名詞性從句講解、歷屆高考名詞性從句習(xí)題及詳解.doc

名詞性從句名詞性從句，即指性質(zhì)相當(dāng)于名詞的從句，它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句記一句話 缺什么填什么 什么都不缺填that1.this is the factory ( where ) he worked for 20 years。2. this is the factory ( which or that ) is far away from his house。 3.hewillnerveforgetthedays(which or that)themspenttogether.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞： whether, if（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分），that,（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分，無詞義）連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which連接副詞：when, where, how, why名詞性從句的三個(gè)基本要素要素一：引導(dǎo)詞 也就是引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。這些引導(dǎo)詞可分為三類,一是that類，二是if / whether類，三是疑問詞類。既然是引導(dǎo)詞，所以這些詞就總是位于名詞性從句的最前面。要素二：語序 名詞性從句都必須與陳述句語序相同，即“主語謂語”。 尤其是當(dāng)名詞性從句由“疑問詞”引導(dǎo)時(shí)，不能受疑問句的影響而誤用疑問句詞序。事實(shí)上，任何一種從句，其語序都必須與陳述句的語序相同。誤：I didnt know where did he live.正：I didnt know where he lived. 我不知道他住哪兒。誤：Who will he marry remains unknown.正：Who he will marry remains unknown. 他同誰結(jié)婚還不知道要素三：時(shí)態(tài) 1. 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去式時(shí)，賓語從句若不是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)或真理，其謂語動(dòng)詞也必須用某種過去時(shí)態(tài)。如：She said that she didnt want to know. 她說她不想知道。I asked her whether she would agree. 我問她是否會(huì)同意(from )。2. when, if 這兩個(gè)詞既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。當(dāng)它們引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且表示將來意義時(shí)，要直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài)；但當(dāng)它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句且表示將來意義時(shí)，則必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義。如：I dont know when he will come, but when he comes, Ill call you. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候，但當(dāng)他來的時(shí)候，我會(huì)打電話給你。句中第一個(gè)when 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，故用將來時(shí)態(tài)表示將來意義；第二個(gè)when 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義。1. 備考主語從句應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)一是從句作主語，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)；二是主語從句通常用it作形式主語，尤其是在It is +名詞 / 形容詞 / 過去分詞+that中，或在It seems / happens that中，或疑問句中；三要注意由what, whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不用形式主語。2. 備考賓語從句應(yīng)注意以下四點(diǎn)一是介詞后(except等除外)一般不跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，但可接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；二是在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后若還有補(bǔ)語時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語，而將that從句置于補(bǔ)語之后；三是當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等時(shí)，若賓語從句要表示否定意義，往往要通過否主句來實(shí)現(xiàn)，即所謂否定轉(zhuǎn)移；四是雖然引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that有時(shí)可以省略，但若賓語從句前有插入語或有間接賓語時(shí)，that不能省略；that在與之并列的另一個(gè)賓語從句之后或者在“形式賓語it+賓補(bǔ)”之后時(shí)也不能省略；that從句單獨(dú)回答問題時(shí)，that也不能省略。3. 備考表語從句應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)一是除that, whether和疑問詞外，as, as if, as though, because也可引導(dǎo)表語從句；二要注意“thats why+結(jié)果”以及“thats because+原因”的區(qū)別；三是注意the reason (why / for) is that句式。3. 備考同位語從句應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)一是同位語從句多在news, order, word (=news / order), idea, hope, suggestion, information, plan, thought, doubt, fear, belief等抽象名詞后，說明其具體內(nèi)容；二是同位語從句與所說明的名詞有時(shí)會(huì)被謂語所分開，做題時(shí)需注意；三是引導(dǎo)同位語從句的有that, whether和連接副詞when, where, why, how等，但絕大多數(shù)由that引導(dǎo)，注意同位語從句不能用which引導(dǎo)。主語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分在主語從句中須注意。1. 主語從句一般用it作形式主語，放在句首，而將主語從句放到句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1） It + be + 名詞 + that從句 （2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句 （3）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + that從句 （4）It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句 另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that (1)It is possible that he has stolen the car. 很可能他偷了小車。(2)Isnt it strange that he should not have passed the test? 他測試沒有通過，難道不奇怪嗎？2. if引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，只能用it作形式主語，放在句首，而將if引導(dǎo)的主語從句放到句末。如：It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他是否去北京還不敢肯定。3. that引導(dǎo)主語從句放在句首時(shí)，that不可省，但在句末口語中可省。如：That he was ill yesterday is known now. 大家都已知道他昨天生了病。4. 連接代詞引導(dǎo)主語從句只能放在句首。如；(1)Who has broken the glass is unknown. 