高中英語完形填空解題技巧大全.doc

高中英語完形填空解題技巧大全開篇練習(xí) My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors said that with treatment he would be able to walk， but would never run very well. The first three years of his life was 1 in hospital. By the time he was eight， you wouldnt know he has a problem when you saw him 2 . Children in our neighborhood always ran around 3 their play， and Joey would jump and ran and play， 4 . We never told him that he probably wouldnt be 5 to run like the other children. So he didnt know. In 6 grade he decided to join the school running team. Every day he trained. He ran more than any of the others， 7 only the top seven runners would be chosen to run for the 8 . We didnt tell him he probably would never make the team， so he didnt know. He ran four to five mile every day - even when he had a fever. I was 9 ， so I went to 10 him after school. I found him running 11 . I asked him how he felt. “Okay，” he said. He has two more miles to go. Yet he looked straight ahead and kept 12 . Two weeks later， the names of the team 13 were caked. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had 14 the team. He was in seventh grade - the other six team members were all eighth graders. We never told him he couldnt do it so he didnt know. He just 15 it. 1. A. spent B. taken C. cost D. paid 2. A. talk B. sit C. study D. walk3. A. after B. before C. during D. till 4. A. either B. too C. though D. yet5. A. able B. sorry C. glad D. afraid 6. A. sixth B. seventh C. eighth D. ninth 7. A. so B. if C. then D. because 8. A. neighborhood B. familyC. school D. grade 9. A. excited B. tiredC. pleased D. worried 10. A. think about B. hear fromC. agree with D. look for 11. A. alone B. away C. almost D. already 12. A. riding B. walkingC. playing D. running13. A. jumpers B. runnersC. doctors D. teachers 14. A. got B. kept C. made D. found 15. A. did B. had C. left D. took（Keys：1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D）（一）那么,究竟怎樣才能做好完型填空呢?1、通讀全文,了解大概 首先將全文快速閱讀一遍,對文章內(nèi)容有一個粗略的了解。因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)格式塔的心理學(xué)理論,我們在處理文字信息時,不需要聽到或看到全部的信息內(nèi)容,而是根據(jù)部分信息,就能理解文章信息大意。這就是編制完型填空的理論依據(jù)。2、抓關(guān)鍵詞,啟迪思維 在對全文有一個基本了解后,第二步要著手選詞填空。選詞的訣竅是找出關(guān)鍵詞,使上下文能合理、通順。近幾年試題中的完型填空的四個選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置都有很強(qiáng)的干擾性,語法上都幾乎正確,但從詞義上或上下文中唯有一項(xiàng)為最佳選擇。這時選詞主要依據(jù)是上下文中提供的信息。有時要選的正好是關(guān)鍵詞。我們還是根據(jù)該詞所處的特定的語言環(huán)境,仔細(xì)推敲,就不難選出正確的詞。3、難詞斟酌,二次完成 近來的高考試題的完型填空的第一句不設(shè)空,就是為了提供學(xué)生一個背景或情景,便于學(xué)生讀懂全文。但學(xué)生在第一遍填詞過程中,經(jīng)常會遇到一些詞怎么思索也分辨不出,似乎都可以,這時切不可胡亂選一個詞,因?yàn)檫x錯一個詞會影響后面一大片。我們不妨就暫時空一下,繼續(xù)往下做,也許后面有提示,即使沒有任何提示或線索,我們也不急。在全文有把握并填好后,再讀第二遍,因?yàn)槿囊鸦咎詈?提供信息會更多,原來模棱兩可的詞往往會迎刃而解。4、后期積累 在每次做好完型填空后,有一項(xiàng)很重要的積累工作。