八年級(jí)unit5topic1,2知識(shí)點(diǎn).doc

Unit 5 Topic 1知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、 語(yǔ)法1.連系動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞又稱系動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表明主語(yǔ)身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等。連系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但它不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須接表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，才能使句子意思完整。表語(yǔ)通常是名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句等。如：She is our monitor. (名詞作表語(yǔ)) He looks unhappy.2.常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞：（1）be動(dòng)詞：is am are was were（2）感官動(dòng)詞：look看起來(lái) taste嘗起來(lái) smell聞起來(lái) sound聽(tīng)起來(lái) feel摸起來(lái)（3）表示狀態(tài)的詞 Become變成 seem似乎是 get turn grow變得 keep保持 stay保持維持 go變得 fall變成eg: You look so excited. Did your mother sound worried? The food smells terrible. It gets wormer in spring. He seems angry. The weather becomes cloudy. The cake tastes good. My father kept silent.二、 知識(shí)點(diǎn)Section A1.invite sb to do sth 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 invite sb to somewhere Eg: He invites us to go to his restaurant.= He invites us to his restaurant. Invitation 邀請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)束 Here is an invitation to Uncle Wang.2. one of the+最高級(jí)+名復(fù) He is one of the best runners. One of them is from England. （one of 做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)謂單） Some of 中的一些 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式用of后的名詞決定 Some of the students are from China. Some of the food goes bad.3. spend+時(shí)間+地點(diǎn) 在某地度過(guò)某段時(shí)間 Spend the evening at my house. Spend (in) doing sth 在做某事上花費(fèi) Spend on sth4. say thanks to sb 向某人表示感謝 say goodbye to sb 向某人道別 Say sorry to sb 向某人道歉 say hello to sb向某人打招呼5. lucky(adj.)-luck(名詞)-luckily（副詞） Eg: He was very lucky last year. Good luck to you.6. What a shame! = What a pity! 真遺憾!7. The poor 窮人 The rich 富人 the young 年輕人 the old老人8. be cruel to sb 對(duì)殘酷 eg: He is cruel to the workers.9. be popular with 受歡迎 be unpopular with不受歡迎Section B1. Whats the matter with sb.= Whats wrong with sb.= Whats the trouble with sb. 怎么了2. seem的用法： （1）seem+adj. You seem happy today.（2）seem+n. He seems a nice man. 他似乎是個(gè)好人。（3）seem to do sth 似乎要做某件事 They seem to know how to do it.（4）seem+that賓語(yǔ)從句 It seemd that they know everything. =They seem to know everything.3. hope與wish用法：hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope+that從句wish to do sth wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事4.（1）有些詞一般修飾物，句末加ing. 這些詞通常有：exciting interesting boring surprising worrying tiring relaxing (放在句子中主語(yǔ)是物，通常用ing類詞) （2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，通常用v+ing 形式 Excited interested bored surprised moved tired relaxed等 Eg: He is excited. I am interested in the exciting news. My father is surprised at the news. Im moved by moving film.5. be pleased with 對(duì)感到滿意 please sb 使?jié)M意 be pleased to do sth=be glad to do sth6. be proud of 以而自豪 proud的名詞是pride“自豪、得意”Take pride in sth/doing sth 為做感到自豪eg: She takes pride in doing a job well.她為能很好的完成一項(xiàng)工作而感到自豪。7.be worried about為而擔(dān)心=worry about sb/sth Eg: My parents are worried about me.=My parents worry about me.8.can 與 be able to 的區(qū)別：（表“能力”時(shí)同義詞，?？梢曰Q）（1）can只能用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)中。Eg: He can speak English. He couldnt speak it last year.