誰打破了玻璃現(xiàn)在還不知道。(2)What he wants is all here. 他所要的東西都在這里。5. 主語從句中主句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，但what引導(dǎo)主語從句的主句謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須根據(jù)句子的意思來判斷。如(from )：(1)How he worked it out is still a secret. 他是如何把它做出來的還是一個(gè)秘密(2)What they makes in this factory are TV sets. 他們在工廠里所做的東西就是電視機(jī)。賓語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要名詞從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。如：He asked what you were doing last night. 他問你昨天夜晚在干什么。I didnt know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原來不知道他在那事故中受了傷。在賓語從句中須注意：1. that 在口語中常被省略，但在正式的文體中，不能??；并且它一般不能引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句，但可引導(dǎo)except, but, in 等少數(shù)介詞的賓語從句。如：I didnt know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。I will do anything I can to help you except that Im ill. 只要我身體舒服，我愿做任何事情來幫助你。2. 動(dòng)詞advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅(jiān)決主張), order, propose, request, suggest(建議)等代的賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，即：(should) do的形式。He asked that we (should) get there before nine oclock. 他要求我們在九點(diǎn)鐘之前趕到那兒。The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老師勸告我們不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。4. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句的時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng)。即：1)當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)表示。如：He always says that he is our good friend. 他總是說他是我們的好朋友。When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 當(dāng)老師知道我們所干的事情時(shí)，他會(huì)說我們做了一件好事。2)當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí)（could, would除外），從句的謂語動(dòng)詞須用響應(yīng)的過去時(shí)。如：He didnt tell us he came from Shanghai. 他沒有告訴我們他來自上海。He said he had read the book. 他說他讀過這本書。3)但當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實(shí)，而不受時(shí)間的限制時(shí)，即使主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時(shí)候，人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。表語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句。如：My idea is that he can teach children English in this school. 我的想法是他能夠在這所學(xué)校教孩子們英語。表語從句中應(yīng)注意：1. 連接詞that一般不能省略，但當(dāng)主句中含動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，that可以省略。如：What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身邊去感謝他。2. 當(dāng)句子的主語是：advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名詞時(shí)，表語從句須用虛擬語氣，即：should +do。如：My advice is that you should go to apologize to him. 我的建議是你應(yīng)該去向他道歉。同位語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，這個(gè)從句就是同位語從句。如：He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon. 他告訴了我們他從單車上摔下來這一真相。同位語中應(yīng)注意：1. 高中所學(xué)能帶同位語從句的名詞不多，常見的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如：Hw sent us a message that he wont come next week. 他送信來告訴我們說，下周他不來了。There is no doubt that he is fit for this job. 毫無疑問，它適合這一工作。2. 表示“命令、建議、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名詞的同位語，須用虛擬語氣。如：He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to college. 他已清楚的表明了他要努力學(xué)習(xí)考上大學(xué)這一愿望。Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules. 不久命令下來了，所有的人不得違犯制度。3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別： (1)被修飾的詞不同。同位語從句的前面一般是數(shù)量有限的、表示抽象意義的名詞；而定語從句的先行詞是無數(shù)的指人或物名詞。(2)從句的作用不同。同位語從句表示同位名詞的具體內(nèi)容；而定語從句是對先行詞名詞的限制、描繪或說明。(3)引導(dǎo)詞的作用不同。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連詞，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，但不能省略；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that為關(guān)系代詞，在從句中擔(dān)任句子的某種成分，當(dāng)擔(dān)任定語從句中的賓語時(shí)，that可以省略。I had no idea that you were here（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略） Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）(4)引導(dǎo)詞不同。定語從句不能用what, how, whether引導(dǎo)；而同位從句可以用what, how, whether引導(dǎo)。(5)判定定語從句和同位語從句的方法。同位語從句可充當(dāng)同位名詞的表語；而定語從句不能充當(dāng)先行詞的表語。注意2 連接詞的選用問題Athat，whether，if，as if(限用于表語從句)都不作句子的任何成分。因此，它們所引導(dǎo)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。that 一般用于確定的語氣中，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，口語中的that可省略，而其他情況中的that一般不可省；而whether，if一般用于不確定的語句中。如：(1)That he learnt English before is certain. 他學(xué)過英語是肯定的。(2)I dont know whether / if he will come. 我不知道他是否會(huì)來。(3)He looks as if he knows the answer. 看起來他好像知道答案。