2019最新高考英語語法要點(diǎn)細(xì)講精練14—it的用法(詳解).doc

2019最新高考英語語法要點(diǎn)細(xì)講精練14it的用法（詳解） 【考綱解讀】根據(jù)近向幾年高考試題來看，it一直是考查的重點(diǎn)，尤其是it, that 和one不同的指代功能。試題注重情景的設(shè)置，需要利用特點(diǎn)語言環(huán)境中上下文的聯(lián)系，正確分析結(jié)構(gòu)，理解句意是做此類題目的關(guān)鍵。 1. it/that/one用法區(qū)別（it主要指代前面提到的同一物；one用來指代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于a/an+單數(shù)名詞，表泛指概念，往往是同類而同一物；that用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或特指的不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于the單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞）2. it用在某些動(dòng)詞后,如:enjoy,like,dislike,resent,hate,dont mind,be fond of,feel like,see to 之后, 即這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句前要加it代替其后的從句3. 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句或固定句型（it is/was when/since/before）中. 4. 作形式賓語或形式主語（主要代替ving,to do或從句）5. 考查it 構(gòu)成的習(xí)語，it也常表示抽象的情況,屬于虛指. 如:Take it easy.【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】It的用法（一）作人稱代詞1、it代替前面（或后面）的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）They say he has left town, but I dont believe it. （it代替前面Theytown分句中的情況）2、代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西（包括嬰兒）。e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （it代替前面的tree）The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）3、在某些習(xí)慣說法中，可以代替人。e.g. - Someone is knocking at the door, Peter.- Who is it?- Its me.- Who are singing?- It is the children.- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.4、it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞，但it用于同名同物的場合；one則用于同名異物的場合。e.g. - Do you still have the bicycle?- No, I have sold it.- Is this knife yours?- No. It is Xiao Zhangs. Mine is the one on the desk.5、it與that的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但that指同一類，并非同一個(gè)。e.g. The climate of South China is mild（溫和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）（二）作無人稱代詞it作無人稱代詞時(shí)，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語外，另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它后面的內(nèi)容都是表示天氣、時(shí)間、距離、度量衡及情況等。It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).It is noon.It is a half hours walk to the factory.It is eighteen square metres in area.What does it matter?（三）作強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)用以幫助改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子的某一成分受到強(qiáng)調(diào)。“It is (was) + 所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分。”在這個(gè)句型中，it本身沒有詞義。注意: 在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，如被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語，其后的連接詞也絕不能為when 或where，而應(yīng)用that 。在復(fù)習(xí)中，一定要注意句式的不同。It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar(that引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句)It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar(where引起定從)It was twelve oclock when we arrived there(when引起時(shí)間狀語從句）It was at twelve oclock that we arrived there（that 引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句）（四）引導(dǎo)詞it作形式主語（賓語）為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主語（或賓語）it ，而把真正的主語（或賓語）置于句子后面。通常引導(dǎo)詞it與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.（It與to go there on foot之間夾有takes half an hour四個(gè)詞）We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night. （it與that從句中間夾有 strange）但有時(shí)it與所替代部分之間并不夾有其它詞。e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因?yàn)榻樵~on之后一般不直接接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。注意：it不是多余的，不能當(dāng)作錯(cuò)句）（五）. it，one，that 的區(qū)別：作為代詞，這三個(gè)詞的對(duì)比使用是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一。-Why dont we take a little break?-Didnt we just have _?Ait BthatCone Dthis The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move inAthey Bit Cone Dwhich one 用以指代同類事物中的任一，that 特指性強(qiáng)，指代可數(shù)與不可數(shù)詞，而it指代上文提過的同一事物。一、代詞it用 法例 句代替前文提到過的東西或事情，用作人稱代詞。