1986-08年考研英語參考答案.doc

1986年參考答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)1.B2.C3.A4.A5.D6.B7.A8.D9.C10.C11.C12.A13.D14.D15.CSection II: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)16.A17.D18.B19.C20.B21.D22.B23.A24.A25.CSection III: Reading Comprehension (10 points)26.B27.D28.C29.D30.B31.C32.A33.D34.A35.CSection IV: Structure and Vocabulary (10 points)36.C37.B38.A39.C40.D41.D42.C43.B44.B45.DSection V: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)46.C approve of47.C has been48.A appear49.C has been given50.C most poorly51.B (the) best, (the) most52.C even if, even though53.B to54.C where, from which, on which55.D the theatreSection VI: Verb Forms (10 points)56.were defeated/had been defeated57.had been speaking58.confronted59.was being pulled60.being given61.Having got62.could/did not recognize, were not able to recognize63.setting64.have assembled/assemble65.(should) be takenSection VII: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)66.The good crop last year was due to the improvement of farm management and favorable weather condition.67.The success he has achieved in scientific research is greater than expected.68.What we must do now is to make a careful investigation of the situation.69.Its hard to say which plan is more practicable.70.If he had come yesterday evening, the question might have been solved.Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)71.如果想一想那些為學(xué)生設(shè)置的門類繁多的課程，我們就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，對一個學(xué)生來說，要選一門符合他的興趣和能力的課程是多么困難。72.如果一個學(xué)生進(jìn)大學(xué)是為了想獲得一個對生活前景更廣泛的認(rèn)識，為了擴(kuò)大思想境界和學(xué)會獨(dú)立思考，那么毫無疑問，進(jìn)大學(xué)對他是有好處的。73.學(xué)校由于受課程表和紀(jì)律的約束，氣氛往往令人感到過于拘束，使學(xué)生沒有充分時間對規(guī)定要他做的事情有獨(dú)立的見解。74.我認(rèn)為大多數(shù)學(xué)生，尤其是那些沒有偏重某一門課程的“全面發(fā)展的學(xué)生”，經(jīng)過一年左右的時間對各門不同學(xué)科的鉆研，將會從中獲益。75.當(dāng)然，關(guān)于一個人如何最充分地利用上大學(xué)的時間，還有另外一個方面。76.某一學(xué)科中出類拔萃的學(xué)生就屬于這種情況。77.他一畢業(yè)馬上就被一所他自己選中的大學(xué)所接受，再花三、四年時間，以優(yōu)異的成績?nèi)〉脴s譽(yù)學(xué)位，成為一名專家，但對外界的一切卻幾乎一無所知。78.因此，如果要學(xué)生好好利用他們上大學(xué)的機(jī)會，就應(yīng)該為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程方面更為詳盡的信息和更多的指點(diǎn)。這個問題顯得越來越重要了。 1987年參考答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (10 points)1.B2.D3.C4.A5.D6.C7.B8.B9.D10.CSection II: Reading Comprehension (15 points)11.B12.B13.D14.A15.D16.B17.A18.A19.C20.B21.B22.C23.C24.B25.ASection III: Structure and Vocabulary (10 points)26.B27.B28.D29.C30.B31.D32.D33.D34.B35.BSection IV: Close Test (10 points)36.C37.C38.A39.D40.B41.A42.D43.B44.C45.ASection V: Verb Forms (10 points)46.considered47.hoping48.(should) be given49.missing50.is intended51.to have stayed52.would succeed53.Not eSection VI: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)56.D a part-time57.D for58.C was59.B luggage60.D visiting them61.B health62.D and63.B how to play64.D it is colder65.D identifiedSection VII: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)66.All those who work hard should be encouraged.67.We sincerely hope that you give us an early reply.68.Dont feel discouraged even if you should fail in persuading him.69.So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.70.When you speak English, your pronunciation should be correct. Otherwise you cant make yourself understood.Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)71.對我們來說，生活要是沒有廣大的城市地區(qū)似乎是不可想象的，但實際上城市還是比較按期才發(fā)展起來的。(2分)72.從歷史上看，城市生活始終是文明的一個組成部分。(2分)73.如果沒有城市的支持，簡直難以想象會有大學(xué)，醫(yī)院，大企業(yè)，甚至連科學(xué)技術(shù)也不會有。