Bwhether和if1)whether可用于任何名詞性從句中，而一般只能用于賓語從句中。如果if引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，只能放在句中，而不能置于句首。如：(1)Whether he will come or not doesnt matter. It doesnt matter whether he will come or not. 他來還是不來都沒關(guān)系。(2)Do you know if / whether his words are true. 你知道他的話是否真實(shí)嗎？2)whether可與or not連用，而if則不可以。如(1)Im not sure whether / if he can overcome the difficulties. 我沒有把握他能否克服這些困難。(2)The radio didnt say whether it would rain or not tomorrow. 收音機(jī)并沒有報(bào)道明天是否下雨。3)若用if會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義時(shí)，則用whether。(1)Let me know whether he will come. 告訴我他是否會(huì)來。(2)Let me know if he will come. 可理解為：告訴我他是否會(huì)來。也可理解為：如果他愿意來，就告訴我一聲。4)whether可與不定式連用，而if不可以。Have you decided whether to go there tomorrow? 明天是否去那兒，你決定了嗎？(句子中的whether不能用if替換)5)whether引導(dǎo)的從句可作某些介詞及動(dòng)詞discuss的賓語，而if則不可以。如：(1)They are talking about whether they will take part in the strike. 他們在談?wù)撍麄兪欠褚獏⒓舆@次罷工。(2)They are discussing whether they can employ the new way. 他們在討論他們是否可以采用這種新的方法。(以上兩個(gè)句子中的whether 不能用if替換)6)賓語從句若為否定句，連接詞則用if 而不用whether。如：Do you know if he hasnt been to Washington? 你知道他是否沒有去過華盛頓嗎？此句子中的If不能用whether替換。C連接代詞、連接副詞都作句子的成分，因此，選用時(shí)須確定從句是否缺少成分，然后再確定選用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞。如：(1)I dont know _ he lives. (2)I dont know _ he lives there. (3)I dont know _ he lives there by fishing. (4)I dont know _ he likes. 根據(jù)從句里面的成分，句子(1)可填地點(diǎn)、方式等連接詞where / how；句子(2)可填that, whether / if，原因連接副詞why 或方式連接副詞how；句子(3)可填that, whether / if，原因連接副詞why；句子(4)缺少賓語，可填what。否定轉(zhuǎn)移1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。 I dont think I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。 I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。 注意：若謂語動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。 2) 將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。 It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看來他們不知道往哪去。 It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。 3) 有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷χ^語動(dòng)詞的否定。 I dont remember having ever seen such a man. 我記得從未見過這樣一個(gè)人。 (not否定動(dòng)名詞短語 having) Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在這里，人們不會(huì)想到在街上會(huì)碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主語，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞不能用否定形式。) 4) 有時(shí)狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動(dòng)詞前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定狀語)螞蟻不只是為自己采食。 He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because狀語) 他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何，就輕信此事。 She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定狀語many weeks)她結(jié)婚還不到幾個(gè)星期，這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見她了，并對她的美貌著了迷。1.See the flags on top of the building? That was_ we did this morning. A.when B.which C.where D.what解析：what引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中做did的賓語。when引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。which引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語，意為“哪一個(gè)”，表示在有限的范圍內(nèi)中的某一個(gè)。where引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，在從句中作狀語，表示“在地方”。2.Please remind me_ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.(全國卷)A. where B. when C. how D. What解析：when引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。根據(jù)所提供的情景I may be in time to see him off.可判斷出說話人請求對方提醒的是走的時(shí)間。在這個(gè)句子中，he said是插入語，remind me when he was going表示“提醒我他什么時(shí)候走”。where引導(dǎo)賓語從句表示“在地方”。how引導(dǎo)賓語從句表示“如何”。what在賓語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。3.-What did your parents think about your decision? They always let me doI think I should. (全國卷)A. when B. that C. how D. what解析：what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。should后省略了do，所以what應(yīng)該是做賓語。when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，在從句中作狀語，表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，只起連接作用，不作任何成分。how引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，表示“如何”。4. Could you do me a favor? It depends on _it is. (北京卷)A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever解析：what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作is的表語。which引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語，意為“哪一個(gè)”，表示在有限的范圍內(nèi)中的某一個(gè)。