牛津版高中英語(yǔ)必修3課件：Unit2《Grammar》1.ppt

grammar usage unit1 nounclauses名詞性從句 一 名詞性從句概述 名詞性從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞 可以在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ) 相應(yīng)地稱為主語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句 whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet 主語(yǔ)從句 ithink that heisright 賓語(yǔ)從句 thatiswherehewasborn 表語(yǔ)從句 weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon 同位語(yǔ)從句 二 名詞性從句的構(gòu)成 1 陳述型 由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái) 由that引導(dǎo) 在表語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句中可以省略 heisright ithinkso ithink that heisright 2 一般疑問(wèn)型 由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái) 由whether if引導(dǎo) 但if只用于賓語(yǔ)從句 willitraintomorrow idon tknow idon tknowwhether ifitwillraintomorrow 3 特殊疑問(wèn)型 由特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái) 引導(dǎo)詞即為它們的特殊疑問(wèn)詞 whenwilltheystart ithasnotbeendecidedyet whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet 共同特點(diǎn) 全部用陳述句語(yǔ)序 三 名詞性從句的分類 一 主語(yǔ)從句 1 主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中從當(dāng)主語(yǔ) 2 連接詞 that whether是否 連接代詞who 誰(shuí) what which 哪一個(gè) 連接副詞when 何時(shí) 的時(shí)候 where 何地 的地方 how 如何 why 為什么 的原因 等 thatenglishisbeingusedbymoreandmorepeopleisafact that不做成分 只起連接作用 不可省 whatweneedismoretime whowillgothereisnotimportant 3 主語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí) 句子顯得笨重 可以用it作形式主語(yǔ) thatenglishisbeingusedbymoreandmorepeopleisafact itisafactthatenglishisbeingusedbymoreandmorepeople 4 主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的幾種情況 1 itdoesn tmatterhow whether itdoesn tmatterwhetherhelikesornot 2 itissaid reported that itissaidthatwewillhaveanexamnextweek 3 ithappens occurstosb that ithappenstohimthathehasforgottentolockthedoor 二 賓語(yǔ)從句1 賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ) 2 連接詞 that 一般可省 whether if連接代詞who what which連接副詞when where how why等 3 作賓語(yǔ)的幾種情況 1 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)iwish that shecouldunderstandme ithink that heisright 2 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)whetherwecansucceeddependsonhowwecooperate 注 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句不能由that引導(dǎo) 但在in execpt后可由that引導(dǎo) theproblemliesinthatthemistmaybecomeathickfog 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句由whether引導(dǎo) 不用if wetalkedaboutwhetherwewouldbuythetv 3 作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)iamafraidthatihavemadeamistake 4 it作形式賓語(yǔ)hehasmadeitclearthathewon tagreetotheplan 他說(shuō)得很清楚 他不會(huì)同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃的 三 表語(yǔ)從句1 表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ) 2 系動(dòng)詞 be look remain seem appear等 3 連接詞 that 一般可省 whether asif連接代詞who what which連接副詞when where how why等 itseemsthat asifitisgoingtorain thisiswhyjackgotscolded 這就是杰克受訓(xùn)斥的原因 thatiswherehewasborn 那就是他出生的地方 常用結(jié)構(gòu) thereason isthat 不用because it this that isbeacuse thereason whyhedidn tcome isthatheisill iwaslateforschool thatisbecauseigotuplatethismorning 四 同位語(yǔ)從句1 同位語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ) 對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋 說(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容 weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon 2 能接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有 idea news fact promise doubt belief hope rumour suggestion information conclusion evidence problem order decision explanation opinion等 3 同位語(yǔ)從句一般由that引導(dǎo) that在從句中不做成分 不可省略 有時(shí)也可以用whether if what which who when where why how引導(dǎo) theyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometochinaagain youhavenoideahowworriediwas 你不知道我是多么地?fù)?dān)心 thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome 注 有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句 可以不跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞的后面 而是被別的詞隔開(kāi) anideacametohermindthatshemightgoshoppingthisafternoon 4 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 從語(yǔ)法的角度 定語(yǔ)從句的that既代替先行詞 又在從句中作成分 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí) 可以省略 而同位語(yǔ)從句的that只起連接主從句的作用 不充當(dāng)任何成分 且不可省 itisafactthathehasdoneherbest itisafact thatwehaveheard 從語(yǔ)義的角度 定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于形容詞 與先行詞是所屬關(guān)系 而同位語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于名詞 等同于前面的名詞 是同位關(guān)系 對(duì)名詞作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞可以是表示抽象概念或具體概念的詞 而同位語(yǔ)從句中的名詞表示抽象概念的詞 1 ithinkitisgoingtobeabigproblem yes itcouldbe iwonder wecandoaboutit a ifb howc whatd that2 isnopossibility bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch a there thatb it whatc there whetherd it whether 3 acomputercanonlydo youhaveinstructedittodo a howb afterc whatd when4 canyoutellme a whoisthatgentlemanb thatgentlemaniswhoc whothatgentlemanisd whomisthatgentleman 5 hedidn tknowwhichroom a theylivedb theylivedinc didtheylived didtheylivein6 togetthejobstarted ineedisfromhere a whichb c whatd that 7 insomecountries iscalled equality doesn treallymeanequalrightsforallpeople a whichb whatc thatd one8 goandgetyourcoat it s youleftit a thereb wherec therewhered wherethere 9 youdon tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness a whatb whoc thatd whether10 thereason iplantogois shewillbedisappointed idon t a why because whenb why that ifc because that ifd why that whether 11 canidowithasituation take measureyouconsiderbest how whicheverb what whateverc how whateverd what whichever12 shesaidsuggestedthatshehadn tdecided togoornot a what ifb that whetherc what whetherd whether what 13 hemadeapromise anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich a thatb ifc whatd thatif14 wouldliketodevotehiswholelifetohiscountryshouldgo thereareallkindsofdifficulties a who somewhereb whoever wherec whatever anywhered who there 15 canisitinthefrontrow yes youcantake seatyoulike a whateverb whatc whicheverd which16 theylosttheirwayintheforestand mademattersworsewas nightbegantofal