（2）be able to 不僅可以用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過(guò)去時(shí)，還可以用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)中，表能力時(shí)，一般要用shall、be able to：will be able to has/have been able to Eg: She will be able to take part in the long jump.9. ring sb up = call sb up = call sb =phone sb = give a phone to sb Ring him up/ ring her up/ring them up10.be surprised at sb/sth 對(duì)感到驚訝 Be surprised to do sth 很驚訝做某事 In surprise 吃驚 She looked up in surprise. 她吃驚地抬起頭。 To ones surprise 令驚訝的是 To our surprise, he succeeded. Surprise sb 使吃驚11. have a temperature = have a fever 發(fā)燒12. feel-felt sound-sounded smell-smelt taste-tastedSection C and section D1. one of the most popular American movies One of the+最高級(jí)+名復(fù) （one of 做主語(yǔ)謂單） One of the best runners is Liuxiang.2. care for=take care of=look after 照顧3. dia-death（名）-dying(分詞)-dead（形） Eg: The death of the dog makes me unhappy. The cat is dying.4. die-died cry-cried shout-shouted become-becometeach-taught please-pleased5.lonely與alone區(qū)別 Lonely“孤獨(dú)的”指因?yàn)槿鄙倥笥?、同情、友誼時(shí)產(chǎn)生的一種悲傷和憂郁的感情。在句中可以作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。 The man is lonely. “l(fā)onely”還有“荒涼、偏僻”的意思。 alone只是陳述一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，僅作表語(yǔ)。 Jane was alone in that dark room. 也可做形容詞作表語(yǔ)，也可以作副詞。The old man lived alone.6.because of 后跟名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。 Because后跟原因狀語(yǔ)從句 eg : He was late for school because it rained heavily. =He was late for school because of the heavy rain.7.cheer up 使振奮，使高興 cheer me/him up Cheer s.b on 為喝彩，加油8.at first 起初，開(kāi)始 反義詞in the end、at last、finally9.sothat從句“如此以致于”that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 其結(jié)構(gòu)為：so+adj./adv.+that從句 Sothat 往往可以與tooto和enoughto進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 eg : She is so young that she cant go to school. =She is too young to go to school.=She isnt old enough to go to school.10.be full of 裝滿、充滿 The house is full of people. be filled with 被充滿 The house was filled with people. Fill sth with sth 用充滿11.make peace with s.b 與某人和解 end with 以結(jié)束 begin with/start with以開(kāi)始12.cast、spend、take、pay用法 （1）cost其主語(yǔ)必須是無(wú)“花費(fèi)、值多少錢”（2）spend（花費(fèi)、花時(shí)間、金錢等）其主語(yǔ)是人 spendin doing sth spend on sth（3）take 多指花費(fèi)時(shí)間，常用句型：It take s.b+時(shí)間+to do sth（4）pay “付款”其主語(yǔ)是人，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：payfor 或pay for eg: The family paid 30yuan for the house.UNIT 5 Topic 2一. 語(yǔ)法(一)原因狀語(yǔ)從句：表示主句所發(fā)生的原因或理由，常由because、as、since或for引導(dǎo)。1. bacause語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，用于回答why的提問(wèn)，從句放于句首，也可放于句尾。eg: He didnt come to school because he was ill. （主過(guò)去、從過(guò)去） Because they were late for school,the teacher was angry.2. since 因?yàn)?、既然，?cè)重主句，常位于句首，語(yǔ)氣比because 弱，表示的原因是雙方共知的，所引導(dǎo)的從句通常在主句之前。eg: Since everyone is here, lets begin our discussion.3.as由于，比since輕一點(diǎn)語(yǔ)氣，只說(shuō)明一般的因果關(guān)系，引導(dǎo)的從句一般放句首：As he know nothing about the mather, he kept quiet.4.for 表示的原因不是直接原因，而是多種情況的推測(cè)，是種補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。 He wore more clothes, for it was clod.（二）形容詞的同級(jí)比較（和副詞的同級(jí)比較）1.肯定句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)：A+be+as+形容詞原形+as+B：表示A、B兩者比較程度相同“A和B一樣” eg: This film is as interesting as that one. Maria does her homework as carefully as Helen.2. 否定句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)：A+be+as/so+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B即“A不如B那么”表示A、B兩者程度不同eg: Spring is not as/so cold as winter.