短暫性動詞,延續(xù)性動詞和現(xiàn)在完成時.docVIP

短暫性動詞，延續(xù)性動詞和現(xiàn)在完成時延續(xù)性動詞是指動作發(fā)生后還可以延續(xù)一段時間或者相當(dāng)長的一段時間。如：live,work, study, learn, sleep等，延續(xù)性動詞可以和表示一段的時間狀語連用。短暫性動詞是指動作一旦發(fā)生就立即結(jié)束。它不能和一段時間連用。這類動詞有：go,come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry等；在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。We havent heard from Jane for a long time.短暫性動詞的肯定式不能與表示一段時間的for或since或how long等狀語連用。值得注意的是，表示一段時間的狀語除了“for+一段時間”外，還有since+n./從句（時間點(diǎn)），since+時間段+ago，疑問詞how long，in the past+時間段，all these+時間段，fromto（時間點(diǎn)）以及till/until+n./句子等等。例如：.I have received his letter for three days（） I have received his letter.（）How long did she leave .（） How long has she been away? ()finish be overput on wear 或be onopen be openclose be closedjoin be in/ be a member ofgo to schoolbe a studentborrowkeepbuy/gethavedress be dressedcatch(a cold) have(a cold)get to know knowbegin to studystudycome to workworkmove to live infinish/end be overcome to be insit down be seatedarrivebe herebegin(start)be ondie be deadcome backbe backleave be away (from)fall ill(asleep)be ill( asleep)get upbe upgo out be outmarry be married如果短暫性動詞與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，必須將短暫性動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：arrivebe here除了用上面的轉(zhuǎn)化形式之外，還可以用其他的表達(dá)形式：A. It is 或者 It has been+時間+since（動詞用過去式），B.主語+謂語（過去時）+時間+ago。例如：Its five days since I received his letter. His father died three years ago.看一個句子可以用以下幾種說法：他離開上海已經(jīng)3天了。He left Shanghai three days ago. He has been away from Shanghai for three days/since three days agoIt is/has been three days since he left Shanghai.Three days has passed since he left Shanghai.幾點(diǎn)注意事項:（1）have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，也可能在回來的路上，總之，人不在這里。常用第三人稱作主語。前者可與once,never, several times等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。He has gone to Beijing他去北京了。注意比較 has gone to, has been to, has been in的意義：He has gone to Amercia.（他到美國去了。他不在這里）He has been to Amercia.（他去過美國?，F(xiàn)已回來）He has been in Shanghai.（他在上海呆過。現(xiàn)在不在上海）He has been in shanghai for years.（他在上海多年?，F(xiàn)在還在上海）（2）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：I haven t left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。另外，動詞的延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性還體現(xiàn)在這兩種句型中：延續(xù)性動詞的肯定式+till/until 短暫性動詞的否定式+till/ until請看例句：We waited until he came.I didnt go to bed until my father came back home last night.短暫性動詞，延續(xù)性動詞和現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)I. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同義句）Mr. Li _ _English in this school since 1999.2. The factory opened ten years ago.（同義句The factory _ _ _ for ten years.3. John left Beijing three years ago. （同義句）Three years _ _ _ John _ Beijing.John_ _ _ _ Beijing _ three years.4. His company opened in 2003. （同義句His company _ _ _ since 2003.5. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同義句My father _ _ the car _ half a year.6. We got to know each other for about 15 years.（同義句We _ _ each other _ about 15 years.7. The film began ten minutes ago. （同義句The film _ _ _ for ten minutes.8. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. （同義句I _ _ this book for two weeks.9. My father came back the day before yesterday.My father has _ _ for two days.10.My uncle bought the new car two months ago.My uncle has_ the new car _two months ago.II. 用have been和have gone填空。1. Mother isnt here. She _ to the barbers.2. _ you ever _ abroad before?4. Tom and Mary have just come in. They _ to a party.5. Tom and Mary arent here. They _ to a Party.6. My father _ to New York. He left this morning.12. The students _ to the cinema to see a film today. Now they are back.14. Mr. and Mrs. Smith _ to London now. They _ there twice already.18. Miss Li _ never _ to China before.19. Where _ you _? The meeting has already begun.20. Where _ he _? I cant find him anywhere.選擇題1. The bookshop _ for eight years. A has been open B has been opened C has opened D has open 2. I _ the club for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3. The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been17.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on18.He _ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had20.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep 21.-Howlong_ you_thearmy?-Foroneandahalfyears.A.did,joinB.have,beenin C.have,joined D.will,join22.Oh,Mrs,King.Yourdresslooksnice.Isitnew?No,I_itsincetwoyearsago.A.hadB.boughtC.havehadD.havebought23.Jackhas_foraweek.A.hadacold Bgotacold C.caughtacold24.“Howlonghaveyou_there?” “Aboutsixyears.”A.comeB.goneC.leftD.worked25.Ourworkshopsincetwoyearsago.A.wasopenB.openedC.hasbeenopenD.hasopened26.Mygrandpa_forhalfayear.A.hasbeendeadB.di