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English around the world-Learning about language學(xué)案【單元導(dǎo)航】中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)歐洲人做過(guò)精細(xì)的統(tǒng)計(jì),自1994年以來(lái)加入國(guó)際英語(yǔ)行列的詞匯中,中式英語(yǔ)貢獻(xiàn)了5%到20%,超過(guò)任何其他來(lái)源。除“孔夫子(Confucious)”、“中國(guó)功夫(kung fu)”、“麻將(mahjong)”或者“豆腐(tofu)”之類絕無(wú)僅有的稱謂,再挑揀幾個(gè)真正有中國(guó)氣質(zhì)、代表華夏氣派、并影響全球當(dāng)代生活的“雞蛋詞”。 (一)絲綢silk中國(guó)是養(yǎng)蠶大國(guó),絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)?!皊ilk”的發(fā)音,顯然是漢語(yǔ)的音譯,這個(gè)詞代表了中國(guó)高超的工藝技術(shù)和貿(mào)易強(qiáng)勢(shì)。即便現(xiàn)在,絲綢仍在現(xiàn)代生活中充當(dāng)雍容華麗、典雅高貴的象征。(二)茶tea這個(gè)詞,又是英國(guó)人從拗口的閩南話里偷走的。茶,和絲綢、瓷器比肩,堪稱古代中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的拳頭產(chǎn)品。目前,品茶代表了一種生活方式和文化品位。 18世紀(jì)的柴斯特頓勛爵在訓(xùn)子家書(shū)里寫道:“盡管茶來(lái)自東方,它畢竟是紳士氣味的;而可可則是個(gè)痞子、懦夫,一頭粗野的猛獸。”(三)世外桃源Shangrila (Xanadu)這是兩個(gè)近義詞,都有“世外桃源”的意思?!癝hangrila”出自西藏的傳說(shuō)之地香格里拉,“Xanadu”則是蒙古的元上都。如果要表達(dá)“世外桃源”,通常采用“Xanadu”這個(gè)詞。(四)風(fēng)水Feng Shui風(fēng)水,還是音譯。它凝聚了古代中國(guó)在活人住宅和死人墓地方面的集體智慧。近年來(lái),風(fēng)水在美國(guó)紅極一時(shí),從中國(guó)人唇齒之間發(fā)出的音節(jié),已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)代人急需探究的學(xué)問(wèn)。(五)走狗running dogs中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)“running dogs”貼切地表達(dá)了一種見(jiàn)利忘義、供人驅(qū)使的“下三爛”。最先運(yùn)用這個(gè)詞的是中國(guó)人,還是英國(guó)人,已無(wú)從考證;重要的是,英語(yǔ)世界接納了“走狗”,并以漢語(yǔ)的思維撫育這個(gè)“外來(lái)詞”。接納詞匯的同時(shí),無(wú)形中也接受了中國(guó)人的價(jià)值觀。(六)大款、巨亨tycoon這種稱呼是近些年才流行街巷的,指有錢、有勢(shì)的商人或者企業(yè)家,中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的叫法是“大掌柜”。內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)析本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容是人民教育出版社出版的NSE高中教材必修1第二單元的Learning about language部分。本單元的中心話題是“世界上的英語(yǔ)”,通過(guò)對(duì)這一話題的探討加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的了解,對(duì)當(dāng)代語(yǔ)言特別是英語(yǔ)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的了解。本單元旨在為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)打開(kāi)一扇窗戶,使學(xué)生了解語(yǔ)言的變化趨勢(shì),明確為什么除了英國(guó)英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ),還會(huì)有印度英語(yǔ)、加拿大英語(yǔ)等,以后可能還會(huì)有中國(guó)英語(yǔ)。本節(jié)課是單元的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)課,教師可在充分利用教材資源的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)活動(dòng),旨在幫助學(xué)生有效地學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言知識(shí),并能熟練運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí),形成有效地學(xué)習(xí)方法和解題技巧。同時(shí),通過(guò)背誦大量經(jīng)典例句,為以后的寫作積累了素材。目標(biāo)聚焦 本單元為高一學(xué)生入學(xué)初期的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。高中學(xué)習(xí)較之于初中學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)重、學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容多,學(xué)生對(duì)于緊張而有序的新學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)還沒(méi)有很好的適應(yīng),因此要通過(guò)課內(nèi)教學(xué),課外輔導(dǎo)使學(xué)生盡快適應(yīng)高中的學(xué)習(xí)方式,語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)離不開(kāi)詞匯,于是掌握一些辨析詞義和詞匯運(yùn)用的方法很重要,但對(duì)于詞匯知識(shí)的歸納總結(jié)能力以及語(yǔ)法的系統(tǒng)掌握需要步步提高。