新視野大學英語讀寫教程第4冊(第三版)課后段落翻譯.docx

第一單元1、 英譯漢亞里士多德是古希臘的哲學家和科學家。他的作品涵蓋了許多學科，包括物理學、生物學、動物學、邏輯學、倫理學、詩歌、戲劇、音樂、語言學、政治和政府，構成了第一個綜合的西方哲學體系。亞里士多德是第一個將人類的知識領域劃分為不同學科的人，如數學，生物學和倫理學。他相信人所有的觀念和所有的知識在根本上都是基于感知能力。 他對自然科學的看法構成了他許多作品的基礎。他幾乎對他所處時期的每一個人類知識領域都作出了貢獻。他的作品包含了人們所知的最早的關于邏輯的正式研究，即使在今天，亞里士多德哲學所涵蓋的方方面面仍是學術研究的重要課題。他的哲學對所有的西方哲學理論的發(fā)展有著經久不衰的影響。在去世2,300多年后，亞里士多德仍是最有影響力的哲學家和科學家之一。 二、漢譯英 The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism. The so-called mean by Confucius doesnt mean compromise but a moderate and just-right way when understanding and handling objective things. Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as a way to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into ones daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training. The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component of traditional Chinese culture. From the time it came into being to the present, it has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture. 第二單元2、 英譯漢人們普遍認為，威廉莎士比亞是最偉大的英語作家和世界杰出的戲劇家。他的劇本被譯成多種語言，并且比其他任何劇作家的作品都上演得多。莎士比亞的早期作品大多是喜劇和歷史劇。即使在今天，這些作品仍是同類作品中的杰作，享有絕佳聲望。后來莎士比亞的創(chuàng)作主要是悲劇，其中一些作品，如哈姆雷特和李爾王，為其在整個西方文學界贏得了聲譽。莎士比亞最顯著的特點是其精彩的語言運用及具有普遍意義的主題。他創(chuàng)造了數千個英語詞匯，其中許多已經深植于英語中。他的作品主題具有普遍意義，所以能夠數代流傳，激發(fā)世界各地讀者和觀眾的想象力。數世紀以來，莎士比亞影響和激勵了許多作家。其作品至今依舊廣受歡迎，在世界各地的文化中被不斷地研究、上演和詮釋。莎士比亞將繼續(xù)對未來的劇作家、小說家、詩人、演員和學者產生巨大影響。 二、漢譯英 The four great classic Chinese novels are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh, Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. All the four novels were written during the period from the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties to the Qing Dynasty. They all reflect various aspects of ancient China, including political and military strife, social conflicts and cultural beliefs. The four novels are of supreme artistic standards, representing the peak of Chinas classic novels. Lots of the characters and scenes in the books are well-known in China and have exerted profound influences on the ideology and values of the entire nation. Highly valuable for the research of Chinas ancient customs, feudal system, and social life, the four classic novels are precious cultural relics of China as well as the human society as a whole. 第三單元1、 英譯漢 近年來，隨著計算機科學和互聯網技術的發(fā)展，社交網絡服務（SNS）已經成為人們構建社交網絡和社會關系的一個廣受歡迎的平臺。SNS是基于網頁的服務，允許個人創(chuàng)建面向公眾的個人簡介，創(chuàng)建用戶名單以分享社會聯系，并對系統(tǒng)內的關系網進行瀏覽和交叉連接。社交網站多種多樣，可整合各種新的信息及通訊工具，并允許用戶跟網絡中的其他人分享觀點、圖片、帖子、活動、事件以及興趣愛好等。 SNS已通過各種方式影響到人們的社會生活以及社交活動。隨著各種移動設備對SNS訪問的實現，只要能連接上互聯網，用戶在世界上的任何地方都能一直與朋友、親戚及其他認識的人保持聯絡。 SNS還可讓擁有相同興趣和信念的人通過群組或其他頁面建立聯系，同時，由于其網絡分布廣闊，還能讓失散的家庭成員或朋友重新團聚，這點早已為人所知。 2、 漢譯英In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet technology, the Internet economy has become a hot issue. As represented by the promising E-commerce, the Internet economy has become a strong driving force for the economic development. Our government attaches great importance to developing the Internet economy and proposes the concept of Internet Plus, aiming to integrate Internet with other industries, such as health care, transportation, education, finance, and public service. This will create great potential and broad prospects for the development of the Internet economy. With the implementation of the Internet Plus strategy, the Internet is certain to be integrated with more traditional industries and help build the upgraded version of the Chinese economy. 