whichever引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語，意為“任何哪一個(gè)”，表示在有限的范圍內(nèi)中的某一個(gè)。whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)的意思是“是否”。5.There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (天津卷)A. that B. which C. until D.If解析：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，具體說明chance的內(nèi)容。that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分。which引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到until從句的謂語所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。6.One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A. how B. why C. that D. when解析：that引導(dǎo)的是表語從句。空格后的句子是一個(gè)成分完整的句子。That只起連接作用，在表語從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分7.He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _ his teammates had done. (上海卷)A. what B. which C. why D. while解析：what引導(dǎo)的從句是mentioning的賓語從句，what在從句中充當(dāng)賓語。8.We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. if B. where C. whether D. That解析：whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作介詞of的賓語，表示“是否”，表示“我們還沒有解決對他來說是否出國學(xué)習(xí)的問題”。if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，不用于介詞后。where引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，在從句中作狀語，意為“在地方”。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。9. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.Whoever解析：what引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作主語。表示這個(gè)商店經(jīng)常提供個(gè)性化服務(wù)使得它與眾不同。who引導(dǎo)主語從句表示“誰”。whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句表示“無論什么”，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)任何一件事都可使這個(gè)商店與眾不同與上文矛盾。whoever引導(dǎo)主語表示“無論誰”，表示無論誰都可以使這個(gè)商店與眾不同。10._ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A. As B. That C. This D. It解析：本句是that從句作主語，it作先行詞，that從句在句末。that只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。11.With his work completed,the businessman stepped back to his seat,feeling pleased_he was a man of action. (湖南卷)A.which B.that C.what D.whether解析：feeling pleased后接賓語從句。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中或非正式文體中常被省略。which引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，在從句作主語、賓語、表語或定語，意為“哪一個(gè)”，表示在有限的范圍內(nèi)的某一個(gè)。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，在從句作主語、賓語、表語。whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句的意思是“是否”。12._ _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C Whatever D. whichever解析：周六無論哪個(gè)隊(duì)獲勝都將進(jìn)入國家隊(duì)錦標(biāo)賽。no matter how (what, when, where, who)意思是“不管怎樣/什么/何時(shí)/哪里/誰”；whichever，“無論哪一個(gè)，任何一個(gè)”；whenever“無論何時(shí)，隨時(shí)，只要”。13.I just wonder _ that makes him so excited. (山東卷)A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is解析：這個(gè)題要分兩部分來分析，前一部分是賓語從句，用what引導(dǎo)，后一部分是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，對what進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。14.Engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals. (山東卷)A. as B. that C. what D. which解析：what引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中在表語。to machines和to animals作狀語，意為“對機(jī)器來說”、“對動(dòng)物來說”。as用于引導(dǎo)定語從句，意為“正如”。that引導(dǎo)表語從句只起連接作用，不作任何成分。which引導(dǎo)表語，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語，意為“哪一個(gè)”。15.A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday(安徽卷)Aif Bwhen Cthat Dwhich解析：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，具體說明thought的內(nèi)容。that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分。if不用于同位語從句，表示“是否”要用whether。when引導(dǎo)同位語從句表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，for my mothers birthday已表明了時(shí)間，所以這是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。which引導(dǎo)同位語從句表示“哪一個(gè)”，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。16. Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story, believe it or not,_ we got lost on a rainy night. (四川卷)A.which B.that C.what D.when解析：我們可以把此題的結(jié)構(gòu)作一調(diào)整來看，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)此題很簡單：But believe it or not, I still remember the story _ we got lost on a rainy night.很明顯，此題應(yīng)該是一個(gè)同位語從句。因?yàn)閣e got lost on a rainy night就是story的具體內(nèi)容。而且空白處所填的詞在后面的從句中沒有任何意思，也不做任何成分。1._ matters most in learning English is enough practice. (全國卷II)A. WhatB. Why C. WhereD. Which解析：what引導(dǎo)主語從句,在從句中作主語。句意為“學(xué)習(xí)英語至關(guān)重要的是最足夠的練習(xí)”。故選A項(xiàng)。why引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),在從句中作狀語,意為“為什么”。