本節(jié)課的主要目的就是側(cè)重訓(xùn)練學(xué)生對(duì)文章的重點(diǎn)詞匯、重點(diǎn)句型的理解、辨析和運(yùn)用,并通過(guò)對(duì)多個(gè)例句的分析,歸納總結(jié)詞匯、句型的用法,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成自己分析、歸納總結(jié)的習(xí)慣,以及理解、識(shí)別與掌握間接引語(yǔ)中命令與請(qǐng)求的表達(dá)能力。(一)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)目標(biāo)1詞匯 base; latter; fluent; command; request; because of; come up; at present; make use of; such as. etc.2語(yǔ)法 間接引語(yǔ)中命令與請(qǐng)求的表達(dá)法。(二)語(yǔ)言能力目標(biāo)能夠記憶課文中涉及的詞匯及句型,熟練掌握重點(diǎn)詞匯及語(yǔ)法的用法,并能夠在理解掌握的基礎(chǔ)上熟練運(yùn)用。(三)學(xué)習(xí)策略目標(biāo) 階段 形式 手段 篇章輸入 課文/單句等詞匯輸入/呈現(xiàn) 小組協(xié)作單句 小組協(xié)作,字典等輔助資料詞匯運(yùn)用 真實(shí)情景,遣詞造句 真實(shí)情景造句 連句成篇,交際活動(dòng) 信息交際,影像配音詞匯反饋 教師指導(dǎo),學(xué)生互評(píng) 匯報(bào),詞匯測(cè)試,寫作等(四)文化意識(shí)及情感態(tài)度目標(biāo) 通過(guò)對(duì)“English around the world” 這一話題的探討加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的了解,對(duì)當(dāng)代語(yǔ)言特別是英語(yǔ)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的了解。本單元旨在為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)打開(kāi)一扇窗戶,使學(xué)生了解語(yǔ)言的變化趨勢(shì),明確為什么除了英國(guó)英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ),還會(huì)有印度英語(yǔ)、加拿大英語(yǔ)等,以后可能還會(huì)有中國(guó)英語(yǔ)。方法運(yùn)用 本節(jié)課將采用新課標(biāo)所提倡的“任務(wù)型教學(xué)”途徑,側(cè)重于提高學(xué)生在語(yǔ)言知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中的歸納能力,以及對(duì)所掌握語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的靈活運(yùn)用,同時(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自我完成任務(wù)的能力。按照高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所倡導(dǎo)的以學(xué)生為本的教學(xué)理念,采用任務(wù)型語(yǔ)言教學(xué)途徑,促使學(xué)生積極運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言,完成任務(wù);采用詞組翻譯、句子理解翻譯、通過(guò)句子辨析詞義,在完成練習(xí)的過(guò)程中達(dá)到鞏固詞組以及語(yǔ)法的用法的目的。學(xué)習(xí)流程Before class (課前自主探究,合作學(xué)習(xí)) Task1 Read the text fluently and try to recite the text. In this way the students can master the important words and phrases according to the context. (利用關(guān)鍵詞復(fù)述課文也是記憶單詞的好方法。) Task 2 Complete this passage with the words from the Warming Up and Reading. (因?yàn)楠?dú)立的詞匯枯燥,因此這一部分的設(shè)計(jì)把課文與要講解的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)很好的銜接起來(lái),詞文結(jié)合,寓詞于文,整體感強(qiáng)。) It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as f_ as a n_ English speaker. One reason is that English has a large v_. It also has different usage in different English speaking countries. If you use “flat” instead of “_”, people in America will know you have learned British English. If you use the word “_” instead of “l(fā)ift” in Britain, people will know you have studied American English.Task 3 Try to find out the usages of some of the words or expressions referring to the dictionary in groups. (Firstly, what impresses the Ss most is to do something by themselves. Secondly, referring to the dictionary is a very good habit in English learning.) In class(課上展示交流,鞏固提高)Step I. Check up Listen to the teacher and complete the sentences as quickly as possible. (此部分由教師或某個(gè)學(xué)生整句讀出來(lái),學(xué)生據(jù)此寫出空缺的單詞,目的是鍛煉學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力及單詞熟悉程度。 