第四單元1、 英譯漢 巴洛克建筑是一種建筑風格，興盛于16世紀晚期至18世紀中期的歐洲。它由意大利文藝復興時期的建筑發(fā)展而來，當時文藝復興建筑師開始對過去200多年來一直沿用的對稱的、一成不變的舊建筑形式感到厭倦，開始建造醒目的、具有曲線性而非對稱的巴洛克建筑。巴洛克風格的建筑有一些共同特征。大理石、鍍金、青銅是巴洛克建筑師大量使用的材料。橢圓形是巴洛克建筑最鮮明且十分常見的形狀。戲劇性的光照運用也是其重要特征，主要是通過強烈的光影對比或由窗戶進入的均勻光線來實現。豐富的色彩和裝飾運用也很常見，這從天花板上的大幅壁畫中可以看出。巴洛克建筑通常正中還有一個相當大并且向外突出的部分，梨形的拱頂也十分常見。最著名的巴洛克建筑包括英國的圣保羅大教堂和法國的凡爾賽宮。杰安勞倫佐貝尼尼和弗朗西斯科博羅米尼是巴洛克時期兩位主要的建筑師。 二、漢譯英 Suzhou gardens are the most outstanding representatives of classical Chinese gardens. Most of them were privately-owned. The gardens first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period, developed in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties. By the late Qing Dynasty, Suzhou had got as many as over 170 gardens of diverse styles, winning it the name The City of Gardens. Now, over 60 gardens are kept in good condition, of which more than 10 are open to the public. The Surging Wave Pavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrators Garden and the Lingering Garden are called the four most famous gardens in Suzhou, representing the artistic styles of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties respectively. Suzhou gardens are assemblies of residences and gardens, which makes them suitable places for living, visiting and appreciating. The architectural principles of the gardens are a demonstration of the lifestyles and social customs of the ancient Chinese people in the south of the Lower Yangtze River. Suzhou gardens are not only a product of Chinese history and culture, but also a carrier of traditional Chinese ideology and culture. In 1997, Suzhou gardens were inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO. 第五單元一、英譯漢 文藝復興是一場影響巨大的文化運動。它在現代歐洲史的開端時期開創(chuàng)了一個科學革命和藝術變革時代。它始于意大利，之后蔓延到歐洲其他國家。它緊接在中世紀之后，貫穿14至17世紀。文藝復興時期的特點是，人們對古希臘和古羅馬時期的古典知識、智慧和價值觀重新煥發(fā)了興趣。文藝復興時期的學者在學術中采用人文方法，在藝術上追尋現實主義和人類情感。科學家們不再一味地接受教堂傳播的說教。相反，他們通過觀察和實驗來研究自然世界。同樣，藝術家們將數學和光學運用到繪畫、雕塑及其他藝術形式中，從而發(fā)展出新技術，并取得了更高水平的藝術效果。文藝復興深刻地改變了現代早期的歐洲知識界。它通過對古代文獻的重新發(fā)現，觸發(fā)了古典知識和整個歐洲文化的重生。文學、哲學、藝術、政治、科學及其他許多領域都能感受到它的影響2、 漢譯英Chinese civilization once had a significant influence on world civilization. With the development of our countrys economy and the rise of her international status in recent years, Chinese culture, which has a long history, is once again attracting global attention. More and more Chinese cultural elements provide inspiration for and become popular subjects of fashions, literature and movies around the world. This shows that the world needs Chinese culture. It was in this context that China decided to implement the Culture Exporting strategy so as to enhance her cultural exchanges with the rest of the world. After several years efforts, great achievements have been made in this respect. Culture Exporting has greatly promoted the development of our cultural industries. It is becoming an effective approach through which China enhances her national image and comprehensive strength. 