外研版高二英語必修五學(xué)案：Module 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar——復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài).doc

section grammar復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)語 境 自 主 領(lǐng) 悟先觀察原句后自主感悟1.today，carnival in venice is celebrated for five days in february.2.if they broke the laws，they were put into prison.3.the party will be held in five days.4.two hundred trees have been planted since the man came here.1.句1用了一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為“am/is/are過去分詞”。2.句2用了一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為“was/were過去分詞”。3.句3用了一般將來時的被動語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為“will/shallbe過去分詞”。4.句4用了現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為“have/hasbeen過去分詞”。語 法 精 要 點 撥一、被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化1各種時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由助動詞be和及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)可用于各種時態(tài)，其時態(tài)變化通過助動詞be的不同形式來體現(xiàn)。時態(tài)動詞的被動形式例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are doneenglish is taught in most schools.一般過去時was/were donethe letter was typed on the computer.一般將來時shall/will be donethe problem will be discussed tomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are being donethe bridge is being built.過去進(jìn)行時was/were being doneat that time the desk was being repaired.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been donethe house has been built.過去完成時had been donethey said that their work had been finished.過去將來時would be donehe said the trees would be planted soon.2.被動語態(tài)的特殊形式(1)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.必須采取措施來制止水受到污染。(2) “get過去分詞”式被動語態(tài) 在口語和非正式的語體中，常用“get過去分詞”表示被動語態(tài)，其中g(shù)et相當(dāng)于be動詞，起助動詞的作用。這種形式一般用來談?wù)撏蝗话l(fā)生的事，通常只表示動作，不表示狀態(tài)。some glasses got broken when we were moving.我們搬家時有些玻璃杯被打碎了。即時訓(xùn)練1完成句子we are_not_allowed(不允許) to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.the book has_been_published(已經(jīng)出版) and you can buy one in the local book store.tom always had the feeling that they were_being_watched(正在被監(jiān)視)treasures must_be_taken(一定要采取) to prevent the water from being polluted.the hall is_being_built(正在建造)i wonder whether it will_be_finished(將完成). 二、主動形式表示被動意義1當(dāng)look，sound，smell，taste，feel，prove，remain，stay等作系動詞時。the soup smells good but tastes terrible.這種湯聞起來不錯，但太難喝了。the theory proved to be correct.這個理論證明是正確的。2表示主語某種屬性、特征的動詞如read，sell，write，wash，wear等。this kind of book sells well.這種書很暢銷。the shirt washes well.這襯衫很好洗。3表示開始、結(jié)束、運動的動詞如begin，start，finish，stop，open，close等。the shop closes at 6 pm.everyday.商店每天下午6點關(guān)門。 即時訓(xùn)練2單句語法填空your reason sounds(sound) reasonable.my pen writes(write) quite smoothly.we must get there before the lecture begins(begin)三、使用被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問題1不及物動詞及短語不能用于被動語態(tài)。常見的有：rise，appear，disappear，happen，occur，break out，take place，run out，give out(用完，耗盡)等。my money has run out.can you lend me some?我的錢用完了，你能借給我一些嗎？2在主動語態(tài)里，感官動詞和使役動詞后面跟不帶to的不定式作賓補，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須帶to。i often hear her sing english songs.she is often heard to sing english songs by me.我經(jīng)常聽見她唱英語歌。3帶有介詞或副詞的動詞短語用作被動語態(tài)的謂語時，介詞或副詞不能省略。she often looks after the old man.the old man is often looked after by her.她經(jīng)常照顧這位老人。4含有雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，有兩種方法：一是將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變；二是將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語前加介詞to或for。her mother bought her a computer.she was bought a computer by her mother.a computer was bought for her by her mother.她媽媽給她買了一臺電腦。即時訓(xùn)練3單句改錯a traffic accident was happened near our school last night.去掉wasgreat changes have been taken place in china in the past five years.去掉beena tall man was seen go into the room just now.go前加to語 法 應(yīng) 用 落 實.單句語法填空1english is_spoken(speak) all over the world，so it is called the universal language.2the sweater sells(sell) well，so i decide to buy it.3a new law was_passed(pass) in china in 2010 to ban driving after drinking.4a new road is_being_built(build) and is expected to open next month.5mum，i was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until i got paid(pay) on friday.6they should be_taught(teach) to be grateful to their parents，who have given them life but ask for nothing in return.7the woman was walking about outside the operation room，because her son was_being_operated(operate) on.8we are confident that the environment will_be_improved(improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.9large quantities of money have_been_spent(spend) in searching for a cure for this terrible disease so far. 10the palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building remains(remain) now.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1the meeting was lasted for nearly four hours and many people felt sleepy.去掉was2stop making noise.the news is broadcast at the moment.broadcast前加being3paul doe