沒(méi)有聽(tīng)出來(lái)的根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)充并修改。 小組核對(duì)答案。這一部分作為課上檢查,了解學(xué)情及學(xué)生掌握情況。) 1.Your _ decides your success.2.Your two plans are wonderful,but I enjoy the _more.3.To speak English_,youd better make use of every chance to practise.4. His interest in maths _increases.5. It sounds right but _ its wrong.6. The public want to know the _ of the killer.7. An_ of the local government called to see him.8. Hes a shy boy who cant _with other people very well.9. The Titanic sank on its maiden _.10.There are many differences between British and American _. Step.Grasp the following language points:(方法指導(dǎo):先把原文句子呈現(xiàn)出來(lái),然后認(rèn)真瀏覽知識(shí)點(diǎn)的解析,自我探究、歸納總結(jié),小組合作,并完成相應(yīng)的鞏固練習(xí),選出一名代表展示答案,師生核對(duì)答案后,背誦句子) (Co-operation is of great importance in study, so is trying to use what they have learned.) 1. Do you know that there is more than one kind of English?你知道嗎,(世界上)有許多英語(yǔ)種類?品味經(jīng)典 There are more than 100 people at the party. 有100多人參加聚會(huì)。 Peace is much more than the absence of war. 和平不僅僅意味著沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 Her performance was more than good;it was perfect. 她的表演非常好,可以說(shuō)是完美的。 He more than smiled;he laughed outright. 他豈止是微笑,簡(jiǎn)直是大笑了。 The consequence was much more than he imagined. 結(jié)果遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了他的想像。自我探究 more than數(shù)詞,意為_(kāi),相當(dāng)于over;其后接名詞,意為_(kāi),表示程度和加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣;其后接形容詞或副詞,意為_(kāi);其后接動(dòng)詞,意為 豈止是,不僅僅;其后接從句,意為比更。歸納拓展 (1)more.than. morethan.為一個(gè)表示比較級(jí)的句型,意為“比”。 The problem is more complicated than we expected. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題比我們預(yù)料的要復(fù)雜得多。 Youve actually given me more help than I need. 你其實(shí)沒(méi)必要給我這么多幫助。 (2)not more than意思是“至多,不超過(guò)”,它相當(dāng)于at (the) most。 Hes only a child of not more than 10. 他僅僅是個(gè)不到10歲的孩子。 (3)no more(.)than. no more than后面常接數(shù)詞,表示數(shù)量少,相當(dāng)于only,意為“僅僅,只有”。 To my surprise,no more than 5 members shared my idea. 令我吃驚的是,只有5個(gè)人同意我的觀點(diǎn)。牛刀小試 短語(yǔ)識(shí)境A. more than B .no more than C. not.more than (1) Do you need any help,Lucy? Yes. This job is _I could do myself. (2) China Daily is _ a newspaper, it can also help us to improve our English. (3) When I first began to work,you know,I could earn no more than 50 dollars every month. (4) Ill not give you more than I can spare.2. .people from England made voyages to conquer other parts.英國(guó)人航海去征服其他區(qū)域品味經(jīng)典 He took a voyage to study plants on that island. 他航海去那個(gè)島上研究植物。自我探究 voyage,名詞,常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)make或take a voyage/voyages,on voyage意為_(kāi)。易混辨析 (Knowing the difference is very helpful in learning English. During the study, the teacher is just an assistant.) voyage,journey,travel,tour,trip (1) voyage主要指“乘船作水上旅行”,也可指“空中旅行”。 (2) journey應(yīng)用范圍很廣,指“有預(yù)定地點(diǎn)的陸上、水上或空中的單程長(zhǎng)、短途旅行”,一般來(lái)說(shuō),它著重指“長(zhǎng)距離的陸上旅行”。 (3) travel(n.)習(xí)慣用復(fù)數(shù)形式。