英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)期末復(fù)習(xí)資料.doc

英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)期末復(fù)習(xí)資料I. Fill in the blanks：( 2 points for each, 20 points ) 1. 在中國(guó)近代翻譯史上，最引人矚目的翻譯家是嚴(yán)復(fù)和_。2. 比較全面而明確的_標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是清代翻譯家嚴(yán)復(fù)于1898年在其天演論-譯例言中提出的“_”。3. 社會(huì)符號(hào)學(xué)派認(rèn)為翻譯是一種_活動(dòng)。4. _是最早將翻譯的范圍從宗教以及文學(xué)擴(kuò)大到_的翻譯家。5. _學(xué)派認(rèn)為翻譯是兩種語(yǔ)言的話語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換活動(dòng)。6. 一般認(rèn)為，中國(guó)歷史上出現(xiàn)過(guò)三次翻譯高潮：東漢至唐宋的_、明末清初的_和鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)至“五四運(yùn)動(dòng)”期間_和文學(xué)翻譯。7. 翻譯是一門(mén)_學(xué)科，它集語(yǔ)言學(xué)、_、心理學(xué)、信息論等于一身，涉及政治、_、文化、科技等諸多領(lǐng)域。8. 從翻譯的方向看，據(jù)我國(guó)的_實(shí)踐而言，可分為外譯漢和 _兩大類(lèi)。9. 從翻譯的題材上看，可分為_(kāi)翻譯和_翻譯。10. 在學(xué)習(xí)翻譯的初級(jí)階段，外語(yǔ)水平主要指_和_，兩者缺一不可。11. _研究的是翻譯時(shí)所采用的各種方法問(wèn)題。12. 在翻譯理論中，既要繼承“_”的理論傳統(tǒng)，又要借鑒西方科學(xué)的_理論。13. 嚴(yán)復(fù)是第一個(gè)_介紹西方資產(chǎn)階級(jí)政治制度、學(xué)術(shù)及_，對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)思想界產(chǎn)生了很大的影響的人。14. 林紓翻譯的小說(shuō)語(yǔ)言?xún)?yōu)美，林譯小說(shuō)為中國(guó)_開(kāi)了一代風(fēng)氣。15. 最能代表林紓翻譯水平的作品有巴黎茶花女遺事和_.得分 評(píng)卷人II. Translate the following phrases into Chinese or English：(2 points for each, 20 points)A.1. heavy traffic2. a wet blanket3. walls have ears4. the heel of Achilles5. floor exercises 6. Pay attention to Public Hygiene 7. basic allowance 8. opening up 9. special economic zone 10. blessed faculties 11. after ones own heart12. a bed of roses 13. a gentlemans agreement 14. Pandoras box 15. burn the midnight oil B1. 安樂(lè)窩2. 紅茶3. 玩的開(kāi)心4. 過(guò)著安逸舒適的生活5. 逃學(xué)6. 克盡厥職7. 開(kāi)夜車(chē)8. 君子協(xié)議9. 下棋10. 出生證明11. 花露水12. 煙癮很大的人13. 災(zāi)難之源14. 今天不營(yíng)業(yè)15. 稱(chēng)心如意III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese/English (3 points for each, 30points):A1. Wherever the sea is, you will find seamen. 2. Rain or shine, I will go there. 3. Nowadays it is not difficult to go abroad. 4. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 5. He cannot but agree. 6. The sun gives light and heat. 7. I had a light meal because I got a bad cold.8. A doctors duty is to make every effort to save the dying and the wounded.9. Dont cross the bridge till you get it. 10. He is still wet behind the ears. 11. All that gliters is not gold 12. The good die young 13. Blood is thicker than water 14. Every dog has his day15. A little pot is soon hotB 1. 閃光的不都是金子2. 他抽煙有三年了3. 不自由，毋寧死。4. 這本書(shū)沒(méi)有給我留下什么印象。5. 年輕人總是對(duì)未來(lái)懷著夢(mèng)想。6. 他反對(duì)改革。7. 好人命不長(zhǎng)8. 這就是鋅。9. 他整整5英尺高。10. 人人都有出頭的日子11. 你越仔細(xì)越好。12. 人小火氣大13. 人人難免有過(guò)失。14. 只有奇跡才能夠救他。15. 血濃于水IV. Translate the short passage into Chinese ( 30 points for the whole):On Learning Foreign LanguageAfter spending a couple of weeks talking to Americans in Moscow, and listening through a wall to the life of the Russians, I decided to learn the language. I did not want to collect bits of second-hand information. I did not want information. I wanted the feeling of life under a proletarian dictatorship, and there was only one way to get it. I had been puttering along with my grammar and with Lhermontov and Pushkin, reading at them in the same dreadful way that we used to read at Horace and Virgil. That was not learning anything.I have my own system for learning foreign language, which is based upon a profound knowledge of the human heart, and which I will here with some reservations impart to the reader. The first thing to do is to go to the capital of the country where that language is spoken, and buy a grammar, two little red dictionaries, and a railroad ticket. The railroad ticket should take you as far away from the capital as possible, clear out of the sound of your own language, and preferably to a summer resort. The reason for this is that you are going to have a good time, and you need company.What Makes a TeacherIt is customary for adults to forget how hard and dull and long school is. The learning by memory of all the basic things one must know is a most incredible and unending effort. Learning to read is probably the most difficult and revolutionary thing that happens to the human brain and if you dont believe that, watch an illiterate adult try to do it. School is not easy and it is not for the most part very much fun, but then, if you are very lucky, you may find a real teacher. Three real teachers in a lifetime is the very best of my luck. My first was a science and math teacher in high school, my second, a professor of creative writing at Stanford, and my third was my friend and partner, Ed Ricketts.I have come to believe that a great teacher is a great artist and that there are as few as there are any other great artists. It might even be the greatest of the arts since the medium is the human mind and spirit.My three teacher had these things in common: They all loved what they were doing. They did not tell, they catalyzed a burning desire to know. Under their influence, the horizons sprung wide and fear wear went away and the unknown became knowable. But most important of all, the truth, that dangerous stuff, became beautiful and very precious.SleepSleep is part of a persons daily activity cycle. there are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you fist drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, you temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing well slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep. slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40to 69 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain will show the large slow waves that are known asthe delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep. You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. the delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will slip gently back from stage 1 to s