This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.這是一本新詞典，我昨天買的。Tom joined the army last mouth. Do you know about it?湯姆上月入伍了，你知道這事嗎？代替指示代詞，起著this或that的作用Is this your car? No, it isnt. 這是你的汽車嗎？不是。Whats that?Its a video. 那是什么？它是一臺(tái)錄像機(jī)。Whose room is this?It is theirs.這是誰的房間，是他們的。指明某人或某物的身分，還可指不明性別的嬰兒Whos there? Its me. (Its John) 誰在那兒？是我。（是約翰）Go and see who it is that rings. Its Bill.去看看是誰來的電話，是比爾。The Greens have a new baby. Its lovely.格林家有一個(gè)新生嬰兒。它很可愛。指時(shí)間，距離，自然現(xiàn)象（天氣，氣候，明暗）量度，價(jià)值等Its Sunday today. 今天是星期天。Its three months since he came here.自從他來到這里，已經(jīng)三個(gè)月了。How far is it to the Great Wall .到長城有多遠(yuǎn)？Its getting dark. 天快黑了。How much is the coat? Its ninety dollars.這件衣服多少錢？九十美元。二、引導(dǎo)詞it用 法例 句形式主語代替不定式短語It is up to you to decide. 這事要由你決定。It makes me happy to hear you have recovered.聽說你恢復(fù)了健康，這使我很高興。代替動(dòng)名詞短語Its no good smoking. 吸煙沒有好處。Its worthwhile working the whole night on the problem.用整夜的時(shí)間來研究那個(gè)問題是值得的。代替主語從句It doesnt matter what you do. 你干什么都沒有關(guān)系。It seems that everyone has known the news.好象大家都知道這個(gè)消息。形式賓語代替不定式短語I consider it better to be early.我認(rèn)為能夠早一些更好。We found it impossible to get there before July .我們覺得，要在七月以前到達(dá)那里是不可能的。代替動(dòng)名詞短語We thought it no use doing that.我們認(rèn)為做那事沒有用。代替賓語從句The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time .老師清楚地指出，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該按時(shí)交作業(yè)。三、it在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is (was) +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 其它強(qiáng)調(diào)部分例 句說 明主語It is I who am to blame. 是我該受責(zé)怪。It was your uncle that (who) came yesterday. 昨天來的是你叔叔。原句的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)用It is that(who)如果原句謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)，則用It wasthat(who)。在賓語It was a new pen that Mother gave me .母親給我的是一支新鋼筆。強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因或方式時(shí)不要用when, where, how, 必須用that。地點(diǎn)It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.我把雨傘就落在了教室里。狀語時(shí)間It is at eleven that the train leaves.火車是在十一點(diǎn)鐘離開。方式It was just as he ordered that I acted.我正是照他吩咐的那樣做的。原因It was because he was in trouble that I tried my best to help him.正是因?yàn)樗幘忱щy我才盡力幫助他。賓補(bǔ) It was red that we painted the gate.我們把門油漆成紅的顏色。It was chairman that they elected him .他們選他擔(dān)任的是主席的職務(wù)?！究键c(diǎn)詮釋】考點(diǎn) it的用法在英語中，運(yùn)用it的場合較多。從它在句中的作用和意義來看，it的用法可分為三類：1指代作用(1)用作人稱代詞，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞)。如：Although we cannot see it，there is air all around us雖然我們看不見空氣，但它卻在我們的周圍。(2)代替前面的整個(gè)句子。如：It is said that he has died of a disease，but it isnt true據(jù)說他已經(jīng)病死了，但這不是真的。(3)用在答語中代替指示代詞this，that。如：一What is this?這是什么?一Its a bike是自行車。(4)代替不能或沒有必要區(qū)分性別的或某些習(xí)慣說法中的人。如：The baby cried because it Was hungry嬰兒哭是因?yàn)轲I了。(嬰兒習(xí)慣上不區(qū)分性別)一Who is knocking at the door?誰在敲門?一Its me是我o(5)指環(huán)境、情形等。如：I cant stand it any longer我再也不能容忍這種情況了。Take it easy別緊張。It doesnt matter沒關(guān)系。(6)指度量衡單位、時(shí)間、距離、季節(jié)、天氣及自然現(xiàn)象。如：Its getting colder and colder now現(xiàn)在越來越冷了。It is winter now現(xiàn)在是冬天了。2形式作用(1)形式主語當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式、v.ing形式或從句作主語時(shí)，通常把它們放在謂語之后，而用it作句子的形式主語。如：(I)Its no use crying over spilt milk諺覆水難收。It takes three generations to make a gentleman諺十年樹木，百年樹人。 (2)形式賓語當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式、v-ing形式或賓語從句時(shí)，往往把真正的賓語放在補(bǔ)足語后面，而用it作形式賓語，放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之前。如：You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious你必須向他們說明形勢(shì)是嚴(yán)峻的。)They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events他們覺得和客人們談近來發(fā)生的事情很困難。特別提示形式賓語用在“主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按時(shí)到達(dá)，成功)等后接由if或when等引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí)，往往在從句前加形式賓語it。