新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié).doc

新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)一、時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動作或一般性事實(shí)。u 含有 be 動詞的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.變疑問句將 be 動詞移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?變否定句在 be 動詞后面加 notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.u 不含有動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.變疑問句在句首加 does, 動詞變?yōu)樵虳oes he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?變否定句在主語及動詞之間加 doesnt, 動詞變?yōu)樵虷e doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.Yes, she does. No, she doesntYes, it does. No, it doesnt.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后面加 S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.變疑問句在句首加 doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加 dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. No, I dont.Yes, we do. No, we dontYes, they do. No, they dont.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。構(gòu)成： 主語be 動詞動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞其它成分（現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄）We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.變疑問句將 be 動詞移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?變否定句在 be 動詞后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑問句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑問詞動詞主語現(xiàn)在分詞What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?(必背)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動詞表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動作1. 表示感覺，感官的詞see, hear, like, love, want,2. have, has 當(dāng)”擁有”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)3. 一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事件， 常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如 yesterday, last night, the day beforeyesterday, 3 days ago,含有 be 動詞的句子， 將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am, is 的過去式為 was，are 的過去式為 wereI was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.變疑問句將 be 動詞移動到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?變否定句在 be 動詞后面加 notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑問句：What did you do?(必背)不含有 be 動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式，動詞過去式構(gòu)成見附錄I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.變疑問句在句首加 did， 動詞變?yōu)樵虳id you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Streeta year ago?King Streeta year ago?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加 did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Yes, he did. No, he didnt.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語+助動詞 have, has+過去分詞用法：表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動作，常和 just, usually, already, since 等時(shí)間副詞連用I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book. （已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了）詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過地方，做過事情，經(jīng)歷過事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to 表示去過，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來)He has gone to London.（人還在那里）5)表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：變疑問句將助動詞移到句首，變否定句在助動詞后面加 not.e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑問句：What have you done?What has he done?一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)注意：有些動詞表示的動作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語連用錯(cuò)：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.對：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.5. 一般將來時(shí)表示將來將要發(fā)生的動作， 經(jīng)常和 tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in fivehours time, etc. 表示將來的詞聯(lián)用結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語+助動詞 will+動詞原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?變否定句在助動詞后面加 notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑問句：What will you do?6. 過去完成時(shí)：用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動作要用過去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號，如果放在主句后則不用加。變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Had she finished her homework?變否定句在助動詞后面加 notShe hadnt finished her homework.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadnt.特殊疑問句：What had she done?7. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作,經(jīng)常用在 when, while, as 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV. 8 過去將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：would doShe said she would go here the next morning. 特殊句型：there be 句型，be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)1. Be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be 動詞+going to +動詞原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.變疑問句將 be 動詞移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?變否定句在 be 動詞后面加 notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is no