即把已做好的完型填空原來做錯部分仔細(xì)研究,認(rèn)真思考:為什么這一空我選錯了,把上下文再讀一遍,找出原因,是文章沒有看懂,還是這個短語不認(rèn)識,若是句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜而沒有看懂,那么就把這個句子記在筆記本上;若是短語或習(xí)慣用法不知道,也把這些記在筆記本上。通過做練習(xí)學(xué)到一些東西,豐富自己的語言知識,水平就會越來越高。反之,做了練習(xí),不做筆記,沒有積累,就跟沒做差不多。二）下面具體談?wù)劷忸}技巧和方法。一、重視首句的開篇啟示作用 “完形填空”所采用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，考生無法借助標(biāo)題推知全文大意，但短文的首句通常是一個未被“掏空”的完整句子，這便是我們探索短文全貌的“窗口”?？忌鷳?yīng)努力抓住首句或首段文句的提示意義，判斷出文章的體裁，迅速推測全文的大意乃至主題。這樣才會感到思路通暢，從而跨出正確解題的第一步。因此，我們決不能忽視首句的提示作用。二、通讀全文，快速了解全文大意 每當(dāng)遇到這種題型，有些學(xué)生習(xí)慣于邊讀邊填空，或者干脆把文后 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 四個選項(xiàng)納入短文空格一起“誦讀”，急于求成。然而欲速則不達(dá)，結(jié)果往往是“只見樹木，不見森林”。正確的做法是：依據(jù)守句給出的提示，通過邏輯思維，捕捉文中關(guān)鍵詞語的語義信息，借助連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞、代詞、關(guān)系詞、介詞及插入語，跳過一個又一個空格，盡快把全文通讀一至三遍，快速掌握全文大意。這樣才完全有可能使整篇短文形成明晰的意義輪廓。三、先易后難，瞻前顧后 在掌握文章大意后，先做最有把握最熟悉的題目。在沒有弄懂第一個空所在句子的意義時，切忌慌著去做。這是因?yàn)樵谔峁┑倪x擇中，往往有一定的迷惑性，一旦思路誤入歧途，就可能出現(xiàn)連鎖反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致一連串的錯選。因此，在遵循忠于全文大意和主題的條件下，通過上下文聯(lián)系展開邏輯推理。這樣答案隨著理解的深入自然地從腦海里涌現(xiàn)出來。對于難點(diǎn)要反復(fù)推敲，比較差異，根據(jù)意義、語法和邏輯等方面來判斷選擇，從而找出一個最適合題意的選項(xiàng)。四、復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案 全部空格填滿后，看文章是否貫通流暢，內(nèi)容清晰，主題突出。遇到疑義之處，應(yīng)從意義和語法兩角度權(quán)衡優(yōu)劣，從而改正錯誤，彌補(bǔ)疏漏。以上所談及解題技巧決不是“萬能鑰匙”，更代替不了你應(yīng)該具有的知識和能力。因此要熟練駕馭“完形填空”這一題必須做到： 1 應(yīng)經(jīng)常閱讀些短小的文章。對各種體裁、題材、風(fēng)格的文章都有所涉獵，以便培養(yǎng)語感和快速閱讀能力。 2 應(yīng)注意積累材料，對于一些常用的短語、句型、習(xí)慣用法和詞組的固定搭配要熟練掌握。也要會分析句子，能辨認(rèn)各種簡單句、并列句及復(fù)合句的結(jié)構(gòu)。3 平時要注意抓住語言難點(diǎn)、語法要點(diǎn)，用足夠的精力去弄通練透，特別是容易混淆的地方，一定要引起注意。（三）“完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語法和詞匯知識綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既考查詞語搭配、近義詞辨異、動詞時態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。做“完型填空”題應(yīng)遵循下列步驟：1、通讀全文，了解大意做這類題目是，首先應(yīng)該把文章通讀一遍，了解一下文章的大概內(nèi)容。千萬不要讀一句填一句，因?yàn)椤巴晷翁羁铡鳖}里所給的大多數(shù)選項(xiàng)填入單句后都可成立，但從全文看又不可取。A hot dog is one of the most popular American foods. It was named after frankfurter, a German food.You may hear “hot dog” 1 in other ways. People sometimes say “hot dog” to express 2 . For example, a friend may ask 3 you would like to go to the cinema. You might say “Great! I would love to go.” Or, you could say, “4 ! I would love to go.”People 5 use the expression to describe (描寫)someone who is a “show- off”, who tries to show everyone else how 6 he is. You often hear such 7 called a “hot dog”. He may be a baseball player, for example, who 8 the ball with one hand, making a (n) 9 catch seem more difficult. You know he is a hot dog because when he makes such a catch, he bows (鞠躬) to the crowd, hoping to win their 10 .1. A. eaten B. used C. cooked D. picked2. A. strength B. practice C. pleasure D. reply3. A. if B. how C. when D. where4. A. Hot dog B. Dont worry C. Never mind D. Excuse me5. A. ever B. also C. still D. yet6. A. hopeful B. careful C. kind D. great7. A. a dog B. a land C. a person D. an action8. A. catches B. plays C. passes D. throws9. A. hard B. funny C. exciting D. easy10. A. thanks B. cheers C. medals D. matches如果不看后面的文章內(nèi)容，短文的第一個題所給第四個選項(xiàng)都可以填入空白處，不論是從語法的角度，還是從這個句子的意思完整的角度，都是能夠站得住腳的。