春天不如冬天那么冷。 He doesnt swim as/so fast as Frank.3. 拓展：表示倍數(shù)，如“一半、兩倍、三倍、四倍”等于“half、twice、three、fourtimes +as+as”結(jié)構(gòu)eg: My house is three times as large as hers.我房子是她的三倍。4.“as+形容詞（原級(jí)）+as possible”表示“盡可能” eg: We should be as fast as possible. 我們盡可能快點(diǎn)兒。 We should speak English as often as possible. 我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。二、知識(shí)點(diǎn)Section A1. Anything wrong/something bad形容詞修飾不定代詞放后面Something wrong/ something important（與漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序調(diào)一下）2. do badly in sth 在某方面做得差 do well in sth 在某方面做得好do better in sth 在某方面做的較好3. have no friends to talk with. (動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ))eg: You need a room to live in.你需要一個(gè)房間居住。 He had a lot of homework to do.4. be strict with s.b 對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格 be strict about/in sth 對(duì)某物要求嚴(yán)格 eg: The teacher is strict with his students. He is strict about/in his work.5. try to do sth 盡力做某事 try ones best to do sth 盡某人最大努力做某事eg: He tried/did his best to learn English well. Have a try 試一試6. 記住幾個(gè)詞組1.have a talk with s.b與某人交談2.be strict with s.b對(duì)要求嚴(yán)格3.be worried about s.b對(duì)很擔(dān)心4.thanks for telling me5.have no friends to talk with沒(méi)有可交流的朋友6.feel sad/upset 感到不安7.feel much better感到好多了8.work harder更努力學(xué)習(xí)9.take it easy.=dont worry.別擔(dān)心10.be lost丟失，迷路11.send sth to s.b把某物送給某人12.want to be your friend想成為你的朋友13.try to talk with others14.Good luck(to you)! 祝你好運(yùn)！Section B1.fail-failed(過(guò)去式) failure(名)-success(成功) Fail to do sth 干某事不成功 I failed to pass my driving text.2.how to talk with others 如何同別人交流 “How to talk”是“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)，除了how，其他疑問(wèn)詞還有who、what、which、when、where等，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。eg: I want to know what to do next.我想知道接下來(lái)做什么。 I dont know where to go. 我不知道去什么地方。3.at ones age 在某人這個(gè)年齡時(shí) Your father began to work at your age. at the age of在歲時(shí) At the age of seven, he could swim.4.experience作“經(jīng)歷、經(jīng)驗(yàn)”講時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。an exciting experience 作“經(jīng)驗(yàn)、閱歷”講時(shí)，是“不可數(shù)名詞”。Over ten years teaching experience5.Would/Could you please+動(dòng)原形？“請(qǐng)你好嗎？” Could/would/will you please not to do sth?請(qǐng)你不要做某事好嗎？ eg: Would/could/will you please not to smoke here?請(qǐng)你別在這兒吸煙好嗎？6.suggestion可數(shù)名詞“建議、提議”，advice不可數(shù)名詞。 give a suggestion give some advice 提建議7.Its normal to do sth 做是正常的，類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有： Its dangerous/hard/important/easy/interestingto do sth Its all right to do sth. 做某事是合適的。8.happen to s.b/sth （某事）發(fā)生在身上 What happened to your car? Happen to do sth 碰巧做了某事 She happened to go out when I call her.9.記住幾個(gè)重要詞組1.get these feelings有這些情緒2.in ones age在某人的年齡3.tell me jokes=tell jokes to me給我講笑話4.make s.b do sth=let s.b do sth讓某人做某事5.give ones suggestion給出某人的建議6.something bad7.listen to soft music聽(tīng)輕音樂(lè)8.take part in activities 參加活動(dòng)9.call s.b at +電話給某人打電話10.feel much betterSection C and SectionD1.move to +地點(diǎn) “搬到某地” move(動(dòng))-moved/moving(形)2.how time flies!光陰似箭！3.be excited to do sth很高興做某事=be pleased to do sth =be glad to do sth= be happy to do sth4.(1)get/be used to sth 習(xí)慣于做某事 I get/be used to the life here.(2)get/be used to doing sth 習(xí)慣于做某事 eg: Im used to getting up early.我習(xí)慣于早起。(3)used to do sth “過(guò)去常常做”used to