where引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),在從句作地點(diǎn)狀語,意為“在地方”。which引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),在從句中作主語、賓語、定語或表語,意為“哪一個(gè)”。2. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. A. That B. WhatC. Whether D. Where解析：what引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作referred to的賓語。that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，在從句中只起連接作用，不作任何成分。whether意為“是否”。where意為“在地方”。3. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (上海卷) A. whenB. why C. whether D. That解析：that引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中只起連接作用，不作任何成分。“.we sleep because our brain is” programmed “to make us to so”是一個(gè)完整的句子，所以要用that引導(dǎo)。when和where在表語從句中作狀語，分別表示“在的時(shí)候”和“在地方”。whether意為“是否”。4. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales ,please? Aanyone Bsomeone Cwhoever Dnomatter who 解析：whoever意為“任何人,無論誰”,引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作介詞to的賓語。同時(shí)whoever在從句中作主語。anyone意為“任何一個(gè)人”。someone意為“有人,某人”。都不能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。no matter who意為“無論誰”,用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,而不能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。5. You can only be sure of_ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. (安徽卷) A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that解析：what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作介詞of的賓語，what在賓語從句中作have的賓語。something后接定語從句，可以省略that。6. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself. (福建卷)A.how B.what C.whichD.when解析：what引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作think about的賓語。it作形式主語。為了使句子保持平衡，常用it代替主語從句或賓語從句，而把主語從句或賓語從句放到后面。how引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，在從句中作方式狀語，意為“如何”。which引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，在從句中作主語、賓語、定語或表語，意為“哪一個(gè)”。when引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。7. Having checked the doors were closed , and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (湖南卷) A. why B. that C. when D. where 解析：that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,在從句中只起連接作用,不作任何成分,常被省略,但當(dāng)謂語后接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)that不能省略。故選B項(xiàng)。why引導(dǎo)賓語從句意為“為什么”。when引導(dǎo)賓語從句，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。where引導(dǎo)賓語從句意為“在地方”。8. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. A. whatB. whyC. how D. Whether解析：what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作介詞on的賓語。what在從句中作for的賓語,表示選擇正確的詞典依賴于你使用它做什么，故選A項(xiàng)。why引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),在從句作原因狀語,意為“為什么”。how引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),在從句作方式狀語,意為“如何”。whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),意為“是否”。9. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A.That B.Which C.WhatD.As解析：what引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作say和do的賓語，表示“父母說的話和做的事”。which和what都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并都可以在賓語從句中作主語、賓語、定語或表語，但which指已知中的未知，范圍較窄，所指事物比較明確，含有選擇的意味。what卻指未知，范圍較寬，所指事物比較含糊。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，在從句只起連接作用不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分。as用于引導(dǎo)定語從句、原因狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、時(shí)間狀語從句等。10. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is . (天津卷)A. what B. which C. how D. Where解析：what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,同時(shí)在從句中作is的表語。which引導(dǎo)賓語從句意為“哪一個(gè)”,含有選擇的意味。how引導(dǎo)賓語從句，意為“如何”,表示動(dòng)作的方式。where引導(dǎo)賓語從句，意為“在地方”。11. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. A. where B. what C. when D. why 解析：where在此引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示“的地方”，又如：This is where the river is deepest. 這是河流的最深處。This is where I first met her. 這就是我初次與她會(huì)面的地方。The coat is where you left it. 大衣還在你原來放的地方。1The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt _ the season. A. whateverB. whereverC. wheneverD. however解析：此題考查 ever 的用法, whatever 后接名詞或陳述性的句子. 2Students are always interested in finding out_they can go with a new teacher. A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long解析：how far 在這兒表示相處到什么程度，3 _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which解析：此題是由it引導(dǎo)的主語從句，it為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的陳