但如果繼續(xù)看完這一段短文之后，你就會領(lǐng)悟到，“hot dog”在這里不是“被吃”，“被做”，“被拿”，而是“被使用”，只能選used。有些同學(xué)一拿到“完形填空”題，就著手去填，填到最后，才發(fā)現(xiàn)所選答案語全文的意思不符，不得不在從頭開始。費(fèi)時又費(fèi)力，還不易做準(zhǔn)確，這種方法是不可取的。2、瞻前顧后，逐步填空了解文章大意之后，就可逐步填空。 一般來說，文章后面所給的選擇答案可分三類：一類是語法正確，而意思不對；另一類是意思正確，而語法錯誤；第三類是語法正確，意思也正確。在選擇答案時，一定要考慮到上下文的意思，還要考慮到句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，習(xí)慣用法，固定搭配和詞類的功能，盡量使選出的答案及復(fù)合語法又符合原文的意思。3、認(rèn)真復(fù)查，適當(dāng)調(diào)整填空全部做完以后，應(yīng)把短文從頭到尾再讀一遍，檢查一下填空以后的文章是否連貫，情節(jié)是否合理，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確。一般來說，如果意思連貫，情節(jié)合理，語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，就意味著選答沒有問題；如果發(fā)現(xiàn)個別填空使文章文理不通，語法結(jié)構(gòu)有問題，就說明選答不正確。對這樣的填空應(yīng)該認(rèn)真推敲，進(jìn)行調(diào)整。怎樣才能提高做完形填空的準(zhǔn)確率呢？那么，怎樣才能提高做完形填空的準(zhǔn)確率呢？大家應(yīng)從以下三個方面入手訓(xùn)練思維能力和解題技巧：抓準(zhǔn)主旨、透析文意、理清邏輯。并在做題的過程中把這三方面與做完形填空的三大步驟“瀏覽、細(xì)讀和驗(yàn)證”做到有機(jī)結(jié)合，明確每一步思維的主攻方向。一通覽全文，抓準(zhǔn)主旨有的同學(xué)或是急于求成，總想一步到位，或是由于原文設(shè)置空格所造成的理解障礙，擔(dān)心通讀文章時不但抓不住大意反而浪費(fèi)時間，未通覽全文即邊讀邊填，結(jié)果是就句論句，無法形成連貫的思路，或“見木不見林”，理解偏離文章的中心，欲速則不達(dá)。大家首先要克服不良心理，滿懷信心，全神貫注，目光越過空格，注重把握文章的整體內(nèi)容，注意能體現(xiàn)文章大意的關(guān)鍵詞句。開始閱讀時可能會有模模糊糊，類似“鉆山洞”的感覺，此時千萬不可半途而廢；再往下讀，文意會逐漸顯露，讀完全文心里往往會有豁然開朗之感。另外，要重視文章首句的作用，一般情況下，首句不設(shè)空格，這就為大家窺視文章全貌提供了一個“窗口”。通過文章的首句大家可以對文章進(jìn)行比較準(zhǔn)確的定位。另外，大家要給文章準(zhǔn)確定位，不僅要重視文章的首句，有時注意一下文章的結(jié)尾，首尾聯(lián)系起來，對文章的定位會更準(zhǔn)確。抓住文章的主旨大意后，考生圍繞主旨大意去閱讀、預(yù)測、推理、判斷，往往會收到事半功倍的效果。抓住了主旨，一些干擾性強(qiáng)，容易使人犯想當(dāng)然錯誤的選項(xiàng)也就起不到作用了。二、細(xì)讀全文，透析文意有的考生在做完形填空題時，一看到一些自己比較熟悉的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，如句子、短語等，便不假思索地去選，對特定的語境不去作深入的理解，導(dǎo)致“定勢思維”錯誤。事實(shí)上，從NMET完形填空的出題特點(diǎn)看，其干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置均與“語法結(jié)構(gòu)”錯誤無關(guān)，重在文意的干擾，這是出題者近幾年始終堅(jiān)持的方向。NMET完形填空每個題的四個選項(xiàng)并不是一種單純的詞匯辨析，因?yàn)閺恼Z法的角度看每個選項(xiàng)都是正確的。因此是否能恰如其分地傳達(dá)文意才是選擇正確答案或最佳答案的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，要吃透文意，理解到位，大家應(yīng)做到以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 注意上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系斷章取義，就題論題，忽視上下文的信息提示是學(xué)生常犯的錯誤?？忌谧鐾晷翁羁盏倪^程中，應(yīng)學(xué)會邊讀邊在大腦中儲藏上下文的信息。信息提示有時出現(xiàn)在前面，有時出現(xiàn)在后面如：Eating spaghetti (意大利面條) caught my eye. The word spaghetti brought back the 36 of an evening at Uncle Alien s in Belleville (when) _37_ all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat (served) _38_ spaghetti for supper.（2004全國卷I）36. A. memory B. thought C. knowledge D. experience 本題的信息提示出現(xiàn)在前面。做題的關(guān)鍵在于把握brought back與后面名詞的搭配關(guān)系，即動詞短語決定了名詞的選擇。bring back把帶回來，因此此處只能是把過去的記憶帶回來，即使人回憶起，因此答案只能是A。With these words I began to (face) _36_ the problem, the problem of my telephone addiction. I used to call people _37_ , from the moment I woke up to the time I went to sleep. I (waited) _38_ to be phoned, I wanted to phone. Just one more call.（2004全國卷）37. A. now and then B. all the time C. at home D. at work 本題的信息提示出現(xiàn)在后面?？蘸蟮摹皬脑绯啃褋淼缴洗菜X”說明前面的動作是“經(jīng)常、不斷的”，因此答案只能是B。2. 注意英漢兩種語言的差異，不能簡單地互譯出題者深知學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中的弱點(diǎn)，往往從母語的角度設(shè)置干擾項(xiàng)來增加試題難度，考查學(xué)生的基本功和靈活運(yùn)用能力，所以在平常的學(xué)習(xí)中，要逐漸培養(yǎng)自己的語感，不要受母語的影響。It started socially a few calls each day. It seemed (fine) _39_ , just a quick chat. Gradually though, the (situation) _40_ got worse. Soon it was _41_ use, until, finally, addiction. （2004全國卷）41. A. frequent B. regular C. unusual D. particular 本題如果僅憑漢語思維經(jīng)常用電話，很容易誤選B, regular雖然也有經(jīng)常的的意思，但側(cè)重指固定的，有規(guī)律的，不是一個貶義詞。因此此處表示最后作者打電話上癮之前，打電話是一種頻繁的行為，含有貶義，因此用頻繁的，表示行為過火，答案為A。3. 研讀細(xì)節(jié)，準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)定語境 用學(xué)生平日常見的固定搭配來干擾學(xué)生對具體語境的認(rèn)定，利用定勢思維來增強(qiáng)試題的誘惑性。如：I was phoning people and (leaving) _46_ messages to make sure _47_ calls would see me through the day. （2004全國卷）47. A. long B. immediate C. enough D. surprising 本題僅看前面和后面介詞短語的搭配，很容易誤選A。但仔細(xì)推敲語境，此處并不表示電話的長度，而表示電話的數(shù)量，因此應(yīng)選C。4. 發(fā)揮邏輯思維能力，挖掘文章寓意、隱意近幾年NMET完形填空以敘事為主，有時加入一定的議論和說明，內(nèi)容貼近生活，表層意思易于理解，所以很容易給學(xué)生造成一種假象，產(chǎn)生“輕敵”心理，有些同學(xué)做完一篇完形填空以后，自我感覺不錯，但一對答案錯很多，原因是這些同學(xué)僅僅理解了文章的表層含義，而忽略了其深層含義。事實(shí)上，NMET完形填空文章大都包含一定的哲理、寓意，具備深層探詢的可能性。這就要求考生不僅要明確文章的表層意義，還要挖掘出文章的深層含義，做到“表里一致”。如：_52_ laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open?hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show (pleasure) _53_ , but what I was feeling was pure happiness. 52. A. People B. Nobody C. Somebody D. I 本題要求根據(jù)事情發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系來判定答案。答案是C，此處敘述作者的作文給全班同學(xué)帶來歡樂的過程，先是“有人”發(fā)笑，最后全班同學(xué)大笑，邏輯通順。5. 結(jié)合生活常識判斷At first, everyone on the team got _38_ playing time. Then the team moved up to the top division after winning all its games, and the _39_ started. Some parents, who had paid the coach extra so their daughters could have _40_ one?on?one training, got angry when she didnt give them more playing time in our _41_ . The coach was replaced. （2004北京高考）38. A. great B. equal C. right D. extra 39. A. business B. struggle C. attempt D. pressure 40. A. free B. private C. good D. basic 41. A. matches B. courses C. lessons D. programs 本文介紹作者（一個少年女子足球隊(duì)員）踢足球的經(jīng)歷。一開始，我們得到“平等的（38）”踢球時間；然后當(dāng)我們的隊(duì)獲得聯(lián)賽冠軍以后，怎樣呢？結(jié)合生活常識判斷，應(yīng)是有了壓力（39）。后面父母賄賂教練干什么呢？根據(jù)生活常識判斷，應(yīng)該是讓自己的孩子得到“開小灶”的機(jī)會，因此40應(yīng)選B, private“私人的”。41，父母生氣是因?yàn)橘V賂沒有起作用，也就是在我們的“比賽”中，他們的女兒沒有得到更多的上場比賽的時間。Anna Douglas was 72 years old when she started writing her newspaper column. She had been a school teacher before she retired（退休），but she needed to keep 36 . She was even willing to work without pay. She then offered her 37 with a business that helped other businesses find jobs for old people. Every day she 38 other old folks like her. By talking with them，she 39 two things. Old people had abilities that were not 40 . But old people also had some 41 . She found a new purpose for herself then. Through the years，she 42 to write stories about people for national magazines. There was now a new 43 ： Old people like herself. She began to write a newspaper column called“Sixty Plus”， which was about 44 old . She writes about the problems of old people，especially their problems with being 45 . Anna Douglas uses her 46 ability to see the truth behind a problem. She understands 47 problems begin. For example，one of her 48 said that his grandchildren 49 the houses as soon as he came to visit. Mrs Douglas 50 some ways for him to understand his grandchildren. “Its important to know 51 about your grandchildrens world，”says Mrs Douglas. “That means questioning and listening，and 52 is not what old people do best. Say good things to them and about them，”she continues. “Never try to 53 your grandchildren or other young people. Never 54 your opinion. Dont tell them what they should do. 55 ，they have been taught they should have respect for old people. The old should respect them as well. ” 36. A. free B. rich C. powerful D. busy 37. A. service B. money C. students D. books 38. A. observed B. met C. comforted D. answered 39. A. recognized B. followed C. enjoyed D. demanded 40. A. studied B. agreed C. gave D. used 41. A. mistakes B. problems C. questions D. characters 42. A. had B. ought C. was D. used 43. A. subject B. life C. way D. plan 44. A. getting B. respecting C. employing D. supporting 45. A. unknown B. refused C. misunderstood D. discouraged 46. A. thinking B. working C. writing D. leading 47. A. that B. when C. why D. whether 48. A. visitors B. readers C. listeners D. friends 49. A. got B. entered C. left D. passed 50. A. invented B. chose C. suggested D. imagined 51. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing 52. A. listening B. speaking C. pleasing D. advising 53. A. praise B. scold C. trouble D. encourage 54. A. speak out B. give up C. get back D. stick to 55. A. Commonly B. Surprisingly C. Happily D. Naturally 36. D。她從教師工作上退了下來，然而她一直很忙。B項(xiàng)有一定干擾性。kee