泛指旅行各地,表示旅行的路途遠(yuǎn),時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。此外,travel還可以作動(dòng)詞用。 (4) tour指“以游覽、視察、購(gòu)物等為目的的旅行”,常含有“最后回到原出發(fā)點(diǎn)”的意思。 (5) trip為一般用語(yǔ),指“任何方式的、從事業(yè)務(wù)或游覽的旅行”,往往著重于“短途旅行”,在口語(yǔ)中,可與journey互換。 牛刀小試 (1)他決定乘飛機(jī)去紐約旅行。 He decided to make a_ to New York by air. (2)在航行中他暈船了。 He got seasick _. (3)他要周游全球。 He is going to make a round the world _. (4)馬可波羅游記是我讀過(guò)的最有意思的書(shū)。 The _ of Marco Polo is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read. (5)因?yàn)楸╋L(fēng)雪,旅行取消了。 This _ was cancelled because of the snowstorm.3. .and because of that,English began to be spoken in many other countries.因?yàn)槟且稽c(diǎn),許多國(guó)家開(kāi)始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。品味經(jīng)典 He didnt go to school because of his illness. 由于生病他沒(méi)去上學(xué)。 The bus was late because of the heavy snow. 因?yàn)榇笱┕卉囃睃c(diǎn)了。 He lost the job because he was careless. 因?yàn)榇中乃チ诉@份工作。自我探究 because of屬介詞短語(yǔ),后跟_;because是連詞,后跟_。 牛刀小試The open air party has been put off the bad weather. A. because of B. because C. instead of D. instead4. Yes,Id like to come up to your apartment.好啊,我想去你住的地方。品味經(jīng)典 He came up and introduced himself. 他走上前來(lái)并作了自我介紹。 The diver came up to the surface to have a deep breath. 潛水員浮到水面深吸了一口氣。 The seeds I sowed last week havent come up yet. 上星期我播下的種子還沒(méi)有發(fā)芽呢。 When did these idioms come up? 這些習(xí)語(yǔ)是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始流行的? Ill let you know if anything comes up. 如果發(fā)生什么事的話,我會(huì)讓你知道的。 The question hasnt come up yet. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有被提出來(lái)。 The price is coming up all the way. 價(jià)格一直在上漲。自我探究 come up,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),意為_(kāi)。歸納拓展come out 意為出版,披露; come at 意為襲擊,達(dá)到; come about 意為發(fā)生; come down 意為傳遞,跌落。 come to 意為總共,達(dá)到 come across意為偶遇。 牛刀小試 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕椤⒏痹~填空 (1)The boy came _ us with a stick. (2)The price of oil is coming _ ,making the consumers happy. (3)I came _ some photos when looking through the book. (4)How did the war come _? (5)When is your new book coming _ ? (6)All the clothes came_ $ 1,000.5. It was based more on German than.當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多的是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)的,而不是品味經(jīng)典 They based the report on facts. 這篇新聞報(bào)道完全是以事實(shí)為依據(jù)的。 We camped at the base of the mountain. 我們?cè)谏侥_下安營(yíng)。 Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. 卡爾馬克思把倫敦作為他的革命根據(jù)地。自我探究 base,作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為_(kāi),常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)是base.on/upon.或_;作名詞時(shí),意為_(kāi)。 牛刀小試 (1)這部電影是以魯迅的小說(shuō)為藍(lán)本的。 The film _ a novel by Lu Xun. (2)容器的底部有個(gè)洞。 There is a hole in the _of the container. (3)那個(gè)公司的辦事處遍布全世界,但總部在巴黎。 That company has offices all over the world,but their_ is in Paris.6. .the English we speak at present.我們目前所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)品味經(jīng)典 We havent found the thief at present. 