(3分)74.可是，近幾年來人們開始意識到城市也是問題成堆的地方。(2分)75.但是，一個最主要的分歧意見是，像目前這樣的城市是否還要保存下去。(3分)76.同時也有人反對說，文化方面的進(jìn)步，始終是以城市為中心而向外輻射的。(3分)77.誠然，一個宏偉的重建計劃也許能為許多需要工作的人提供就業(yè)機(jī)會。(2分)78.遺憾的是，過去我們在總目標(biāo)方面意見是一致的，但涉及到各個具體目標(biāo)時，意見就不一致，因而也就根本沒有什么行動。(3分)1988年參考答案I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)1.C2.D3.B4.A5.C6.B7.C8.B9.A10.C11.A12.A13.D14.A15.CII: Reading Comprehension (20 points)16.B17.A18.B19.C20.A21.A22.A23.B24.D25.CIII: Cloze Test (10 points)26.B27.A28.D29.C30.C31.D32.C33.B34.A35.DIV: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)36.A such a difficult37.D wide open38.C convincing39.A fewer40.B asked for41.B kept to42.A carrying43.B it44.B hoping to achieve45.C on the declineV: Verb Forms (10 points)46.called47.is48.having fought49.running50.Not wishing51.to be talking52.to be interviewed53.wouldnt have made54.being55.having been repairedVI: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)56.Bad weather prevented him from starting out for Beijing on time.57.Please make sure of the cause of the accident and then report to the director.58.He arrived in a hurry after the performance had already started.59.With the approval of the local government, they cancelled the original project.60.Upon hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldnt utter a word.VII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)61.他顯然，他是個對自己的儀表感到相當(dāng)自豪的人。62.正像卡車司機(jī)和建筑工人再沒必要都是男的一樣，秘書和接待員再也不一定都是女的。63.這些變化正影響著長期存在的傳統(tǒng)觀念中關(guān)于男女各可以干哪幾類工作的看法，但這對于進(jìn)入原先以婦女為主的那些的男人來說，無疑也帶來一些問題。64.我還沒聽說過有任何使我感到滿意的確切答案。65.他回憶說：“我覺得那種工作十分有趣，當(dāng)我退役時，對我來說，去干某種醫(yī)務(wù)工作，似乎是極其自然的?！?6.換句話說，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其動機(jī)是同任何找工作干的人一樣，既出于個人的興趣，也出于經(jīng)濟(jì)上需要的考慮。67.選定這一類工作是會惹人笑話的。68.我們是否能預(yù)見到這么一天：那時當(dāng)秘書的男女各占一半或有人提到某個男人當(dāng)護(hù)士時，人們不會再感到吃驚? 1989年參考答案I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)1.B2.C3.D4.B5.A6.C7.A8.C9.D10.D11.B12.B13.D14.B15.BII: Reading Comprehension (20 points)16.A17.B18.D19.C20.D21.A22.C23.D24.A25.BIII: Cloze Test (10 points)26.A27.A28.C29.B30.D31.B32.A33.D34.A35.CIV: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)36.C to pay37.B a38.D to survive39.A in which40.A Being41.D to spend it42.C doing43.D expense44.A such45.D getting used toV: Verb Forms (10 points)46.to have lived47.should have left48.would/should have won49.having written50.were/was going51.being driven52.will have improved53.was being repaired54.drink55.assignedVI: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)56.All travellers are advised to fasten their safety-belts to avoid being bumped.57.No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.58.It is suggested that an exploration tour to the Hainan Island (should) be arranged during the summer vacation.59.He gave lots of examples in order to get the difficult points in the text fully explained.60.Nurses often devote their whole lives to tending the sick.VII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)61.她吃力地伏在顯微鏡上干活，手焊體積很小的電子計算機(jī)，每小時能焊好18個。62.一家工廠的跟蹤調(diào)查表明，被解雇的工人中一年后只有38%的人找到了與原工資相等或優(yōu)于原工資的工作。63.它（新技術(shù)的采用導(dǎo)致失業(yè)上升）一開始被全球性的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退所引起的失業(yè)所掩蓋，但到20世紀(jì)末，新技術(shù)所引起的失業(yè)問題可能會構(gòu)成對社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。64.被一臺機(jī)器搶走你的工作是很傷自尊心的，可又沒法還擊，但真正傷我心的是要費(fèi)很大的勁去尋找新的工作。65.老工人由于處于技術(shù)掌握得很有限的困境，往往不能重新獲得其原有的地位和就業(yè)機(jī)會。66.要付出的社會代價遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過政府在福利與失業(yè)救濟(jì)方面的開支。67.未來學(xué)家海曼西摩說，新技術(shù)所具有的驚人效率意味著所需要的勞力將出現(xiàn)一個絕對的和直接的凈減數(shù)。68.為失業(yè)工人提供的由聯(lián)邦政府幫助的培訓(xùn)計劃和免費(fèi)重返學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的計劃目前都在實施中，但專家中幾乎沒有認(rèn)為這些計劃能跟得上新技術(shù)的發(fā)展步伐。 1990年參考答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)1.D2.B3.C4.D5.B6.C7.B8.B9.D10.C11.B12.A13.B14.C15.ASection II: Reading Comprehension (20 points)16.D17.B18.C19.C20.B21.D22.B23.B24.A25.CSection III: Cloze Test (10 points)26.C27.A28.A29.C30.B31.B32.D33.A34.D35.BSection IV: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)36.B controlling37.C such a38.D Dicks39.C over40.C do not bring41.A referring to42.B an honor43.A saw44.D has not been explained45.B to be asleepSection V: Verb Forms (10 points)46.is47.(should) be sent48.instructed49.hearing50.should have called51.would not have had52.to find53.having begun54.close55.will have to be destroyedSection VI: Chinese-English Translation (15 points)56.You should check all data the carefully so as to avoid serious mistakes.57.Although the experiment is complicated, they are determined to finish it on time.58.All signs showed that the man knew nothing of what had happened here.59.Only those who are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work.60.This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.Section VII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)61.他們想要說明，為什么我們具有某些性格特征和表現(xiàn)出某些行為。62.在這場爭論中，贊成“天性”一方的那些人認(rèn)為，我們的性格特征和行為模式大多是由生物因素所決定的。63.這種理論的核心是，我們的環(huán)境同我們的才能、性格特征和行為即使有什么關(guān)系的話，也是微不足道的。64.行為主義者堅信，人象機(jī)器一樣，對環(huán)境的刺激作出反應(yīng)，這是他們行為的基礎(chǔ)。65.支持“天性”論的人堅持說，我們生來就具有一定的學(xué)習(xí)才能，這是由生物因素決定的。66.行為主義者的看法是，如果一個兒童在有許多刺激物的環(huán)境里成長，而這些刺激物能夠發(fā)展其作出適當(dāng)反應(yīng)的能力，那么，這個兒童將會有更高的智力發(fā)展。67.在美國，黑人在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化智力測試中的成績常常低于白人。68.相反，行為主義者認(rèn)為，成績的差異是由于黑人往往被剝奪了白人在教育及其它環(huán)境方面所享有的許多有利條件。 1991年參考答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)1.C2.B3.A4.B5.D6.B7.C8.B9.C10.A11.C12.D13.D14.A15.C16.B17.C18.A19.D20.D21.B22.C23.A24.D25.A26.C27.D28.A29.B30.DSection II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)31.B32.C33.A34.A35.D36.C37.A38.C39.C40.A41.D42.A43.C44.D45.BSection III: Cloze Test (15 points)46.B47.A48.D49.C50.C51.B52.A53.D54.B55.C56.A57.D58.B59.C60.BSection IV: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)61.B in which62.C has been expressed63.A except/but64.B is65.D taking66.A those67.C highly-paid68.B gradually69.A be properly processed70.B whatSection V: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)71.石油供應(yīng)可能會隨時中斷；不管怎樣，以目前這種消費(fèi)速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都會枯竭。72.必須找到新的能源，這需要時間；而過去我們感覺到的那種能源價廉而充足的情況將不可能再出現(xiàn)了。73.食品供應(yīng)的增加將趕不上人口的增長，這就意味著我們在糧食的生產(chǎn)和購銷方面正陷入危機(jī)。74.這種困境將是確定無疑的，因為能源的匱乏使農(nóng)業(yè)無法以高能量消耗這種美國耕種方式繼續(xù)下去了，而這種耕種方式使投入少數(shù)農(nóng)民就可獲得高產(chǎn)成為可能。75.除非人類終于意識到要把人口減少到這樣的程度：使地球能為所有人提供足夠的飲食，否則人們將不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。Section VI: Writing (15 points)76.參考范文（略） 1992年參考答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)1.C2.D3.B4.C5.C6.A7.B8.C9.D10.C11.B12.D13.D14.A15.B16.C17.A18.C19.D20.C21.A22.B23.D24.D25.A26.B27.C28.A29.A30.DSection II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)31.C32.D33.A34.B35.B36.D37.D38.D39.A40.D41.C42.B43.A44.C45.ASection III: Cloze Test (15 points)46.D47.A48.B49.B50.C51.C52.A53.D54.D55.A56.C57.A58.B59.B60.CSection IV: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)61.D Thackerys62.B puzzled63.A have we seen64.D affects65.C should have planned66.C ever67.C on which68.B as69.A to be offered70.B goingSection V: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)71.人們對智力這個詞所指的不同表現(xiàn)意見比較一致，而對這些表現(xiàn)如何解釋或分類則有不同的看法。72.批評智力測試不反映上述情況，猶如批評溫度計不能測風(fēng)速一樣。73.既然對智力的評估是比較而言的，那么我們必須確保，在對我們的對象進(jìn)行比較時，我們所用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比較。74.如果要從智力方面進(jìn)行任何比較的話，那么對所有被比較者來說，前兩個因素必須是一樣的。75.總的來說，得出這種結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的，但是必須具備兩個條件：能夠假定這個孩子對測試的態(tài)度和與他比較的另一個孩子的態(tài)度相同；他也沒有因為缺乏別的孩子所具有的有關(guān)知識而受影響。Section VI: Writing (15 points)76.參考范文For A Better Understanding Between Parent And ChildNowadays, there is often a lack of understanding between parent and child. One generation often feels that its style of life is different from another generations style. The feeling that each family unit should have a separate residence is characteristic. No one wants to intrude or be intruded upon. Both parents and child feel that the others presence would upset and change the normal routine.One of the reasons for present situation is that there are different likes and dislikes between parents and child. For example, the child likes glittering disco, rock-and-roll music or loves movies for his entertainment at night while the parents like peaceful environment and physical exercises. They would like to spend their evenings of life in happiness.Secondly, there often exists misunderstanding between parent and child. The child doesnt know what his parent thinks and acts, while the parent doesnt understand what his children want to do. In general, young people enjoy a great deal of freedom, while their parents always keep their traditional style of life.Thirdly, children often do not feel an equal share of responsibility toward their parents. For example, a brother sometimes feels that his sisters are responsible for physical care of their parents. One child may resent anothers reluctance to help, provoking misunderstanding and bitterness. Not all of the children may be financially capable of contributing an equal share to the cost of their parents care.I argue that it is unfair to say that they are self-centered. Parent and child should often communicate each other. By discovering things about both sides, they can interact much better and help each other to deal with their problems for a better understanding between parents and child.1993年參考答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)1.D2.C3.C4.C5.B6.D7.D8.A9.A10.B11.C12.C13.A14.B15.D16.A17.B18.A19.A20.D21.D22.D23.A24.D25.A26.B27.A28.A29.B30.BSection II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)31.B32.C33.C34.B35.D36.C37.D38.D39.C40.B41.D42.C43.B44.A45.ASection III: Cloze Test (15 points)46.B47.D48.A49.B50.D51.C52.A53.C54.B55.D56.A57.B58.D59.C60.BSection IV: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)61.C made62.A educationally63.A have taken64.B (should) be assigned65.B written66.A having blamed67.B have we seen68.C into the writing69.D to pay them70.C with the resultSection V: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)71.科學(xué)研究的方法不過是人類思維活動的必要表達(dá)方式，也就是對一切現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行思索并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)解釋的表達(dá)方式。72.這并不是說面包師或賣肉者所用的磅秤和化學(xué)家所用的天平在構(gòu)造原理或工作方式上存在差別，而是說與前者相比，后者是一種更精密得多的裝置，因而在計量上必然更準(zhǔn)確得多。73.