第六單元一、英譯漢歐洲聯盟（歐盟）是一個有28個歐洲國家組成的經濟和政治聯盟。它建立了一個包含所有成員國，領土的統(tǒng)一市場。這一“內部”市場是歐盟的主要經濟引擎，它使商品、資本、服務和人員可以自由流動。歐盟的預算資金來源是每個成員國的國民總收入的一定百分比。其資金用于多種活動項目，包括提高貧困地區(qū)的生活水平，確保食品安全及支持農村發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護等。歐元是大多數歐盟國家的通用貨幣。已有十八個成員國加入了歐元區(qū)，用歐元作為單一貨幣。今天歐盟是世界上一支重要的貿易力量，它的人口占世界人口的7%，但它與世界其他地區(qū)的貿易占全球總進口量的20%，在其最初的幾十年中，歐盟取得了顯著的成就，盡管仍然需要跨越一些現實和潛在的政治障礙，但是隨著時間的推移，持續(xù)增強的經濟融合有望提升歐盟成員國之間的政治統(tǒng)一。二、漢譯英Boao forum for Asia is a non-governmental, non-profit international organization, which was initiated by twenty five Asian countries and Australia and officially founded in 2001. The organizations headquarter is in Boao Town in chinas Hainan Province. With equality, mutual benefit corporation and win -win as its objectives, BFA is devoted to promoting economic exchanges, coordination and, cooperation between Asian countries as well as enhancing dialogues and ties between Asia and other parts of the world. The forum provides a high-level platform where governments, businesses and scholars from relevant countries discuss Asian and global affairs. Through further regional economic corporation, BFA will facilitate the realization of Asian countries goals of development and contribute to a new Asia that boast greater prosperity, stability and peace. 第七單元一、英譯漢國際原子能機構是世界核領域的合作中心，1957年，他被當成世界性的“原子能為和平服務”組織而被建立，成為聯合國中機構中的一員。該機構與其成員國及世界各地的眾多伙伴合作，擁有共同的目的，即為促進安全、穩(wěn)定、和平的核技術發(fā)展而努力。作為一個跟聯合國體制相聯系的獨立世界性組織，國家原子能機構與聯合國的關系是有特定協議規(guī)定的。就其章程而言，每年國際原子能機構都要向聯合國大會匯報工作，如果有哪些成員國不遵守或其維護義務或涉及國際和平安全相關事宜，他們會適時向安理會匯報情況。奧地利的維也納是國際原子能機構秘書處的總部，行動小組區(qū)域辦公室分別設在瑞士日內瓦、美國紐約、加拿大多倫多和日本東京。國際原子能機構的使命，以成員國的利益和需要為指南，戰(zhàn)略計劃和前景規(guī)劃都體現在其中。國際原子能機構的使命，深受三個主要支柱或工作范圍支配，他們分別是安全保障、科學技術、保衛(wèi)核實。二、漢譯英Urban-rural integration is a new stage of Chinas modernization and development of urbanization. It is based on the unified planning of urban and rural development and through the system reform and policy adjustment it aims to break the urban and rural do economic structure, in order to, achieve, equal policy store for, the urban and rural duel economic structure in order to achieve equal policies of the urban and rural areas and realize complimentary developing patterns, enabling the rural residents to enjoy the same level of civilization and equal benefits with the urban residents. The integration of urban and rural area is a significant and profound social reform that makes development of the entire urban-rural economy comprehensive, coordinated, and sustainable. Only by promoting urban-rural integration, and by properly handling the relationship between urban and rural area, strengthening urban-rural cooperation, and narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, can we guarantee that our country will achieve the grand goal of building a well- off society in an all-round way by 2020.第八單元一、英譯漢退學之后掙個一兩百萬已經成為年輕創(chuàng)業(yè)者的標簽。人們感到很驚訝，退學之后成為富翁的人數是如此之多。史蒂夫.喬布斯僅在里德學院上了一個學期就退學，之后成了美國最強大最有影響力的企業(yè)家之一;比爾.蓋茨退學以后創(chuàng)立了自己的軟件公司，并成為微軟的首席執(zhí)行官;馬克.扎克伯格從哈佛大學退學，專心致力于自己的項目創(chuàng)立了臉書公司。卻是