我的高一語法定語從句總結(jié).docVIP

定語從句定語從句的相關(guān)概念1.定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句2.先行詞：被修飾的名詞,代詞。一般情況下，定語從句緊跟先行詞。但也有因各種原因定語從句與先行詞被分割的現(xiàn)象。3.引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that ，另外，as也可充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和定語。）關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why（在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。）結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money（二）定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句：限定性定語從句：從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明，缺少它，則句義顯得不完整，從句與先行詞緊密相連。非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進行補充說明，解釋，它與先行詞之間有逗號隔開。1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.找正確的關(guān)系詞的方法：瞻前顧后瞻前：先看先行詞是人還是物。顧后：看關(guān)系詞在后面的定語從句中所做的成分。關(guān)系代詞&關(guān)系副詞的選擇 如果充當(dāng)是名詞性成分，使用關(guān)系代詞； 如果充當(dāng)是狀語成分，使用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：That: 指人 / 指物 / 主語 / 賓語Which: 指物 / 主語 / 賓語Who：指人/ 主語 / 賓語Whom：指人/ 賓語Whose: 指人 / 指物 / 定語As:指人、指物、主語、賓語He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.練習(xí)：1.The man _came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl _ I met is Lucy. 3.A child _parents are dead is called Tom. 4.I like the book _ you bought yesterday. 5. We shall never forget the days _we spent together. 6.I like the person _you just talked.7. I have a room _window faces south.注意1）關(guān)系詞whom/which/that作賓語時，一般可以省略。2）關(guān)系詞前有介詞而且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做賓語（表語）時，指人時用whom，指物時用which,而且不能省略。一、that和which用法的區(qū)別1、只能用that不用which的情況(1) 先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代詞時。I am sure she has something _that_ you can borrowDo you have anything _that_ you dont understand?(2)先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時。Ive read all the books _ that_ you lend me. Please send us any information _ that_ you have about the subject.(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。This is the first book _ that _ he has read.It is the most beautiful city _ that _ Ive ever seen.(4)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時。This is the very book _ that _ belongs to him.He is the only person _ that _ was present at the time.補充：the same as/that對比用as：相似，同類事物; 用that：同一個，同一事物.This is the same pen as/that I lost yesterday.I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. (5)先行詞既有人又有物時。The famous writer and his works _ that _ the radio broadcast are popular to the students.(6) 先行詞是who或which引導(dǎo)的主句。 Who is the girl _ that _ drove the car? (7) 主句以there be 引導(dǎo)時。 There are more than 400,000 people _ that _ died or were injured in the earthquake.補充：the same as/that對比用as：相似，同類事物; 用that：同一個，同一事物.This is the same pen _I lost yesterday.I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. 2、只用which不用that的情況(1) 關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中緊跟介詞作賓語（介詞提前）。 There are many trees _under which_ they can have a rest. This is the ring _on which_ she spent 1000 dollars.(2) 在非限制性定語從句中。 Football, _which_ is a very popular game, is played all over the world.二、只用who的情況先行詞是one, ones, anyone, those時用who.One _who_ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.The ones who_ laugh at the disabled are not good students.Anyone _who_ fails to finish the task should be punished.Those _who_ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.3. 表所有關(guān)系及整體中的一部分或全部時，用介詞of, 有時可用whose轉(zhuǎn)換。1) Im painting a house, the roof _of which_ is round. Im painting a house _whose_ roof is round.2) They live in a house, _whose_ windows face south.They live in a house, the windows_ of which _face south. 【典型例題】例1 Friendship is needed by all, _ plays an important role in peoples lives.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. it例2 Uncle Li _ I worked three years ago has retired now.A. whoB. whom C. with whomD. to whom例3 Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explainedD. why he explained例4 Teachers, _ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.A. who B. that C. whichD. whose例5 She has three children, _ is working in Australia.A. whoB. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them【模擬試題】1. Susan is the very girl _ the good deed.A. whom I think didB. whom I think she didC. who I think didD. I think who did2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _ he could buy a train ticket.A. by whichB. on whichC. with whichD. for which3. The book _ he devoted much time is to come out next month.A. whereB. whichC. to whichD. on which4. The day came finally _ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.A. whenB. in that C. whichD. in which5.Thereisnosuchplace_youdreamofinallthisworld.A. that B. what C. which D. as 課后練習(xí)：1. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 2. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 3. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 5. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 6. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 7. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 8. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 9. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 10. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 11. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 12. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that13. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 14. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 15. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom 16. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 17. There is only one thing _ I can do. A. what B. that C. all D. which 18. I have many books, some of _ are on chemistry. A. them B. that C. which D. those 19. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. / 20.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which狀語從句狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞和從句等擔(dān)當(dāng)。例如：1.Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副詞)2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介詞狀短語)3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (過去分詞)5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因狀語從句）狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作狀語修飾形容詞和副詞時必須后置。狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點?，F(xiàn)分別列舉如下:1 時間狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果園) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2 地點狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：where特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3 原因狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, since特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4 目的狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5 結(jié)果狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, so that, such that,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night.6 條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless, 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that Well start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7 讓步狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. 盡管我很尊敬他， 我卻不同意他的建議。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.8 比較狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，猶如油之于機器。9 方式狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.10. 狀語從句的簡化狀語從句的省略狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件:主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it；從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞?？墒÷?。例如：When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略。例如：Im taller than he (is tall ). The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ). 就狀語從句而言,有時為了使語言言簡意賅,常常將狀語從句進行簡化。狀語從句的簡化現(xiàn)象在口語中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對其進行全面、透徹的了解。狀語從句的簡化現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句;由although, though, even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句;由as, as if等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句;由as, than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。(1)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be時,it和be要完全簡化掉。例如:If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的話,他會幫你擺脫困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會議。(2)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:a.連詞+形容詞As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小時候就學(xué)會了騎自行車。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。b.連詞+名詞While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提時代就樂于助人。Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.盡管他曾是個農(nóng)民,而現(xiàn)在是位著名的導(dǎo)演了。c.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.盡管近來他一直在學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),但他仍然沒有取得好成績。d.連詞+過去分詞He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀請,否則他不會和我們一道去那里。The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.這場音樂會出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。e.連詞+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.當(dāng)時他站起來好像要說什么。He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他來負(fù)責(zé),他也解決不了這個問題。f. 連詞+介詞短語She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美國之前就懂英語了。注意:當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語不一致時,從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如:When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.當(dāng)會議結(jié)束時,人們都走出了會議室。(=The meeting over, 狀語從句練習(xí)題1.Ill let you know _ he comes back.A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although2. She will sing a song _ she is asked.A. if B. unless C. for D. since3. We will work _ we are needed.A. whenever B. because C. since D. wherever4. Read it aloud _ the class can hear you.A. so that B. if C. when D. although5._ you go, dont forget your people.A. Whenever B. However C. Wherever D. Whichever6. It is about ten years _ I met you last.A. since B. for C. when D. as7. They will never succeed, _ hard they try.A. because B. however C. when D. since8. _ still half drunk, he made his way home.A. When B. Because C. Though D. As9. _ she was very tired, she went on working.A. As B. Although C. Even D. In spite of10. Busy _ he was, he tried his best to help you.A. as B. when C. since D. for11. I learned a little Russian _ I was at middle school.A. though B. although C. as if D. when12. _ we got to the station, the train had left already.A. If B. Unless C. Since D. When13. _ the rain stops, we 11 set off for the station.A. Before B. Unless C. As soon as D. Though14. She was _ tired _ she could not move an inch.A. so, that B. such, that C. very, that D. so, as15. We didnt go home _ we finished the work.A. since B. until C. because D. though16. Ill stay here _ everyone else comes back.A. even if B. as though C. because D. until17. Although its raining, _ are still working in the field.A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they18. Speak to him slowly _ he may understand you better.A. since B. so that C. for D. because19. Youll miss the train _ you hurry up.A. unless B. as C. if D. until20. When you read the book, you d better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at which B. at where C. the place D. where21. Wed better hurry _ it is getting dark.A. and B. but C. as D. unless22. I didn t manage to do it _ you had explained how.A. until B. unless C. when D. before23._ he comes, we wont be able to go.A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even24. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless25. _ I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.A. Every time B. Though C. Even D. Where26. Whats the matter _ they still havent answered the telegram?A. when B. that C. though D. however27. Bring it nearer _ I may see it better.A. although B. even though C. so that D. since28. You may arrive in Beijing early _ you mind taking the night train.A. that B. though C. unless D. if29. Helen listened carefully _ she might discover exactly what she needed.A. in that B. in order that C. in case D. even though30. More people will eat out in restaurants _ they do today.A. than B. when C. while D. as31._ hard she tries, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.A. Much B. However C. As D. Although32. Poor _ it may be, there is no place like home, _ you may go.A. as; wherever B. though; whenever C. in spite of; when D. that; wherever33. The child was _ immediately after supper.A. enough tired to go to bed B. too tired to go to bedC. so tired that he went to bed D. very tired, he went to bed34. The history of nursing _ the history of man.A. as old as B. is old than C. that is as old as D. is as old as35. _ born in Chicago, the author was famous for his stories about New York.A. Since B. Once C. When D. Although36._ we stood at the top of the building, the people below were hardly visible.A. As B. Although C. Unless D. In spite of37. Scarcely was George Washington in his teens _ his father died.A. than B. as C. while D. when38. _ David goes, he is welcome.A. Whichever B. However C. Wherever D. Whatever39. The house stood _ there had been a rock.A. which B. at which C. when D. where40. Small _ it is, the pen is a most useful tool