非謂語動詞與長難句閱讀和寫作(文本版).doc

非謂語動詞：閱讀和寫作前言：名詞性從句、定語從句和非謂語動詞是高考中所有題型都涉及的三大核心語法。復(fù)習(xí)資料里涉及語法時往往只把它們和語法填空和短文改錯聯(lián)系起來，甚少探討它們在閱讀和寫作中的應(yīng)用。所以在講完這三大語法時安排兩個課時介紹它們在閱讀和寫作中的應(yīng)用。目的有二：一是提高同學(xué)們讀懂所謂“長難句”的能力，學(xué)會提取句子中的信息，做閱讀時有根據(jù)地答題。二是選擇部分相對容易的所謂“高級結(jié)構(gòu)”反復(fù)造句訓(xùn)練，并刻意在寫作時應(yīng)用，提高作文的得分能力。非謂語動詞與閱讀一、長難句的幾個特點(diǎn)： 1、句子信息量大，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，附加成分多（名詞性從句、定語從句、非謂語動詞）； 2.、分隔現(xiàn)象普遍（主謂分隔、同位語分隔、 定語分隔等）； 3.、插入語、省略、倒裝現(xiàn)象。 核心：找主句，把握核心； 找附加成分，分析信息。 二、回顧及示例：分析句子：劃出主句；圈出從句的引導(dǎo)詞；圈出非謂語動詞；分析從句和非謂語動詞在句子中成分，說出它們的語法名稱。 But soon they turned it down after 700 local objections reached them，because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas針對從句和非謂語動詞提問：1）_2)_3)_4)_三、練習(xí)分析句子：找出非謂語動詞，通過提問的方式找出所含信息1. In 1800 a candle providing one hours light cost six hours workIn the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for_2. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuel electricity is forbidden by well - meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy(悲劇) as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change_3. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose - bleed by putting a tourniquet（止血帶）around our necks_4. This, combined with the length of time spent in front of computers, has led to an increase in the number of people with nearsightedness in North America._5. As the only girl in a family of seven children，she often felt like she had “seven fathers，” because her six brothers，as well as her father，tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading，she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate. (NMET 2008天津卷A篇) Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?A. She had seven brothers. B. She felt herself a nobody.C. She was too shy to go to school. D. She did not have any good teachers.6.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called Moai, for which the island is most famous. On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its nameWhats the Easter Island well-known for?A. the most distant island B. Moai C. one street D. Easter Sunday7. The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wantedWhy do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?A. Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.B. People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.C. Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.D. Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.8. As the only girl in a family of seven children，she often felt like she had “seven fathers，” because her six brothers，as well as her father，tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading，she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate. . Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?A. She had seven brothers. B. She felt herself a nobody.C. She was too shy to go to school. D. She did not have any good teachers.2017高考全國I Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圓錐體) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. 14. Whats the last step of constructing a working solar still? A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place. C. Weight the sheets center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.非謂語動詞與寫作：分詞做狀語一、 示例1. Knowing that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books. 2. Being an active young person, I like sports and outdoor activities.3. Confused by spoken and written English, I am often laughed at in public.4. Attracted by the western cuisine in the advertisements, I am looking forward to making them on my own.二、 總結(jié)1）分詞作狀語屬于比較容易把握的寫作中的高級結(jié)構(gòu)，我們應(yīng)該刻意使用。 2）兩句話的主語相同，選擇其中一句話省掉主語并且謂語變成非謂語動詞（現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞）做狀語。 3）用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞由它們與邏輯主語的關(guān)系決定：主動/被動 三、翻