非謂語動詞導學案.doc

非謂語動詞（1）1. 形式：動詞不定時（doing）, 動名詞（doing）,分詞（doing 和 done ）2. 導入：練：1.）Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing2.） With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought3.） I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed4.） The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid5.） It rained heavily in the south, _ serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause6.） I had great difficulty _ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding7. ）Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 8. _ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached9. That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce10. _ at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked一動詞不定式的用法 判斷下面不定式在句中的成分1. To finish the work in ten minutes is difficult. （ ）2. He wants to go abroad. （ ）3. My dream is to become a singer. （ ）4. Mother got me to go to the shop and buy some salt. （ ）5. I have some clothes to wash. （ ）6.He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. （ ）結論： 不定式在句中可以充當_.I 不定式做主語：不定式做主語可直接放于句首，但很多情況下，用_做形式主語（尤其在疑問句和感嘆句中）常見句型：1.）1）It is + adj. +for sb /of sb+to do sth.常用介詞for 的詞_常用介詞of 的詞有_2.) It is + n + to do sth. 意思是_常見名詞_(3) It takes/needs/requires+ sometime/sth. +to do意思是：_做賓語1. (2005天津卷) I dont want _like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the manager s plan is unfair. A. to soundB. to be sounded C. soundingD. to have sounded2. (2006北京卷) I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop有些及物動詞常用不定式作賓語。常見的動詞有：determine/ decide, learn, want, expect/ hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/ beg, help, afford, happen, wait, threaten, fail, demand, like, hate, begin, forget, remember, prefer等口訣：決心學會想希望， 拒絕設法愿假裝主動答應選計劃， 同意請求幫一幫注意：除了做以外別無選擇_B. 常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動詞: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain你能告訴我怎樣才能解決這個問題嗎?_?C. 用it作形式賓語 如： S + think / feel / believe/ consider 等 + it + adj + to do .不定式作賓語補足語:1. (2007北京卷) Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room. A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing2. (2008上海卷) Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _their homes. A. leaving B. to leave C. to be left D. being left 1).帶to做賓補的動詞:即 動詞/ 動詞詞組 + sb + to do:ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, cause, encourage, forbid, intend, prefer, require, remind, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg, persuade, call on, depend on2) 不帶to的不定式：（主動不帶to，被動還原to）口訣： 吾(五)看三室（使）兩廳（聽）一感覺，即_不定式作表語： A.表示按計劃和安排將要發(fā)生的事情。 B.表示主語的內容，但側重于目的性。 C. 表示情態(tài)意義(應該, 必須)。.不定式做定語: A.一般表示將發(fā)生的情況，放在名詞后與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間是主謂關系、動賓關系、同位關系或修飾關系注意:1.如不定式與它所修飾的詞有動賓關系,而這個不定式又是不及物動詞, 它后面應有必要的介詞。e.g. There is nothing .(worry)2.不定式所修飾的名詞是不定式的動作所發(fā)生的地點或所使用的工具時, 它后面要帶上必要的介詞。e.g. I need a pen to_ (write).B. 用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no, all, any等限定的中心詞，且與中心詞為主動關系。 e.g. He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.C.被修飾的詞是抽象名詞時用不定式，常見的有：ability, chance, idea, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等 What is the way you can think of _(solve) the problem?練：1. (2008上海卷) If theres a lot of work _, I am happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing 2. (2007 全國卷I)The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving .不定式作狀語 1)不定式作目的狀語 強調作目的狀語的不定式, 常用in order (not) to，so as (not) to短語.前者可放在句首,也可放在句中;后者只能放在句中。e.g. Tim sat near the fire to get warm.2).不定式作結果狀語 常用于一些固定搭配中,如:too to, enough to， only to，never to，so + 形容詞/副詞 + as to, such + 名詞+ as to do引導。3）某些形容詞作表語，表示喜怒哀樂，后跟不定式做原因狀語e.g Im glad to hear the good news.用作獨立成分的不定式必背to tell you the truth 說老實話 to begin with 首先 so to speak 可以這么說 to be sure 誠然，固然 to be exact 精確地說to do him justice 說句對他公道的話 to be honest 老實說to make a long story short 長話短說 to say nothing of 姑且不說to be frank 坦率地說 to be brief 簡言 to conclude 總而言之不定式的否定式 是在_不定式的主要形式主動式被動式一般式進行式完成式 完成進行式不定式的省略 當不定式在某些動詞后作賓語時，?？墒÷詣釉~原形保留不定式符號 to，但當 to 后是 be 或 have 時，則要保留到 be 或 have-Do you want to give a talk on that subject?-I prefer not toHe didnt come , but he ought to have.完成下列練習1.我決定再學一門外語。 I decide _ a second foreign language. 2. 明天將要討論的問題是一個很重要的問題。 The question _ tomorrow is a very important one. 3. 據(jù)報道他已經出國了。 He is reported _ . 4. 他假裝正在睡覺。 He pretended _ . 5. 據(jù)說小偷已經被警方抓捕。 The thief is said _ 用適當形式填空 1. Without anything _ (eat), he died of hunger.2. I gave Tom some books _ (read). 3. Do you have anything _ (say) on this question?4. He is hard _ .（talk） 1. (2007 遼寧卷)The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break2. (2005江蘇卷)Is Bob still performing? Im afraid not. He is said