如：1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash如果你能支付現(xiàn)金的話，我會(huì)不勝感激。The boy likes it when you do that那個(gè)男孩喜歡你那樣做。3強(qiáng)調(diào)作用it可以用來改變句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子的某一成分得到強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is/was+所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。【試題放送】1. 【2018金華十校期末】Do you allow smoking in the office?No_ smoking here will be finedAWhoever BAnyone CWho DAnyone who【答案】B【解析】考查代詞?？崭窈蟮膕moking 作定語，相當(dāng)于who smokes，所以只能用anyone，語境為：任何一個(gè)在這里吸煙的人都要被罰款。2. 【2018順義素質(zhì)展示】 Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? Yes. Im going to a peaceful place, especially _ suitable for relaxation. A. one B. the one C. that D. this【答案】A【答案】考查代詞用法。答語的意思是“我將去一個(gè)寧靜的地方，尤其是一個(gè)適合放松的地方”。one代指a place。3. What do you think of the furniture on exhibition? 【2018江西豐、樟、高、宜四市聯(lián)考】 Well, great! But I dont think much of _ you bought Athe one Bit Cthat Dwhich 【答案】C【解析】考查代詞辨析。此處使用that替代不可數(shù)名詞furniture，其后為定語從句，省略了作賓語的關(guān)系代詞which或that。注意the one用于替代特指意義的單數(shù)名詞，不能替代不可數(shù)名詞。4. 【2018上海春招】They dont come to the book club any more, for _ reasons or other.A. some B. all C. either D. both【答案】A 【答案】考查代詞的用法。句意：他們不再來圖書俱樂部了，因?yàn)檫@樣或那樣的原因。5. 【2018棗莊期末】We all regard _our duty to help those who are too poor to go to school.A. thisB. itC. thatD. us【答案】B【答案】考查代詞的用法。代替后面的動(dòng)詞不定式“to help”作形式主語，要用it。句意為：幫助那些貧窮上不起學(xué)的需而生是我們的責(zé)任。6. 【2018寶雞一次質(zhì)檢】Could you tell me where you bought your beautiful handbag? I want to buy_ too Aone Bthat Cthis Dit 【答案】A【答案】考查代詞的用法。it指代同名同物; one與that則指代同名異物，但one為泛指, 相當(dāng)于aan名詞; that為特指, 相當(dāng)于the 名詞。所以one所指代的名詞的修飾語一般為 aan some any; that所指代的名詞的修飾語往往是the this that。這里指代a handbag，一個(gè)手提包，用one。句意為：你能告訴我你是從哪里買的這個(gè)漂亮的手提包嗎？我也想買一個(gè)。7. 【2018九江一?！縆nowledge from real life isnt easier to forget than _ achieved from textbooksAit Bthat Cone Dthose【答案】B【解析】考查代詞的用法。句意：來自現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的知識(shí)和從教科書中獲得的知識(shí)相比不容易忘記。在比較級(jí)中用that指代knowledge。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。8. 【2018泰安期末】Car seat belts save livesEvery driver should wear _to ensure their safetyAthis Bit Cthat Done【答案】D 【解析】考查代詞辨析。句意：車上的安全帶能起到挽救生命的作用。每個(gè)司機(jī)都應(yīng)該系上安全帶以確保其自身的安全。one指car belt，表示泛指。9. 【2018廈門期末】The cost of renting a house in Beijing is higher than in any other city of China. A. one B. it C.that D. this【答案】C【解析】考查代詞。that表示特指，指代前面提到的那類物，即The cost。而it 表示特指，指代前面提到的那個(gè)事物（是同一個(gè)），用于指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞；one 表示泛指,代替前面提到的同類人或物,但不是同一個(gè)人或物。10【2018石家莊一次質(zhì)檢】Marys parents admitted that she was always contrary to a wish of Athem Btheirs Ctheir Dthemselves【答案】B【解析】 考查名詞性物主代詞的用法。這里相當(dāng)于their wishes，所以用名詞性的物主代詞。11. 【2018寧波八校聯(lián)考】Those who put their money away in the bank know very well that interest rate could go _.A. both waysB. all waysC. neither wayD. either way【答案】D【解析】考查語境化選詞。那些把錢存進(jìn)銀行里的人都知道利率可能增長也可能降低，二者有其一，所以選either way。12. 【2018萊蕪期末】My uncle promised to buy me a nice gift for my birthday, beyond my imagination. A. the one B. a one C. anything D. something【答案】D【解析】 考查代詞辨析。作單數(shù)birthday的同位語，可以用one 也可以用something。句意為：叔叔答應(yīng)為為我買一件漂亮的生日禮物，超出我想想的東西。13. 【2018南昌調(diào)研】Equipped with the latest facilities, today s schools are quite different from _ of the pastAit Bthose Cones Done【答案】B【解析】考查代詞辨析。代替的是同名但不是同一個(gè)內(nèi)容的復(fù)數(shù)名詞schools，用those。句意為：今天的學(xué)校配備上了最新的教學(xué)設(shè)備，和過去的學(xué)校迥然不同了。14. 【2018吉林期末】I would appreciate if you could teach me how to use the computer.A. that B. this C. it D. you【答案】C【解析】考查it做形式賓語。appreciate 后面跟賓語從句時(shí)要用形式主語it。類似的動(dòng)詞還有l(wèi)ike，hate等。15. 【2018江西豐、樟、高、宜四市聯(lián)考】As we know, tomatoes can be cooked, juiced, eaten whole, sliced, diced or _Awhenever Bhow Chowever Dwhatever【答案】D考查代詞。【解析】or whatever表示“任何類似的東西”，用于已經(jīng)提及的一兩個(gè)