學(xué)人教版選修7Unit 2 RobotsPeriod2Learning about language教案設(shè)計（22頁word版）.docxVIP

2018學(xué)年度人教版選修7unit 2 robotsperiod2learning about language教案設(shè)計(revise the passive voice including the infinitive)introductionin this period students will be first helped by the teacher to discover and learn to use some useful words and collocations, and then to discover and revise the passive voice including the infinitive. the following steps of teaching may be taken: warming up by having a dictation, discovering useful words and collocations, reading more about the 22nd century, learning about the passive voice, discovering useful structures and closing down by putting on stage a text play of satisfaction guaranteed.objectivesto help students revise the passive voiceto help students discover and learn to use some useful words and collocationsto help students discover and learn to use some useful structuresprocedures1. warming up by having a dictationto begin with, lets take a dictation to strengthen our memory of the text.larry belmont worked for a company that make robot. recently a robot that could do housework would be tested out larrys life, clair, for three weeks. clair felt alarmed by the robots humanly appearance. before long she began to trust him. she told him that she and her home were not elegant enough for her husband and she envied the rich and powerful woman .the robot decided to protect her from being harm. he gave her a new haircut and changed her makeup and asked her to buy something to decorate her home. before the night he was to leave clair, they held a party. the guests were impressed by clair and her home, especially by the handsome robot, whom they thought was her husband. claire knew this is almost a dream and she felt very sad. however, the company was very satisfied with tony, the robot although he needed rebuilding because it is absurd to have women falling in love with a machine.2. discovering useful words and collocations a collocation is two or more words that often go together. these combinations just sound right to native english speakers, who use them all the time. while going over the text, try to recognize the collocations, treat them as single blocks of language and copy them out into your collocation book.now go to page 13. work in pairs to finish the three exercises in 10 minutes. 3. learning about the passive voiceactive and passive tenses chartsimple present and simple past the active object becomes the passive subject. am/is/are + past participle was/were + past participleactive: simple present the movie fascinates me. the movie bores jack. the movie surprises them.passive: simple present i am fascinated by the movie. jack is bored by the movie. they are surprised by the movie.active: simple past the movie bored me. the movie fascinated jack. the movie surprised them.passive: simple past i was bored by the movie. jack was fascinated by the movie. they were surprised by the movie.present and past continuous (progressive) passive form: am/is/are + being + past participle was/were + being + past participleactive: present continuous i am helping shannon. june is helping su and ling.passive: present continuous shannon is being helped by me. su and ling are being helped by june.active: past continuous i was cleaning the bathroom. they were cleaning the bedroom. susan was cleaning the kitchen and patio.passive: past continuous the bathroom was being cleaned by me. the bedroom was being cleaned by them. the kitchen and patio were being cleaned by susan.present perfect, past perfect and future perfect passive form: have/has been + past participle had been + past participleactive: present perfect i have mailed the gift. jack has mailed the gifts.passive: present perfect the gift has been mailed by me. the gifts have been mailed by jack.active: past perfect steven spielberg had directed the movie. penny marshall had directed those movies.passive: past perfect the movie had been directed by steven spielberg. the movies had been directed by penny marshall.active: future perfect john will have finished the project next month. they will have finished the projects before then.passive: future perfect the project will have been finished by next month. the projects will have been finished before then.future tenses passive forms: will + be + past participle is/are going to be + past participleactive: future with will i will mail the gift. jack will mail the gifts.passive: future with will the gift will be mailed by me. the gifts will be mailed by jack.active: future with going to i am going to make the cake. sue is going to make two cakes.passive: future with going to the cake is going to be made by me. two cakes are going to be made by sue.present / future modals the passive form follows this pattern: modal + be + past participleactive: will / wont (will not) sharon will invite tom to the party. sharon wont invite jeff to the party. (sharon will not invite jeff to the party.)passive: will / wont (will not) tom will be invited to the party by sharon. jeff wont be invited to the party by sharon. (jeff will not be invited to the party by sharon.)active: can / cant (can not) mai can foretell the future. terry cant foretell the future. (terry can not foretell the future.)passive: can / cant (can not) the future can be foretold by mai. the future cant be foretold by terry. (the future can not be foretold by terry.)active: may / may not her company may give katya a new office. the lazy students may not do the homework. might / might not her company might give katya a new office. the lazy students might not do the homework.passive: may / may not katya may be given a new office by her company. the homework may not be done by the lazy students. might / might not katya might be given a new office by her company. the homework might not be done by the lazy students.active: should / shouldnt students should memorize english verbs. children shouldnt smoke cigarettes.passive: should / shouldnt english verbs should be memorized by students. cigarettes shouldnt be smoked by children.active: ought to students ought to learn english verbs. (negative ought to is rarely used)passive: ought to english verbs ought to be memorized by students.active: had better / had better not students had better practice english every day. children had better not drink whiskey.passive: had better / had better not english had better be practiced every day by students. whiskey had better not be drunk by children.active: must / must not tourists must apply for a passport to travel abroad. customers must not use that door.passive: must / must not a passport to travel abroad must be applied for. that door must not be used by customers.active: has to / have to she has to practice english every day. sara and miho have to wash the dishes every day. doesnt have to/ dont have to maria doesnt have to clean her bedroom every day. the children dont have to clean their bedrooms every day.passive: has to / have to english has to be practiced every day. the dishes have to be washed by them every day. doesnt have to/ dont have to her bedroom doesnt have to be cleaned every day. their bedrooms dont have to be cleaned every day.active: be supposed to i am supposed to type the composition. i am not supposed to copy the stories in the book. janet is supposed to clean the living room. she isnt supposed to eat candy and gum. they are supposed to make dinner for the family. they arent supposed to make dessert.passive: be supposed to the composition is supposed to be typed by me. the stories in the book are not supposed to be copied. the living room is supposed to be cleaned by janet. candy and gum arent supposed to be eaten by her. dinner for the family is supposed to be made by them. dessert isnt supposed to be made by them.past modals the past passive form follows this pattern: modal + have been + past participleactive: should have / shouldnt have the students should have learned the verbs. the children shouldnt have broken the window.passive: should have / shouldnt have the verbs should have been learned by the students. the window shouldnt have been broken by the children.active: ought to students ought to have learned the verbs. (negative ought to is rarely used)passive: ought to the verbs ought to have been learned by the students.active: be supposed to (past time) i was supposed to type the composition. i wasnt supposed to copy the story in the book. janet was supposed to clean the living room. she wasnt supposed to eat candy and gum. frank and jane were supposed to make dinner. they werent supposed to make dessert.passive: be supposed to (past time) the composition was supposed to be typed by me. the story in the book wasnt supposed to be copied. the living room was supposed to be cleaned by janet. candy and gum werent supposed to be eaten by her. dinner was supposed to be made by them. dessert wasnt supposed to be made by them.active: may / may not that firm may have offered katya a new job. the students may not have written the paper. might / might not that firm might have offered katya a new job. the students might not have written the paper.passive: may / may not katya may have been offered a new job by that firm. the paper may not have been written by the students. might / might not katya might have been offered a new job by that firm. the paper might not have been written by the students.4. 被動語態(tài)小結(jié)被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。例the baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例his mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 he was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。例someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為the boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。例someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為a stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例the meeting is to be put off till friday.非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)) 。例i dont like being laughed at in the public.it is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“itbe過去分詞that從句”或“主語be過去分詞to do sth.”。有：it is said that 據(jù)說,it is reported that據(jù)報道，it is believed that大家相信，it is hoped that大家希望，it is well known that眾所周知，it is thought that大家認為，it is suggested that據(jù)建議。例it is said that the boy has passed the national exam.（the boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義英語中有很多動詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式 表達被動意義,主語通常是物。例 this kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：the door wont lock（指門本身有毛?。﹖he door wont be locked（指不會有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）表示“發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。例 how do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。例your reason sounds reasonable.非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。例the house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例the picture-book is well worth reading（the picture-book is very worthy to be read）動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例 i have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do與things是動賓關(guān)系，與i是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：ill go to the post office. do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例this problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。例this book is too expensive (for me) to buy.在there be句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。例there is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰 lost time不明確。）在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動, 被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例 who is to blame for starting the fire?介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。 “under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。例the building is under construction( is being constructed).“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎勝過、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭長莫及），beyond ones control（無法控制），beyond our hope 我們的成功始料不及。例the rumor is beyond belief（=cant be believed）“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過、高于”。例his honest character is above all praise=his honest character cannot be praised enough“for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于、 為著”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。例that house is for sale. (= the house is to be sold).“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ，表示“在過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。例the book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed) “on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事 中”。常見的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受審）。例today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).“out of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常見的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出視線之外），out of ones reach(夠不著), out of fashion(不流行)等。例 the plane was out of control (cant be controlled) ?！皐ithin+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在內(nèi)、不超過”。例he took two days off within the teachers permission5. discovering useful structuresgo to page 14, and finish the two exercises in pairs.6. closing down by putting on stage a text play of satisfaction guaranteedacting out the text is a very good way to motivate us to read out loud the text and to improve our spoken english. to practice speaking lets now try to turn the text into a play and put it on stage. larry belmont: i am larry belmont. i am working for a company. my company makes robots. tom: i hear that you company is experimenting with a robot that could be used to do the housework.larry belmont: yes, it is. the robot is going to be tested out by my wife, claire.claire: i dont want the robot in my house, especially as you would be absent for three weeks.larry: i dont think the robot would harm you. tom: neither will it allow you to be harmed. claire: all right. let it come to me.(the robot comes in.)claire: my god! you look so human. what is your name?tony: i am the robot, called tony. you are right. i dont look like a machine at all. claire: you are tall and handsome.tony: although my facial expressions never change. claire: and your hair is smooth and black and your voice is deep.(on the second morning tony brought her breakfast.)tony: here is your breakfast. do you need help dressing?claire: i am embarrassed, you know. go away quickly.tony: am i disturbing and frightening that i look so human?(one day, claire mentioned that she didnt think she was clever.)tony: you must feel very unhappy to say that. claire: you are offering me sympathy? you are a robot! anyway you are a nice guy. i trust you.tony: what else can i do for you?claire: my home isnt elegant enough larry. he wants to improve his social position. you know i am not as elegant as gladys claffern. she is one of the richest and most powerful women around.tony: then i will try my best to make you and your home elegant. (claire borrowed a pile of books from the library for tony to read or, rather, scan.) claire: may i look at your fingers? so beautiful! now you may turn pages.(suddenly she reached for his hand.)claire: your fingernails are so nice. your skin is so soft and warm. what a pity you are a machine!tony: may i give you a new haircut? may i change the makeup you wear?claire: i ma going shopping this afternoon. could you come with me?tony: no, i couldnt. i am not allowed to accompany you to the shops. but i will write out a list of items for you. (claire went into the city and bought curtains, cushions, a carpet and paint. then she went into a dress shop. )claire: i am here to buy a dress for myself. could you help me with that one?salesman: dont you see i am busy?claire: is that tony? this is claire speaking.