你們都多次聽說過，科學(xué)家是用歸納法和演繹法工作的，他們用這些方法，在某種意義上說，力求從自然界找出某些自然規(guī)律，然后他們根據(jù)這些規(guī)律，用自己的某種非同一般的本領(lǐng)，建立起他們的理論。74.許多人以為，普通人的思維活動根本無法與科學(xué)家的思維過程相比，認(rèn)為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某種專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。75.在座的諸位中，大概不會有人一整天都沒有機(jī)會進(jìn)行一連串復(fù)雜的思考活動，這些思考活動與科學(xué)家在探索自然現(xiàn)象原因時所經(jīng)歷的思考活動，盡管復(fù)雜程度不同，但在類型上是完全一樣的。Section VI: Writing (15 points)76.參考范文（略） 1994年參考答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Part A (5 points)1.C2.A3.A4.D5.C6.C7.B8.B9.D10.BPart B (5 points)11.D even12.A obvious13.B had come14.B that of the earth15.C to have been invented16.A Much as 或 Much though17.B make18.A Unless (=if. not)19.C 刪去 but 或?qū)?believing 改為 believe20.C a great interest inPart C (10 points)21.C22.A23.D24.B25.D26.C27.A28.B29.B30.B31.C32.A33.B34.D35.C36.C37.D38.A39.A40.BSection II: Cloze Test (10 points)41.A42.C43.B44.D45.C46.A47.B48.C49.D50.DSection III: Reading Comprehension (40 points)51.D52.D53.A54.C55.B56.C57.B58.B59.A60.C61.D62.A63.D64.D65.B66.C67.A68.C69.B70.BSection IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)71.他們(新學(xué)派科學(xué)家們)說，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼識，不如說源于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等等更為普通的東西。72.新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅持說：“簡而言之，我們所稱謂的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用，這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展的范圍無所不及?！?3.工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被科學(xué)史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家們忽視了。74.伽里略的最光輝的業(yè)績在于他在1609年第一個把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對準(zhǔn)天空，以證實行星是圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)，而不是圍繞地球。75.政府究竟是以減少對技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來增加對純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動的力量。Section V: Writing (15 points)76. 參考范文（略）1995年參考答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Part A (5 points)1.D2.A3.B4.D5.B6.C7.A8.D9.A10.CPart B (5 points)11.A reflect12.D if13.B to which14.D being15.C writing about或who write about16.D affected17.C whose18.C as19.C do much20.B each timePart C (10 points)21.B22.D23.C24.C25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.A31.D32.B33.A34.C35.B36.A37.D38.D39.A40.BSection II: Cloze Test (10 points)41.B42.C43.C44.B45.D46.C47.A48.D49.A50.BSection III: Reading Comprehension (40 points)51.D52.A53.D54.C55.A56.C57.A58.D59.B60.C61.A62.D63.C64.B65.B66.C67.D68.B69.A70.BSection IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)71.把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試作為抨擊目標(biāo)是錯誤的，因為在抨擊這類測試時，批評者不考慮其弊病來自人們對測試不甚了解或使用不當(dāng)。72.這些預(yù)測在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。73.因此，在某一特定情況下，究竟是采用測試還是其他種類的信息，或是兩者同時使用，須憑有關(guān)相對效度的經(jīng)驗依據(jù)而定，也取決于諸如費(fèi)用和有無來源等因素。74.一般地說，當(dāng)所要測定的特征能很精確地界定時，測試最為有效；而當(dāng)所要測定或預(yù)測的東西不能明確地界定時，測試的效果則最差。75.例如，測試并不彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會不公；因此，它們不能說明一個物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長的話，會有多大才干。Section V: Writing (15 points)76.參考范文（略） 1996年參考答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Part A (5 points)1.A2.C3.D4.B5.D6.C7.D8.B9.A10.CPart B (5 points)11.A went12.B psychologically13.A allowing 14.C he15.B are more likely16.C are17.C when18.B two spacecraft19.D taken 20.C itPart C (10 points)21.D22.B23.D24.C25.A26.B27.D28.B29.A30.C31.D32.A33.C34.D35.C36.B37.D38.B39.A40.DSection II: Cloze Test (10 points)41.C42.D43.A44.