目前我們還沒(méi)抓到這個(gè)賊。自我探究 at present意為_(kāi)。 歸納拓展 presentadj.現(xiàn)在的;目前的 adj.出席的;在場(chǎng)的(常作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)) n. 禮物 v. 呈送;贈(zèng)送 the present government 現(xiàn)政府 All the people who were present at the meeting were for the plan. 出席會(huì)議的人都贊同這個(gè)計(jì)劃。 All the students present are against his advice. 所有在座的學(xué)生都反對(duì)他的建議。 All the presents should be presented to each students present at the present time. 這些禮物應(yīng)當(dāng)送給目前在場(chǎng)的每一位學(xué)生。 牛刀小試 (1) I dont plan to go on holiday _(目前). (2) 大部分到場(chǎng)的科學(xué)家表達(dá)了他們對(duì)當(dāng)前國(guó)家形勢(shì)的看法。 Most of the scientists _expressed their ideas about the _.7. Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比任何時(shí)候都大。品味經(jīng)典 You must make good use of every opportunity to practise English. 你必須好好利用每一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 The Internet resources should be made full use of. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)玫匠浞掷?。自我探?make use of 意為_(kāi);make good use of意為_(kāi);make full use of意為_(kāi),其中use是不可數(shù)名詞。歸納拓展 make the best of 充分利用,善用 make the most of 充分利用,盡量利用 You should make the best/most of this valuable opportunity. 你應(yīng)該充分利用這寶貴的機(jī)會(huì)。 牛刀小試 Full use should be the time to practise speaking more English. A. taken B. made C. taken of D. made of8. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.在新加坡,馬來(lái)西亞和非洲一些國(guó)家如南非,人們也說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。品味經(jīng)典 I like those students who are careful with their lessons,such as Mary,Lina. 我喜歡那些學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)真的學(xué)生,例如:瑪麗,琳娜。 English is spoken in many countries,such as Australia and Canada. 許多國(guó)家都講英語(yǔ),例如澳大利亞和加拿大。 Metals are such things as iron and steel. 金屬是一些像鐵、鋼一樣的東西。自我探究 such as意為例如,用于列舉前面所述情況,有時(shí)也可分開(kāi)用,such后接名詞或代詞,as后接名詞或定語(yǔ)從句修飾such后的成分。 易混辨析 for example,such as (1)for example 用來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明某一論點(diǎn)或情況,一般只列舉同類人或物中的“一個(gè)”為例,作插入語(yǔ),可位于句首、句中或句末。 Ball games,for example,have spread around the world. 例如,球類運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)在世界各地傳播開(kāi)了。 (2)such as 用來(lái)列舉事物時(shí),一般列舉同類人和事物中的幾個(gè)例子。插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間,as后面不用逗號(hào)。 (3)使用such as短語(yǔ)時(shí),后面列舉的事物的數(shù)量不能等于它前面所提到的總和,一旦相等就要用that is 或namely。 I have three good friends,such as John,Jack and Tom.(錯(cuò)) I have three good friends;that is,John,Jack and Tom. 我有三個(gè)好朋友,即約翰、杰克和湯姆。 牛刀小試 用that is,such as,for example填空 (1)He knows three languages,_,Chinese,F(xiàn)rench and English. (2)What would you do if you met a wild animala lion,_? (3)The farmer grows various kinds of crops,_ wheat,corn,cotton and rice. (4)Matter may be invisible;air,_,is this kind of the matter.9. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.目前在中國(guó),學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)在迅速增長(zhǎng)。 India has a very large number of fluent English speakers.