2017年春蘇教版初三年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié).doc

2017年春蘇教版初三年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式作主語To give is better than to receive.To reach there on foot is impossible.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，可以用it 代替，把實(shí)際主語不定式放在后面。Its better to give than to receive.Its impossible to reach there on foot.Its + adj + for sb. to do sth.Its not difficult for me to study English well.Its easy for him to work out this math problem.在這個(gè)句型中，如果形容詞與不定式的邏輯主語關(guān)系密切，并且形容詞用來說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等，由of引出邏輯主語。這類形容詞主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。八. 動(dòng)詞不定式和疑問詞連用動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which, how, where, when連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語，可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。How to do is still a question.Have you decided when to leave?九. 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是在to前加not;不帶to的不定式則在動(dòng)詞前加not. 如：Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 張明要我不要整天呆在家里。My mother let me not do it by myself. 媽媽讓我不要獨(dú)自做這件事。被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)(The Active Voice)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)(The Passive Voice)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。構(gòu)成：承受者+助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：承受者+助動(dòng)詞am / is/are +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者一般過去時(shí)：承受者+助動(dòng)詞was / were +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者承受者+助動(dòng)詞shall / will be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者承受者+助動(dòng)詞 have/ has been+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者被動(dòng)語態(tài)用法：1)當(dāng)我們不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或者沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2)當(dāng)我們需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。3)如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者, 用by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)有以下幾種情況：1)主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。(主動(dòng))We bought a book yesterday.(被動(dòng))The book was bought yesterday.2)主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語將主動(dòng)語態(tài)中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。多數(shù)情況下將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。如果直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，間接賓語前要加介詞to / for。(主動(dòng))He showed me a book yesterday.(被動(dòng))I was showed a book yesterday.(被動(dòng))The book was showed to me yesterday.3)主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語含有一個(gè)由賓語加賓語補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留不變，成為主語補(bǔ)足語。(主動(dòng))I found him a good pupil. (賓語補(bǔ)足語)(被動(dòng))He was found a good pupil. (主語補(bǔ)足語)4)短語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)有些短語動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，其后可以接賓語，因此它們也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但短語動(dòng)詞是不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不可去掉其后面的介詞或副詞。(主動(dòng))We should look after the patients very well.(被動(dòng))The patients should be looked after very well by us.5)賓語從句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)若主動(dòng)語態(tài)中是賓語從句，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在后面。Its said that he passed the exam.被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)特殊問題：(1)不及物動(dòng)詞帶介詞和介詞賓語，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，仍然要帶上介詞。(主動(dòng))The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.(被動(dòng))The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.(2)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語時(shí)，并且賓補(bǔ)是省去“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中應(yīng)加上“to”。(主動(dòng))They make do all the work.(被動(dòng))We were made to do all the work.(主動(dòng))We often hear her sing En