 As the internationalization of business grows so too does your company s exposure to exchange rate fluctuations The tools and techniques available to help you mange this exposure are developing rapidly but these instruments carry their own particular challenges and risks and the price for inappropriate hedging strategies can be high 2 While the amount of the transaction the payments procedure and the exchange rate are all determined in advance no exchange of money takes place until the actual settlement date This commitment to exchange currencies at a previously agreed exchange rate is usually referred to as a forward contract 3 Futures are also standardized in terms of delivery date The normal currency futures delivery dates are March June September and December while forwards are private agreements that can specify any delivery date that the parties choose 4 Another difference is that forwards are traded by phone and telex and are completely independent of location or time Futures on the other hand are traded in organized exchanges such the LIFFE in London SIMEX in Singapore and the IMM in Chicago 5 Thus forwards and futures serve similar purposes and tend to have identical rates but differ in their applicability Most big companies use forwards futures tend to be used whenever credit risk may be a problem Six Translate the following passage into Chinese 1 把交易記錄在日記賬上標(biāo)志著復(fù)式記賬制度的開(kāi)始 在這個(gè)制度中 一個(gè)組織的財(cái) 務(wù)狀況受到多個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)方面的影響 每一個(gè)方面都稱作一個(gè)賬戶 例如 應(yīng)付工資 賬戶 每一筆交易都可看作由兩個(gè)方面或更多方面組成 我們稱之為交易的借方 或左邊 和貸方 或右邊 并且 其中每一方面都對(duì)組織的財(cái)務(wù)狀況產(chǎn)生各自的影 響 2 將 所有的財(cái)務(wù) 數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)入分類(lèi)賬后 把所有賬戶的借方或貸方余額列出來(lái) 計(jì)算 一下所有的借方余額合計(jì)數(shù)是否與所有的貸方余額合計(jì)數(shù)相等 因?yàn)槊恳还P交易都被 同時(shí)記錄為借方和貸方 這種方法稱為試算平衡 這一處理程序及其后的那些處理程 序都將在財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告期的后期進(jìn)行 一旦成功地做好試算平衡 會(huì)計(jì)循環(huán)的簿記部分就 3 完成了 Translate the following sentences into English 1 Information relating to the financial position of an enterprise is presented on a balance sheet while disclosures about operating results are displayed on an income statement Information relating to an organization s liquidity namely how it obtains and spends cash is shown on a statement of cash flows 2 Modern accounting entails a seven step accounting cycle The first three steps fall under the bookkeeping function that is the systematic compiling and recording of financial transactions 3 In the next step in the accounting cycle the amounts that appear in the various journals are transferred to the organization s general ledger a procedure called posting 4 Subsidiary accounts may also be kept for the wages paid to each employee for each building or machine owned by the company and for amounts owed to each of the enterprise s creditors 5 The final step is to close non cumulative accounts This procedure involves a series of bookkeeping debits and credits to transfer sums from income statement accounts into owners equity accounts Nine Translate the following passage into Chinese 1 首先 理賠代表要確認(rèn)在發(fā)生損失時(shí)索賠者實(shí)際上已從公司購(gòu)買(mǎi)保險(xiǎn)單并且支付的 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)能夠包含該時(shí)間段 例如 如果保險(xiǎn)客戶未進(jìn)行支付 導(dǎo)致保險(xiǎn)單過(guò)期 則保 險(xiǎn)公司不會(huì)對(duì)保險(xiǎn)單過(guò)期后的索賠進(jìn)行支付 2 理賠代表還會(huì)確認(rèn)保險(xiǎn)單中達(dá)成的條款適用于特定索賠 包括導(dǎo)致?lián)p失的特別事件 例如對(duì)人們的房屋進(jìn)行保險(xiǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保險(xiǎn)單一般涵蓋如閃電 風(fēng)暴等自然事件造成的損 失 然而 它們不包括洪水或地震造成的損失 最后 謹(jǐn)慎的理賠程序可確保索賠者 的保險(xiǎn)團(tuán)體其他成員盡可能少的支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)又可以充分支付正當(dāng)索賠 Translate the following sentences into English 1 Some of the most important of these criteria include 1 the financial stability of the insurance company 2 the price of policies and 3 details of coverage and service 2 Only a financially sound company can fulfill its promise to pay in all circumstances 3 Policy prices vary significantly among companies but competition usually forces most companies prices into a narrow range 4 People seeking to buy insurance often use the services of an insurance agent or broker to assist in their purchase 4 5 Thus a detailed examination of coverage in policies provided by different well regarded companies can help consumers make the best choice based on the risks they face their needs and their finances Twelve Translate the following passage into Chinese 1 信貸員評(píng)估這份報(bào)告 并與分析師共同討論報(bào)告是否有錯(cuò)誤 遺漏和夸大 如果信 用 貸款 無(wú)法滿足銀行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 信貸員就通知借款人最初的 借款 請(qǐng)求已被 拒絕 信貸員可以建議借款人采用一些步驟 以改善借款人的狀況和還款前景 并在 境況改善之后再次提出借款請(qǐng)求 如果信用在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)范圍之內(nèi)可以接受 信貸員則提出 明確的初步貸款條件 包括貸款額度 到期日 利率 抵押擔(dān)保要求 還款計(jì)劃等 2 很多小銀行沒(méi)有專門(mén)的信貸部門(mén)和專職的分析師來(lái)準(zhǔn)備有關(guān)的信用歷史紀(jì)錄 信貸 員獨(dú)自完成上面列出來(lái)的步驟 然后再?zèng)Q定是接受還是拒絕一項(xiàng)貸款請(qǐng)求 通常 貸 款請(qǐng)求在未經(jīng)了解借款人的詳細(xì)狀況的情況下就被接受了 財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表可能是手寫(xiě)的或 是未經(jīng)審計(jì) 或不符合公認(rèn)會(huì)計(jì)原則 然而 借款人也許擁有良好的信譽(yù)和充實(shí)的資 產(chǎn)凈值 在這種情況下 信貸員要與借款人一起準(zhǔn)備正式的貸款請(qǐng)求并獲得盡可能充 分的財(cái)務(wù)信息 這可能意味著 信貸員 要親自審計(jì)借款人的收入 支出 應(yīng)收款項(xiàng) 和存貨等項(xiàng)目 Translate the following sentences into English 1 The credit file contains background information on the borrower including call report summaries past and present financial statements pertinent credit reports and supporting schedules such as an aging of receivables a breakdown of current inventory and equipment and a summary of insurance coverage 2 If the customer is a previous borrower the file should also contain copies of the past loan agreement cash flow projections collateral agreements and security documents any narrative comments provided by prior loan officers and copies of all correspondence with the customer Capacity involves both