印度擁有眾多講英語(yǔ)很流利的人。品味經(jīng)典 A number of cars are in the street.大街上有許多車。 The number of cars in our company is increasing.我們公司的轎車數(shù)在增長(zhǎng)。自我探究 the number of意為_(kāi),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用_;a number of意為_(kāi),作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用_,該短語(yǔ)也可換為numbers of,number可被large、small、great、good來(lái)修飾。 牛刀小試 I know of your classmates are studying French;whats of them? A. the number;a numberB. a number;the number C. a number;a numberD. the number;the numberstep 鞏固提高1 Add these phrase to the rhyme so that it make sense.such as make use of because of come up at present “Will you _ to my flat?” asked the spider to the fly. “_ it is so pleasant to look down from so high. _ the clear sky it is possible to see buildings _theatres and hotels by the sea. So wont you please _this chance to look?” The fly agreed immediately without a second thought. But as soon as she went up with a step so light that day, the spider caught and ate her and she was never seen again. 2. 運(yùn)用本課所學(xué)詞匯寫一篇文章。(The highest level of learning words is to say sth. or write sth.) 由于英語(yǔ)的重要性以及其廣泛應(yīng)用,學(xué)好英語(yǔ)也越來(lái)越有必要了。那么如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)并說(shuō)一口流利的英語(yǔ)呢?首先,建立一定的詞匯量,語(yǔ)言的聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫都是以詞匯為基礎(chǔ)的。其次,學(xué)習(xí)貴在堅(jiān)持,充分利用好每一分可以學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間。此外,多讀一些英文讀物或報(bào)紙,目前,有大量的英文讀物可以選擇,例如21世紀(jì)報(bào)、書(shū)蟲(chóng)系列讀物等。很有用的一個(gè)方法就是多與他人尤其是外國(guó)人交流,他們會(huì)提出一些好的學(xué)習(xí)建議。如此一來(lái),漸漸的你的英語(yǔ)水平會(huì)有很大的提高。 Step Discovering useful structures復(fù)習(xí):回憶一下你還會(huì)下面的句式轉(zhuǎn)換嗎?(溫故而知新) 1 He said , “You are younger than I.” _ 2 He said, “Do you often come here to read newspaper?” _ 3 He asked, “Where do you live?” _學(xué)一學(xué):試一試(了解一種新句式的轉(zhuǎn)換)你認(rèn)識(shí)下面的句式嗎?Shut the window, please.Open the door!How beautiful it is!如果有人這樣對(duì)你說(shuō),你會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)述給我們聽(tīng)嗎? (小提示:你弄清楚這幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的意思嗎?講解歸納say to sb. 對(duì)某人說(shuō);tell sb. to do sth 告訴某人干某事;ask sb to do sth. 要求某人干某事;order sb. to do sth.命令某人干某事,在使用這些詞要注意體會(huì)其語(yǔ)境。嘗試一下)如:1)Tom said to me. “Shut the window, please.”(小提示:直接引語(yǔ)里有個(gè)please 是表示請(qǐng)求request :askbegrequest sb.(not)to do sth.) Tom _me _shut the window.2) The teacher said to the students, “Stop talking!”(小提示:直接引語(yǔ)里沒(méi)有please,這種情況則表示命令command:tell sb (not )to do sth.) The teacher _ the students _stop talking.3) The officer said, “Go away.”(有些語(yǔ)句根據(jù)意思可判斷出有比較強(qiáng)烈的命令:order /command sb.(not) to do sth.) The officer _ us _go away.4) One of the doctors said,” Let me go on with the operation, Dr. Bethune.” One of the doctors asked _ to let _ go on with the operation.(該直接引 語(yǔ) 中有個(gè)稱呼語(yǔ) Dr. Bethune, 一般要把它當(dāng)成賓語(yǔ)用。) 5). She said, What a lovely day it is ! (小提示:直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)為what 或how
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