初中英語語法現(xiàn)在完成時講解以及練習題.doc

現(xiàn)在完成時1.構成 現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞have(has)表明事情發(fā)生于現(xiàn)在。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞在句子中做謂語，說明句子的含義。2.用法 （1）動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在有某種影響和結果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. Ive just had it. 你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了） （2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教） I havet seen her for four years. 我有四年沒見到她了。 （3）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,three times等時間狀語。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過北京二次。3.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語 （1）現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強調動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。 a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑問句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。 c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾年他去過那里三次了。d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內的時間狀語，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I havent. 今天你見過他嗎？我 沒有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過那里多少次？ （2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述?，F(xiàn)歸納總結一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉換： arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy come to workwork等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。 We have studied English for three years. 我們（開始）學英語已三年了。4.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時強調的是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關系。如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關系。試比較： I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了。（現(xiàn)在還未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒說明）5.幾點注意事項 （1）have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never,several times等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們去過北京兩次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。（2）如單純表示一段時間，或強調一段時間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有三年了。 （3）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。 如：I havent left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。一、 單項選擇 1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 11. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, sees 12.- Would you like some more food? -Thank you. I _ enough. A. will have B. have had C. have D. had 13. _ you _ England? Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B.Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D.Have, gone to, is 14. -_ you _ to Beijing? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did,go, didnt, was going 15. -You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 16. He has a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought 17. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 18. He _ his homework and is now listening to music. A. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing 19. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to 20. - Is your father a Party member? - Yes, he _ the party three years ago. He _ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was 21. -What a nice bike! How lone _ you _ it? -Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had 22. I _ this book for a week .I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 23. -_ your sister _ in Green China for a long time? -Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined 24. -How long have you _ from the USA? -For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back 25. I _ this book for half a year. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had 26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _ for a year. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 27. - _ you_ your homework yet? -Yes, I _ it just now. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather _ in Beijing several times this year. A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened 29. -How long have you been here? - _ last month. A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since 30. He _ a cold for three days. A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught 31. Jim Green _ in China for two years. A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came 32. The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasnt begun D. began 33.Where have you _ these days？ I have to Beijing with my friends A. been；gone B. been；been C. gone；been D. gone；gone 34How long have you _ this book？ A. bought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 35. We have lived here _ five years ago A. when Bsince Cbefore Dafter 36I have watched the game When _you _ it？ Ahave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch 37How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited 38Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to Yunnan Aafter Bbefore Csince Dfor 40His grandpa _ for two years Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dhas died 41Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in 42. His sister _ her hometown for three years. Shell return next year Aleft Bhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from 以適當形式填空 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. - _ he _(finish) his work today ? -Not yet . 3. -_you _(be) to Hong Kong ? -Yes, I _ (be) there twice . 4. -_ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? -No, never. 5. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 6. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 7. Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _ (become) a large city. 8. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 9. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 10. -How long _ the Smiths _(stay)here? - For two weeks. 11. - I _ (see) the film “Chicken Run”. - Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 12. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper. 13. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 14. -_ Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he_. -When _ he _ it? - Yesterday. 15. _ you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 16. They _already_(do) their homework. But they dont know what_ (do) next. 17. -_ you _ (see) the film last night? -No, I _ (see) it for several times. 18. She _ (be) ill for three days. 19. My father _ ( buy) a book for me yesterday. He_ already _(pay) fifty yuan for it. 20. She_ (not read) this book before. 21. _ you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 22. - _ Wei Hua _ (come) yet? -Yes. She_ (come) already. She _ (come) just now. 23. -How long _you _(learn) English? -For more than two years. 24. They _ (live) in China since they _ (move) to China. 句型轉換(每空一詞)。 1. I have been to Macau before.(改為否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before. 2. He hasnt come to school because hes ill (就劃線部分提問) _ _ he come to school? 3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ _ _ learned English ? 4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改寫) I _ just _a new bike. 5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句) We _ _ English _ three years 6. He has lived here since 1999.(就劃線部分提問) _ _ _ he_ here? 7. They have already finished the work.（否定） They _ _ the work _. 8. My father got there two days ago.（同義句） My father _ _ _ for two days. 9. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同義句） Mr. Li _ _ English in this school since 1999. 10. The factory opened ten years ago.（同義句） The factory _ _ _ for ten years. 11.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ _ _ they _ the classroom this week? 12. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. （同義句） My father _ _ _ England _. 13. John left Beijing three years ago. （同義句） John_ _ _ Beijing_ three years. 14. His company closed in 2003. （同義句） His company _ _ _ _ 2003. 15. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同義句） My father _ _ the car _ half a year. 16. We got to know each other for about 15 years. （同義句） We _ _ each other _ about 15 years. 17. The film began ten minutes ago. （同義句） The film _ _ _ for ten minutes. 18. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. （同義句） I _ _ this book for two weeks.一、 單項選擇。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16 Miss Green isnt in the office .she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、 句型轉換。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問) have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （動詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉換) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉換) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus h